Yini owesifazane okufanele ayenayo i-hemoglobin: imigomo kanye nokuphuka okungenzeka

Yini owesifazane okufanele abe ne-hemoglobin ekuhlungeni okujwayelekile? Lawa angamaseli egazi abhekene nokuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya ze-oxygen emzimbeni. Ngamanani ayo aphansi, izinhlelo ezinkulu zihluleka. Izindinganiso zokulinganisa zithinteka yizimo eziningi: ukukhulelwa, isifo, uhlanga lwesintu.

Imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-hemoglobin kufanele ibe yowesifazane, kufanele uzijwayele ngezincazelo zezinhlayiya zegazi. Umzimba onempilo kufanele uqukathe ngaphakathi kwemingcele emisiwe. Uma inani likhuphuka noma linganakwa, ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo kuyaphambukisa ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Ngokuhlaziywa, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukucacisa imbangela ye-malaise, ubuthakathaka, ikhanda, ikhanda lokuqwashisa.

I-Hemoglobin iyinhlayiyana yeprotheyini ebopha ama-molecule e-oxygen. Ukulethwa kokugcina kuyadingeka kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba. Futhi ngokubuyisela, umphumela wokucubungula uthathwa - i-carbon dioxide. Ukuhlunga kwamangqamuzana egazi kuncike kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

• Ubudala bomuntu.
• UPawulu. I-hémoglobin kubalulekile ukuqapha abesifazane abakhulelwe nangesikhathi sokugula komuntu.
• Ukutholakala kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
• Ukuhlanganyela komkhakha womuntu.

Yini owesifazane okufanele abe ne-hemoglobin esikhathini esithile sokuphila, ehlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa nezimo zangaphambilini ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hematocrit (amangqamuzana egazi obomvu) acatshangelwa.

Ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe

Kufanele kube yi-hemoglobin yowesifazane, funda ekuhlolweni kwegazi komthamo othile. Ukubala kusegremu ngalinye ilitha noma i-deciliter. Ngenxa yezifundo, isimiso sasungulwa, lapho imingcele yomuntu onempilo ikhona:

• Esemncane (eminyakeni engama-40) izinga liphakathi kuka 12.1-15.1 g / dl.
• Amantombazane asebekhulile angaba nama-indices kusukela ku-11.7 ukuya ku-13.8 g / dL.
• Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezempilo kuyamanani angaphansi kuka-5 g / dl. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abanezivivinyo ezinjalo bahluleka ukushaya inhliziyo.
• Abagijimi abaqeqeshiwe bane-16 g / dl.
• Ababhemayo abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayashintsha ngaphakathi kwe-15 g / dl uphawu.
• Ngezilinganiso ezinkulu kunezingu-20 g / dl, ingozi yokuvimbela ama-capillari yanda. Isizathu salokhu - ukuqubuka kwemvelo - kwenzeka uma uketshezi kulahlekile emzimbeni. Lesi simo sichazwa ukwehla kwama-erythrocytes eplasma.

Kwabesifazane, izinga le-hemoglobin liguquguquka njalo. Okwamanje izinkomba zenyanga zihlukile ezinsukwini ezijwayelekile.

Ukukhulelwa kanye negazi kubalwa

Lokho i-hemoglobin kufanele ibe ngowesifazane okhulelwe kunqunywa udokotela oya khona. Esimweni ngasinye, ukungaziphathi kahle kuvunyelwe, okuchazwa yizinto ezingenasici zomzimba. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo luye lwasungula inkomba ethile yezempilo ye-11-13 g / dl.

Ukuncipha kwe-hemoglobin kubangelwa ukwanda kwevolumu yegazi. Iba ngamaphesenti ama-50%, futhi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu akhule ngo-20% kuphela. Lesi simo sigcinwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi emzimbeni. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhulelwa umzimba udla kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-15 mg we-Fe ngosuku ngalunye, ngemuva kokukhulelwe sekudingeka kakade kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-18 mg ngosuku.

Amanani amancane okuhlola aphansi asho ukuthini?

Amanani ayancipha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa yini okufanele kube yinto evamile ye-hemoglobin kwabesifazane? Ithebula lesikhathi liboniswa ngezansi. Njengombana kungabonakala kuwo, amanani ahlambulukileko ekubelethweni nasekugugeni. Ukuntuleka kwezinhlayiyana kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane, izingozi zezinkinga zanda.

Ekuqaleni, ngenxa yokungabi khona kwe-oxygen, i-hypoxia ingase ivele, umthombo oyinhloko wezinkinga i-anemia. Kuleli phuzu, owesifazane angazizwa:

• Ubuthakathaka, isizungu, isicashu.
• Kudingeka izimboni zokuphazamiseka.
• Isifiso sinciphisa, ama-migraine avamile ayaphumelela.
• Ubuso bubunzima, isikhumba sishaya.
• Kungase kube nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo yesigqi.
• Ukwehlisa ukuvikelwa komzimba.
• Ukuphulwa kukaMark kusistimu enkulu yezinzwa.

