Imibono ye "socialism", "ukukhululeka", "conservatism"

Ukubuswa kwezenhlalo, ukukhululeka, i-conservatism yizindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zefilosofi nezenhlalo nezombusazwe zesayensi yanamuhla. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-anarchism ne-Marxism nabo babethandwa kakhulu, kepha manje bathola abalandeli abambalwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukwazi nokukwazi ukuhlukanisa zonke lezi zindlela zomphakathi nezombangazwe ukuze kuqondwe ifilosofi, imiphakathi, izifundo zomphakathi kanye nemithetho yomthetho.

Izimfundiso zamaLiberal

Ukubuswa kwezenhlalakahle, ukukhululeka kwemvelo, i-conservatism yizinkambiso zomphakathi nezombusazwe, abameleli babo abakhulu kunamaphalamende amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuphakama okukhulu kuleli khulu leminyaka lama-XX kwatholakala manje. Ukukhululeka kumelela amalungelo kanye nenkululeko yimuphi umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuzwe babo, inkolo, izinkolelo kanye nesimo sezenhlalakahle. Lokhu kubeka la malungelo nenkululeko ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukumemezela ukubaluleka kwabo okuyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kokukhululeka babonisa isisekelo sokuphila komnotho nezenhlalakahle.

Ithonya lesonto kanye nezwe ezikhungweni zomphakathi lilawulwa ngokuqinile futhi lilinganiselwe ngokuhambisana nomthethosisekelo. Into eyinhloko yilokho abafuna ukukhululeka, imvume yokuziveza ngokukhululekile, ukukhetha inkolo noma ukwenqaba, ukuvotela ngokukhululekile okhethweni olungenacala nokuzikhethela kunoma yiliphi ukhetho.

Ekuphileni kwezomnotho, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, ukukhululeka kwemvelo, i-conservatism ibheja ezintweni eziza kuqala. Ama-liberal afuna ukungahlali kahle kwempahla yangasese, ukuhweba kwamahhala kanye nebhizinisi.

Emkhakheni wezomthetho, ubukhulu bomthetho phezu kwawo wonke amagatsha amandla bukhulu. Ngaphambi kwencwadi yomthetho wonke umuntu ulingana, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho. Ukuqhathaniswa kokukhululeka, i-conservatism, i-socialism kusiza ukukhumbula kangcono futhi uqaphele ukuthi ngayinye yalezi zindlela ezihlukahlukana.

Socialism

I-Socialism igcizelela isimiso sobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle. Futhi ukulingana nokukhululeka. Ngomqondo obanzi kakhulu wegama, inhlalakahle yindlela yokuhlalisana yabantu ehlala kulezi zimiso ezingenhla.

Umgomo womhlaba wonke wezenhlalakahle ukuguqulwa kwe-capitalist kanye nesakhiwo esikhathini esizayo somphakathi ophelele - ubukhomanisi. Lolu hlelo lwezenhlalakahle kumele lugcwalise umlando wesintu futhi lube ngumqalo womlando wawo omusha, weqiniso, "abasekeli kanye nama-ideologists kulo mkhuba. Zonke izinsiza zihlanganiswa futhi zisetshenziselwa ukufeza le njongo.

Ukubuswa kwezenhlalo, ukukhululeka, i-conservatism ihluke ezimisweni zabo eziyinhloko. Abantu bezenhlalakahle banqatshelwe impahla eyimfihlo ngokuqondene nomphakathi, nokwethulwa kokulawulwa komphakathi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo nemithombo. Konke kuhulumeni kubonakala sengathi kuyinto evamile - lokhu kungenye yezimiso eziyisisekelo zokufundisa.

I-Conservatism

Into esemqoka ku-conservatism ukunamathela kumagugu wendabuko, amisiwe kanye nemiyalo, kanye nezimfundiso zenkolo. Ukugcina amasiko nezikhungo zomphakathi ezikhona yiyona nto eyinhloko kulabo abakhulumayo abakhulumayo.

Ezombusazwe ezifuywayo, ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kubo kuyindawo ekhona kanye nomphakathi. Ama-Conservatives ahlukumezekile ngokumelene nezinguquko ezinkulu, ziqhathanise ne-extremism.

Enqubomgomo yangaphandle, abalandeli balo mbono bagxila ekuqiniseni ukuvikeleka ngaphansi kwethonya langaphandle, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ukuxazulula izingxabano zezombusazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubudlelwane obuseduze bugcinwa nabalingani bendabuko, ukungathembeki kwabalingani abasha.

Anarchism

Ukukhuluma ngokukhululeka, i-conservatism, i-socialism, i-anarchism ayikwazi ukunakwa. Lona ifilosofi yezombusazwe esekelwe inkululeko ephelele. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukubhujiswa kwanoma iyiphi indlela yokuxhashazwa komuntu oyedwa ngomunye.

Esikhundleni samandla, i-anarchists iphakamisa ukusungulwa kokubambisana okuzuzisayo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye. Iziphathimandla, ngokombono wazo, kufanele ziqedwe, ngoba zisekelwe ekucindezelweni kwabo bonke abanye ngabantu abacebile nabesimo.

Bonke ubudlelwane emphakathini kufanele busekelwe ekuthandweni komuntu ngamunye, kanye nokuvuma kwakhe ngokuzithandela, ukusizwa okubambisana okukhulu nomthwalo wemfanelo wakhe. Into esemqoka ukubhujiswa kwanoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwamandla.

I-Marxism

Ukuze ufunde ngokucophelela i-conservatism, ukukhululeka, ubuhlanga, i-Marxism, kuyadingeka ukwazi nokuqonda. Le mfundiso yashiya impendulo ejulile ezinhlanganweni eziningi zenhlalo yekhulu lama-20.

Le mfundiso yefilosofi yasungulwa ngekhulu le-19 nguKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kamuva, amaqembu ahlukahlukene kanye nokunyakaza kwezombusazwe bavame ukuhumusha le mfundiso ngendlela yabo.

Eqinisweni, iMarxism ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezenhlalakahle, zinezinto ezifanayo kuzo zonke izigaba. Izingxenye ezintathu ziyisisekelo kulo mbono. Ukulandelana kwemvelo , lapho umlando womphakathi wabantu uqondwa njengenkathi ethile yenqubo yomlando yemvelo . Futhi imfundiso yokubaluleka kokudlula, uma inani lokugcina lempahla elinqunyiwe lingenqunywe yimithetho yemakethe, kodwa kuncike kuphela emizamweni esetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo seMarxism yimbono yobudlova be-proletariat.

Ukuqhathaniswa nezinkolelo zesayensi

Ukuze uqonde ngokuphelele ukuthi yiyiphi le ncazelo echaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa imibuzo ukuze uqhathanise. Kulesi simo, ukukhululeka, u-conservatism, kanye ne-socialism kuzovela njengemiqondo ecacile necacile.

Into esemqoka ukuyiqonda - indima yombuso ekuphileni komnotho ngaphansi kwalowo nalowo mzimba, isikhundla sokuxazulula izinkinga zenhlalo yomphakathi, futhi nokuthi yiluphi uhlelo olubona umkhawulo womuntu siqu.