Isazi sefilosofi Friedrich Engels: Biography nemisebenzi

Friedrich Engels, Umshicilelo kabani Biography of nesithakazelo esikhulu abacwaningi abaningi, wayevela nomkhiqizi yendwangu umndeni, kunalokho yimpumelelo ngesikhathi. igama likanina lalingu-ohlakaniphile, ezinhle, waba nenamancoko, wayithanda art nezincwadi. Frederick wayenabafowabo nodadewabo 8. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, yena waba enamathiselwe kuMariya. Cabanga ngaphezu kwebanga elishiwo abadumile Friedrich Engels. Biography, lokusungula, imibono nazo echazwe esihlokweni.

intsha

Friedrich Engels (wahlala 1820-1895) wazalelwa e Barmen. Kulomuzi, waya oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala esikoleni bese esikoleni esiphakeme Elberfeld. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela kayise waba 1837th kwesokunxele ezifundweni zakhe futhi waqala ukusebenza enkampanini Ukuhweba okungewakho umndeni. Ngo-August 1838 kuya ku-April ka-1841 Friedrich Engels, Umshicilelo isithombe okuyinto okusesihlokweni esithi waqhubeka lokuyofunda ukuhweba okukhethekile. Le mfundo wathola Bremen. Kube wazakhela intatheli. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-18, uFriedrich Engels (usuku lokuzalwa Nov 28) wabhala isihloko sakhe sokuqala. Kusukela ngo-September 1841 kuya phambili, wakhonza e-Berlin. Lapho kwadingeka ithuba lokuya izinkulumo inyuvesi futhi ahlangane Young Hegelians.

Friedrich Engels: A (ukuhlala isifinyezo eNgilandi esuka 1842 kuya 1844) Biography.

Ngo-November 1842, wadabula Cologne. Kulomuzi, ayenakho komhlangano wokuqala aya kuwo nge Marx. Kwathi kumagama "Rheinische Zeitung". Kumele kuthiwe umngane omusha wamthatha ngempela kubanda. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi Marx babekholelwa abasha Hegelians yakhe. Futhi imibono kwabo akusekelwe. Ngemva kwalokho Friedrich Engels waya Manchester. Kube ayesezokwenza ukuyoqhubeka nezifundo zakhe esigayweni ukotini kayise. ENgilandi, wachitha cishe iminyaka emibili. Lapha ehlangana Irish uLidiya Meri Berns. Nge zombili ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku bakhe babehlezi ubudlelwane efudumele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo UMariya wayengunina lokuqala, noLydia - nomfazi wakhe wesibili. Nge bobabili, wayephila ubudlelwane civil. Kodwa okokuqala, futhi eyesibili wangena phezu izimiso sokufa zonke Engels waphetha umshado esisemthethweni.

izinyathelo wamavukelambuso

Friedrich Engels, Umshicilelo biography nemisebenzi is atehlukaniseki ukuba izenzakalo ezenzeka zasemsebenzini, eNgilandi, ngakwazi bajwayelane ekuphileni kwansuku zonke abantu abasebenza, kamuva kwadingeka ku umbono wakhe nomthelela. Lapha saqala ukuxhumana kwakhe ne "INhlangano nje" (inhlangano mbuso ka sikhathi), kanye Chartists e Leeds. ENgilandi, ashiya sihloko yakhe ukushicilelwa Owenisten, okuyinto zashicilelwa "North Star". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxhumana lwenziwe ne "Rheinische Zeitung". Ngo-November 1843rd Friedrich Engels wabhala izihloko ngohulumeni lamaKhomanisi e ezwekazini laseYurophu. Ngo-February 1844 incwadi yokuqala uvele izincwadi German-French yonyaka. Ngesikhathi ehlala e-England, kwaba omjwayele nembongi futhi Umphathi Trade Werth. Kamuva, wayengeke laba yinhloko kukholomu izihloko satirical esikhathini wamavukelambuso ku "Neue Rheinische Zeitung".

Friedrich Engels: A Biography kusuka 1844 kuya 1845.