Izizathu zamagugu angaphansi

Ngokusho kwencazelo yesimiso se-hemoglobin kulabo besifazane, bafika esiphethweni: kukhona umkhawulo ophansi wezindinganiso, emva kokunqoba ukuthi iziphi izifo zemvelo ziqala ukudala. Ngakho-ke, izici ezandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga yizi:

• Ukuqhubeka kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
• Ukungabi ne-folic acid, amavithamini (ikakhulukazi i-B2, B12, okudingekayo ekukhiqizeni izinhlayiyana ze-hemoglobin).
• Izifo: hypothyroidism, i-leukemia, isifo sikashukela.
• Izinkinga emva kokumpontshelwa igazi.
• Amacala enobuthi ngamakhemikhali.
• Ukuzila ukudla, ukwehluleka komzimba ngemuva kokusebenza kanzima noma ukuzama ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ukushisa.

Izibalo eziphakanyisiwe ekuhlaziyeni

Kusuka etafuleni kubonisa ukuthi yiliphi izinga le-hemoglobin okufanele libe ngabesifazane, izindinganiso ezingaphezu kwalesi bar nazo zikhuluma ngokuwohloka kwempilo. Izimo ezinjalo ziholela ekubeni khona isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinomoya ophansi: izintaba, ama-cave angaphansi komhlaba noma amaminerali, izikhungo zezimboni ezingcolile. Umuntu kufanele aqaphele izimo futhi azichazele kudokotela, uma ekhona, ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuwohloka kwenhlalakahle. Ukuphambuka okubalwe kuvunyelwe futhi kudlule uma ukuphumula kombhede kubonakala.

Ukwanda okungalindelekile kwe-hemoglobin kubonisa inqubo eyingozi emzimbeni:

• Isifo senhliziyo: ingxube ye-organ.
• Sikashukela.
• Izinqubo eziqhubekayo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
• Foci ukuvuvukala emaphashini noma enhliziyweni.

Ngezilinganiso ezidlula u-180 g / dl, indlala enamandla ye-oksijini yenzeka kuze kube khona ukugeleza kwegazi. Emaphethelweni abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikhono lokucabanga liwa ngokushesha, lo muntu uphazamiseka. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin, umuntu uthola i-thromboembolism, edinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ungalungisa kanjani isimo?

Manje, yini okufanele ibe i-hemoglobin kumuntu onempilo ngokuqinisekile eqondakalayo, kubalulekile ukuyigcina ngezikhathi ezichazwe. Izinkinga ziyasizwa ngokubuyiselwa kwensimbi esetshenzisiwe. Udokotela ozofika uzongcoma imithi ephumelelayo kubantu abakhulelwe noma abagulayo. Uhlobo lwezokwelapha lukhethwe ngamunye esimweni ngasinye.

Imiphumela yokuhlaziya ijaji mayelana nokwehla noma ukwanda kwe-hemoglobin. Esikhathini sokunakekelwa okujulile, izilinganiso ngezikhathi zezinkomba ziyenziwa. Uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa kulungiswa. Amacala amakhulu aqondiswa esibhedlela:

• Yenza ukumpontshelwa kwesakhiwo se-erythrocyte segazi.
• I-dropper igcina i-erythremia - igazi elibi kakhulu ngenxa ye-hemoglobin eyanda. Isimo esinjalo siyingozi, ngoba umsebenzi wenhliziyo kunzima.
• Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokunciphisa i-viscosity iba i-erythrocytaphresis, ukuthunyelwa kwegazi.

Izincomo

Ukubheka impilo enempilo nokusebenzayo kubalulekile. Inani lamavithamini namaminerali libuyiselwa ngokudla ukudla okuncane okuphansi kwamafutha, ngaphandle kokugcoba nokudla okuthosiwe. Ukudla kuhlanganiswa nezithelo, inyama yenkomo ephekwe. Lahla ukucindezeleka, uchithe isikhathi esiningi emoyeni omusha.

Amahalananda anconyisiwe, amaqanda abilisiwe, izinhlanzi kanye nezinsizi ezivela kuwo, amantongomane, inyamazane, inyama ikhetha isibindi noma ingxenye ephathekayo. Ukudlula ivolumu akudingekile, ukudla kufanele kube yi-fractional, ngezigaba ezincane, kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-6 ngosuku. Ukukhipha ukwakhiwa kwe-erythremia, abesifazane ngaphambi kokukhulelwa banconywa ukuba baphuze i-folic acid nomthamo we-400 mcg izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokukhulelwe.