I-anatomy ye-aorta namagatsha awo

I-aorta yisitsha esikhulu kunawo wonke emzimbeni, kokubili ubude nobubanzi, nangokwezinga lokugeleza kwegazi, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kwegazi okufanele kuzo zonke izitho kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba kuxhomeke kuyo. I-pathology yale nkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni womzimba womzimba isithinta kakhulu umsebenzi wazo zonke izitho, izitsha ezibekwe phansi ngaphansi kwezinga lokunqotshwa.

I-anatomy ye-aorta

Ngokwemvelo, lesi sitsha esikhulu sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, siqhubeka sisuka ekuqondeni kwayo:

• Umnyango okhuphuka.
• I-Aortic arch, i-anatomy yayo ethathwa njengokuhlukile.
• Ingxenye ephansi. Lo mnyango ubude kakhulu. Iphela lapho isondela ku-vertebra yesine lumbar. Lapha imishanguzo evamile yama-alkali iqala, lapho i-aorta yesisu ihlukana khona.

I-anatomy kanye ne -pography

Ingxenye ephakanyiswayo ye-aorta ivela e-ventricle kwesokunxele. Njengoba sesifikile kulesi sibambo sesibili, sidlula ku-arc okuthiwa yi-arc, ejikijela ngakwesobunxele, ezingeni le-vertebra yesine yomgogodla we-thoracic iphenduka ingxenye ehla.

I-anatomy ye-aorta kanye nendawo yezingxenye zayo kanye namagatsha amakhulu ngokuphathelene nezinye izitho zangaphakathi emazingeni ahlukene kubaluleke kakhulu ekutadisheni isakhiwo sezintambo ze-thoracic kanye nesisu.

Umnyango weThiracic

Kusukela ezingeni le- vertebra yesine , i-thoracic ingxenye ye-aorta iqondiswa cishe phansi, ehlala esifundeni se-mediastinum e-posterior. Ngakwesokunene se-aorta, kukhona umzila we- thoracic kanye ne-vein engaphelelwe amandla; Ngakwesobunxele - iqabunga le-parietal pleura.

Isisu

Lo mnyango uqala lapho umkhumbi we-aortic udlula ngendlela ehambelanayo phakathi kwe-diaphragm futhi udluliselwe ezingeni le-vertebra yesine lumbar. Emgodini wesisu isifo se-aorta sinokuzikhethela kwayo: sisezindaweni zesitoreji se-retroperitoneal, phezu kwamagciwane we-vertebral esifundeni se-lumbar, esizungezwe izitho ezilandelayo:

• Ngakwesokunene kwalo kukhona i-low-vena cava;
• Kusukela ngaphesheya kwe-aorta ye-ventral ehlanganisa ubuso obuphezulu be-pancreas, ingxenye engezansi ye-duodenum, kanye nengxenye yomsuka wamathumbu amancane.

Njengoba sesifikile ezingeni le- vertebra yesine yesifunda se-lumbar , i-aorta yesisu ihlukaniswe yaba nemizimba emibili ye-aliac. Banikela ngegazi emaphethelweni aphansi (le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-bifurcation, i-bifurcation ye-aorta, futhi iphelile).

Ngokuhambisana nokuhlelwa kwezingxenye zalesi sikebhe esikhulu, isifo se-aorta namagatsha awo sihlolwe yiminyango.

Amagatsha omnyango okhuphukayo

Lesi yisigaba sokuqala somkhumbi. Ubude bayo abude: kusukela engxenyeni yesokunxele yenhliziyo kuya emthonjeni wesibambo sesibili ngakwesokudla.

Ekuqaleni kwe-aorta ekhuphukayo, imishanguzo ye-coronary ye-coronary iphuma kuyo , indawo yokunikezelwa kwegazi okuyinto inhliziyo.

Amagatsha ase-Aortic arch

I-anatomy ye-arch inezici ezilandelayo: kusuka kwingxenye yayo ye-convex, imishanguzo emikhulu iqala, ithwala igazi ku-gace kanye nasezigangeni ezingenhla. Ingxenye ye-concave inika ubungako begatsha elingabalulekile, kungabi nelungiselelo elingunaphakade.

Kusukela ohlangothini lwe-convex we-arth of the aorta, amagatsha alandelayo adlulisa (kusukela kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele):

• I-Brachiocephalic trunk ("brachiocephalic");
• Umshini we-carotid ovamile;
• Umshini ongaphansi kwesobunxele.