Umphumela wokuqala omkhulu cwaningo wezomnotho kwezombangazwe kwaba isihloko th 1844. It Friedrich Engels wazama ukufanekisa kuwukuphikisana umphakathi zama-Capitalist. Usole wobunxiwankulu isayensi apologetics e isimo sangempela. Ngomqondo othile, lesi yisihloko wenza Marx ongalungisa izincwadi kwezomnotho. Ngo-1844 kwafika esihlokweni sokuqala a German-French e-Ncwadini Yonyaka. Wakhe Marx eshicilelwe futhi Ruge Paris. Awekho ama-athikili babé ibhaxa singesihambelanayo eside. Endleleni eya eJalimane, uFriedrich Engels futhi Marx wahlangana okwesibili. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhathi ayenobungane ngaphezulu. Bobabili wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi imibono yabo baqiniseka ezifanayo. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke, uFriedrich Engels futhi Marx yaqala ukusebenza eduze.

isigaba esisha

Ngo-1845-m, wabuya eJalimane futhi Fridrih Engels wabhala umsebenzi olunzulu isimo abasebenzi e-England. Wathi eqambe Ngaqala ukuba nezinkinga ku ubuhlobo noyise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela izinkinga ezihilela amaphoyisa (ngaye igadiwe). Marx futhi baba nobunzima ezinye nomthetho French. Konke lokhu kuye kwaphoqelela abangane ukuthuthela Belgium. Leli zwe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi mahhala kakhulu eYurophu. Ngo-July abangane 1845 ukuya eNgilandi. Ulapho, watholana namanxusa "INhlangano nje" futhi Chartists eziningi. Ngemva kokubuyela e-Brussels ngo-1846 leKomiti Communist yasungulwa. Kwakuyisikhathi umzimba virtual ekufezeni inkonzo leposi phakathi Socialists kuzo zonke izifundazwe European. Ngaphambi Ehlobo lika-1846, bajwayela lowo ukubukwa dialectical-izinto ezibonakalayo, njengoba akusho kamuva e yomshikashika wabo ezivamile "amafilosofi German". Kulesi umsebenzi thina babemelene imibono yabo ngokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo Feuerbach futhi ukukhohliseka abasha Hegelians. Ngo Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1846 Friedrich Engels waqala ukubhalela i edition French La Reforme, futhi kusukela 1847 for the iphephandaba lokuqala German-Brussels. Ngawo lowo nyaka eNhlangano nje wathola ithuba ungene ngezithako zawo. Engels futhi Marx wayithumba. Ngemva kwalokho, base ziye zaba nomthelela ukuqanjwa kabusha kwenhlangano iNhlangano amaKhomanisi. Okokuqala Congress wayala Marx ukuthuthukisa umbhalo okusalungiswa "isivumokholo wamaKhomanisi." kamuva Wabumba ngesisekelo Manifesto LamaKhomanisi.

Yenguquko 1948-1949.

Ngesikhathi siyazi ngubani Fridrih Engels emibuthanweni eziningi. Phakathi inguquko kwakhe, kanye uzakwabo, wabhala indaba for asanda kusungulwa Rheinische Zeitung. Emsebenzini wethu, ukuveza izidingo LamaKhomanisi eJalimane, base kuqhathaniswa nokukhishwa izenzakalo wamavukelambuso ezweni. Ngo-1848, njengengxenye iqembu izishoshovu Engels kuhanjiswe ku Cologne. Lapha wabhala izihloko eziningana mayelana Juni kuvukela Paris. Yena ehalaliselwa umcimbi njengoba impi yokuqala phakathi kwesigaba sabasebenzi nonxiwankulu. Ngo-September 1848 waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye eJalimane. Lesi sikhathi wayeka e Lausanne (idolobha Swiss). Kube baqhubeka ukuxhumana esebenzayo ne "Neue Rheinische Zeitung". E Lausanne Engels wathatha ingxenye embuthweni wezabasebenzi. Ngo-January 1949 waphindela Cologne. Kube wabhala uchungechunge lwezihloko mayelana womzabalazo wenkululeko kazwelonke sabantu Italian and isiHungary.

impi yombango

Yaqala endaweni ningizimu-ntshonalanga nasentshonalanga German ngoMeyi ka 1849. Ngo-June kulonyaka, Engels zahlangana Kubantu Palatinate futhi Baden ibutho. Wathatha iqhaza izimpi olubhekiswe Prussia futhi Elbertfeldskom kuvukela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wazana nomunye Becker. Baden Kugcine kwaholela ukumelana ethandwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana kuzoba ubungane obuqinile phakathi kwabo. Ngemva ibutho wamavukelambuso lanqotshwa Engels uya okokuqala eSwitzerland bese eNgilandi.

Sebenza Communist League

Ngo-November 1849, Engels wafika eLondon. Kukhona ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe kuyi-Union. Phakathi neminyaka eyalandela ebhala ezihlokweni eziningi ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, ngomunye wabokuqala kwaba umphumela izenzakalo wamavukelambuso. Ukukhuluma njengelungu leKomiti Central weNyunyana, Engels wabhala isihloko, kumelwe zidonsele amalungu inhlangano. Ngesikhathi esifanayo senzeka umzabalazo wokulwa Schapper futhi Willich, emunye. They bizela revolution ngokushesha. Engels ukhulume ngodaba adventure isitatimende kulezi, babemesaba yokuhlukanisa Union. Lesi sigaba kwenhlangano yonke okwenzeka ekwindla ka-1850.

umsebenzi lesibonwa

Ngo-1850, Engels efika e Manchester. Ngesikhathi elapho wayesebenza enkampanini Ukuhweba kayise, owahamba indodana yakhe abe nengxenye ibhizinisi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Engels ingxenye yayo namanje ithengiswe. imali yakhe, kuhlanganise nombhalo kwakuwumbhalo esanele lutho akusho ukuphika cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhwameni salo wanikeza usizo lwezimali ukuze Marx. Kugcine ngenkathi ehlala sesimweni esinzima kakhulu. Engels okubhale New York "Daily Tribune" iphephandaba. Of izihloko ke igxile inguquko eJalimane. Basuke ingcwelisiwe imibuzo ngamaqhinga kobuholi esempini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uFriedrich Engels - umsunguli Marxism.

izingqikithi lempi

Engels zaziphila impilo nakho sasivumela ocebile. Kwakungisiza kuye ube yingcweni ezempi. Wabhala ezihlokweni eziningi enikelwe izifundo wezempi. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka inothi ngesimo iChina neNdiya, e-United States. Izihloko nazo elalinikezelwe Italo-Franco-Austria futhi Franco-Prussian neMpi. amanothi "Navy" futhi "Army" yanyatheliswa kuyi-Encyclopedia Americana. Phakathi nempi Italian Engels eshicilelwe leli pheshana engaziwa enesihloko esithi "Po futhi Rhine". Ekuphetheni empini kwalotshwa i-athikili mayelana Savoy, Nice futhi Rhine. Ngo 1865 it wadedelwa incwajana phezu Prussian umbuzo lempi German Abasebenzi Party. Abaningi yezingxoxo zikaCharles esamukeleka abafundi imisebenzi eyabhalwa jikelele Prussian. Uhulumeni Prussia ngokwayo izikhathi eziningana wazama ukuthola yokubuyiswa Marx no Engels.

International

Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-September Engels 1864-th phakathi kwabaholi balo. Waqala ukuba ngenkuthalo babambisane Liebknecht futhi Bebel. Ndawonye balwa ukwakheka SDLP eJalimane futhi Lassalleanism. Ngo-October 1870, Engels wathuthela eLondon. Kusukela 1871 wasebenza njengoba ilungu General Council of the International, elihambisana UNobhala eSpain Belgium, bese-Italy. Engqungqutheleni eLondon, Engels ngokuthi ukwakheka ezweni iqembu mbuso ka abasebenzi ngamunye. Esikhathini esifanayo baye babonisa ukuthi isidingo liqine ubushiqela yesigaba sabasebenzi.

umsebenzi uqobo

Kusukela ngo-1873 waqala ukubhala njengendlela sefilosofi German. Friedrich Engels zaqala "Dialectics Zemvelo". Kulesi umsebenzi obekumele ukunikeza nje okungaqondile dialectical izinto kuzo zonke izimpumelelo wesayensi yemvelo. Ukubhala umbhalo wesandla kwaqhubeka iminyaka 10. Kodwa Engels lokhu umsebenzi ongasoze igcwaliswe. Ngo 1872-73 GG. wachaza umbuzo izindlu, igunya, izincwadi emigre. Ngo-1875 waqala a ukusebenzisana Marx ku Lassallean wagxeka iziphakamiso uhlelo party abasebenzi German '. Ngo 1877-78. ezinye izinto ngokumelene Dühring yanyatheliswa. Kamuva, bahamba edition eyodwa. Le ncwadi ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli esiqinile kunazo zonke, wadala naphakade. Ngo-March 1883 Marx wafa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwaqala inkathi kunalokho xaka.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

Ngemva kokufa Marx, umthwalo wonke ukuze kuphelele futhi ukushicilelwa imiqulu "Capital" lesibili nelesithathu bawela Engels. Ngakho empeleni, wasebenza kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Nokho, baye ekhishwe nemisebenzi siqu. Ngo-1884 umsebenzi uqedwe umsebenzi, okuyinto isibe omunye ukhiye ekuqondeni Marxism. Lichaza umsuka isimo, yangasese futhi bayawuthanda nomkhaya. Ngo-1886 kwafika nomunye umsebenzi obalulekile enikelwe Feuerbach. I 1894th umsebenzi ishicilelwe umbuzo ongumlimi e Germany neFrance. It yaphazanyiswa pauperization mass sabantu.