I-concave ingxenye ye-arc inikeza izitsha ezincane zokugcoba, ezifanelekele i-trachea ne-bronchi. Inani kanye nendawo yabo ingahle ihluke.

Amagatsha omnyango wehla

Ukuhla kwe-aorta, futhi, kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba:

1. I-Thoracic, ekhonzwe ngenhla;
2. Isisu, esitholakala ngezansi kwe-diaphragm.

Umnyango weTrarac:

• Izitsha zamapayipi ezishintsha igazi ezizindongeni zesifuba: imishanguzo ephezulu ye-diaphragmatic, izingxube ze-diaphragm ezivela emgodini we-thoracic, nezindwangu zangasese zangaphakathi zangaphakathi ze-intercostal ezinikeza igazi emithanjeni ye-intercostal neqondana nesisu esisodwa, i-mammary gland, intambo yomgogodla nezinthambo ezincane ezenziwe emuva.
• Izitsha ze-visceral ezisuka egatsheni lesifunda se-thoracic zibe ezithombeni ze-mediastinum ngemuva.

Umnyango wesisu:

• Amagatsha e-parietal ahlanganiswe ezindongeni zesisu esiswini (amaphuzu amane we-articular lumbar, imisipha yokuhlinzeka ngegazi kanye nesikhumba sendawo yesibhakabhaka, izindonga zesisu, isisindo somgogodla kanye nomgogodla) kanye nombuso ophansi we-diaphragm.
• Amagatsha ase-visceral arterial afinyelela ezingxenyeni zesisu esiswini esisodwa (adidas, izinso, ama-ovaries kanye namasentile, kanye namagama we-arteries afana namagama ezitho azihlinzekayo) futhi aphelelwe amandla. Amagama we-arterial visceral afana namagama ezitho ahlinzeka ngegazi.

Isakhiwo sodonga lwamanzi

Umqondo we "anatomy of the aorta" uhlanganisa nokwakhiwa kodonga lwalokhu kunkulu emzimbeni wesitsha esiphezulu. Ukwakhiwa kwodonga lwayo kunemibono ethile kusukela kwesakhiwo sodonga lwawo wonke umthambo.

Isakhiwo sodonga lwe-aortic kanje:

• Igobolondo yangaphakathi (intima). Yisimbatho esisebusweni esine-endothelium. I-Endothelium iphendula ngokuqinile emasayini atholakele ekusakazeni igazi emkhunjini, iwushintshe futhi adlulisele emgqeni oshelelekayo wesisindo sodonga lwamasongo.
• Igobolondo eliphakathi. Lolu ungqimba luhlanganisa i-aorta ye-fibre elastically ehlelwe yinkimbinkimbi (ngokuphambene nezinye izitsha ezishintshayo emzimbeni, lapho zombili i-collagen kanye ne-muscle ebushelelezi kanye nezintambo ezinwebekayo zimelelwa - ngaphandle kokubaluleka okucacile kwanoma yimuphi wabo). I-aatomy ye-aorta inesici: igobolondo eliphakathi kwodonga lwe-aortic lwakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngamafayili aqina. Umsebenzi wegobolondo eliphakathi ukugcina isimo somkhumbi, futhi unikeze nomoto wayo. Ingqimba engaphakathi yodonga lwamasongo luzungezwe yizinto eziphakathi kwamanzi (oketshezi), ingxenye enkulu ebangelwa lapha kusuka e-plasma yegazi.
• I-Advent (igobolondo langaphandle lomkhumbi). Lolu ungqimba lwama tissue oluxhumene nalo luqukethe ikakhulukazi ama- collagen fibres kanye nama fibroblasts ezinama-perivascular. Igcwele i-capillaries yegazi futhi iqukethe inqwaba ukuphela kwezimbungulu ze-vegetative nerve. Uhlaka lwezingxube ezihamba nge-perivascular lubuye lube ngumqhubi wezibonakaliso eziqondiswe emkhunjini, kanye nemifula ephuma kuso.

Ngokusebenzayo, zonke izendonga zodonga lwamasongo zixhunyaniswa futhi zikwazi ukudlulisela ulwazi ulwazi lomunye nomunye - kusukela enhliziyweni kuya kwesendlalelo esiphakathi ne-adventitia, nakwehlukile.