Ukuxoxa Abavukeli Russian

Engels, Umshicilelo ne nesithakazelo esikhethekile isimo kuleli zwe. Wakwazi usungule uxhumano Lopatin, Lavrov, Volkhov nezinye ijubane-abenzi. Bona kuyancomeka imisebenzi Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky. Engels waphawula nobulukhuni yabo uhlamvu, ukukhuthazela nokuzidela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke zazibhekwa ukukhohlisa kwabo populist. Ehlelekile yayilingana nge Zasulich futhi Plekhanov. Baba nokujabula okukhulu kwamhlangabeza nezindaba ngemfundo emibuthanweni Russian yezenhlalakahle yokuzihlanganisa "Ukukhululwa wezeMisebenzi". Engels babenethemba lokuthola abanye abantu bakwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana okwamanje lapho uyobe Russia ugumbuqelwe tsarism lokunqoba inguquko sezenhlalo.

A indima ekhethekile ukunyakaza

Engels kubhekwe kufanele umsunguli ukukhulelwa izinto yomlando. Yena, kanye uzakwabo, ukucutshungulwa eyenziwa wezomnotho kwezombangazwe wobunxiwankulu. Bekanye Marx, wadala izinto ezibonakalayo dialectical, ubukhomanisi ngokwesayensi. Uchungechunge lwemfundo imisebenzi yakhe, wachaza umbono omusha ngesimo esiqinile ehlelekile, waqokomisa izakhi ayo ayinhloko, imithombo theory. Konke lokhu kuye kwaba nengxenye enkulu ekunqobeni imibono Marxism e ukunyakaza abasebenzi ngamazwe 'ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa isifundiso zokwakheka tekuhlalisana kutemnotfo, Lo mlando uye wabizwa eziningana amaphethini ezithile ekukhuleni komphakathi bakudala, lasendulo futhi inkathi amakhosi asendulo. Sachazelwa ukuvela endaweni yangasese, ukwakheka amakilasi, ukudalwa isimo. Phakathi kokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina, Engels alalelwa omkhulu ezinkingeni ubudlelwane phakathi eziyisisekelo kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe kanye superstructures ngemibono. Ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wakhe kugcizelela isidingo ukuchaza negalelo elikhulu nokuphila social imiqondo zezombusazwe amakilasi athile, umzabalazo wabo ukubusa, futhi emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni yabo ubudlelwane zomthetho. Engels nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni theory kaMarx yobuciko nezincwadi. Ezinye izindawo esayensi aye abe ngaphezulu umphumela umnikelo wakhe siqu, ekufundiseni. Phakathi kwabo - imfundiso yokuziphendukela imithetho dialectical isayensi yemvelo kanye nemvelo, ezempi kanye nebutho lempi.

Iqhaza embuthweni wezabasebenzi

Engels futhi Marx waphikelela ngokuthi ubunye izici theory kanye nama-practical. Baye ngokuhlanganyela uhlelo yesayensi, amaqhinga kanye isu yesigaba sabasebenzi. Yayikwazi bathethelele indima isigaba sabasebenzi njengoba umdali somphakathi omusha, isidingo kumiswa ephathini wamavukelambuso, ethwele inguquko sezenhlalo ukusungula uhulumeni wobushiqela wezisebenzi. Engels futhi Marx baba ngabammeli nemave. Ziyakwazi inhlangano wokuqala wezizwe abasebenzi ayehlelwe.

Imisebenzi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe

Eminyakeni yamuva, amasevisi Engels lilikhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuthuthukisa isayensi kaMarx, ukuze ikhulise isu kanye amaqhinga fresh ngokuvamile theory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqala umzabalazo wokulwa amahlelo kwesokunxele futhi ithuba, dogmatism ngaphakathi amaqembu sezenhlalo. Eminyakeni yamuva, wasebenza ngevolumu wesithathu "Capital". In nomaukandisa wakhe, uJehova wayekhomba ezinye izici isici imperialism - isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa capitalism. Phakathi yonke imisebenzi Engels, Umshicilelo kanye uzakwabo kanye co-umbhali kubhekwe enobudlova ukuguqulwa anti-capitalism njengoba esigabeni sokugcina zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi onxiwankulu futhi sabasebenzi. Kodwa ngemva izenzakalo 1848-49. Baye baba nokuhlolwa nizithibe ngaphezulu le ngxabano yansuku zonke abasebenzi amalungelo abo. I 1894th Engels impilo iye yawohloka kakhulu. Odokotela kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini kuye nomdlavuza emphinjeni. Ngo-1895, 5 Agasti, wayesefa. Ngo intando yakhe yokugcina futhi isidumbu sebefile. I isitsha lomlotha yehliselwa olwandle ngesikhathi Eastbourne.