Ukumpontshelwa igazi: izimo zenqubo

Ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyindlela yokwelapha lapho igazi nemikhiqizo yalo kudluliselwa kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye. Kule njongo, kusetshenziselwa igazi lokunikela kuphela. Inqubo enjalo ingasindisa impilo yomuntu, uma kutholakala ukulahleka kwegazi okuningi, futhi umzimba awukwazi ukuwukhipha owodwa. Ngokuvamile, kunezinkomba eziningi, lapho kutholakala khona ukumpontshelwa igazi: ukulahleka kwegazi okujulile (nge-traumatic, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nokukhulelwa komlomo wesibeletho nesibhakabhaka), i-anemia engapheli, ukuphuma kwegazi okwesikhathi eside, kunciphisa ukumelana (okuvame kwenzeka ngaphambili futhi Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa), izimo eziphazamisayo, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe, kanye nokukhathazeka kwe-coagulation. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo inqunywe izifo ze-hematological, izifo ze-purulent-septic nezinhlobo ezimbi ze-toxicosis.

Kodwa-ke, ukumpontshelwa igazi kunezinamba eziningi zokuphikisana: isifo senhliziyo esiphundukile , ukwehluleka kwenqenqemeni, isibungu somoya, isifo sofuba, ukungenwa kwe-myocardial kanye nokutholakala kohlobo olunamandla lwe-hypertension.

Iqiniso liwukuthi inqubo enjalo ingabangela imiphumela embi emzimbeni, kuze kube semphumela obulalayo. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje, odokotela baye bahlakulela isimiso sokugcina kahle, ukugaya igazi kanye nekhono lokumpontshelwa igazi.

Ngakho-ke, igazi kumele lihlolwe i-HIV. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kanye nokulondolozwa kwegazi okutholiwe kwenziwa eziteshini ezikhethekile zokumpontshelwa igazi. Isitoreji senziwa ekushiseni kwama-5 kuya kwangu-7 degrees ngaphezu kwezinga. Ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa, igazi lifudumala ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungenziwa ngokuqondile (kusuka kumnikeli ukuya kumamukeli) noma ngokungaqondile (igazi liqoqwe ku-vial eline-preservative). Ukumpontshelwa ngokuqondile kusetshenziswe ngokweqile kakhulu. Izinkomba ziyiziphuzo ezimbi zegazi, ukuphuma kwegazi isikhathi eside kwiziguli eziphethwe yi-hemophilia, nokuba khona kokushaqeka okuphawulekayo kwebanga lesi-3, kodwa kuhlangene nokulahlekelwa kwegazi okungaba ngu-25-45%. Abanikeli balolu hlobo lokumpontshelwa kufanele kuqala bahlolwe esiteshini sokumpontshelwa igazi. Lapho uqhuba izifundo ezidingekayo bese esivumelanisiwe ekusebenzeni.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukumpontshelwa igazi kungenzeka kuphela uma igazi lomnikeli nomamukeli kufanele lihambisane neqembu. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukusetshenziswa kweqembu le-0 (I) kubo bonke abanye kuvunyelwe. Kodwa iziguli ezineqembu lokuqala zivunyelwe igazi elifanele kuphela, futhi alikho enye.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana kwamaqembu egazi ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa ingenye yezimo eziyinhloko zokwenza le nqubo. Ukuyihlola, kusetshenziselwa uchungechunge lwezinhlaka ezimbili (I), A (II), B (III) ezijwayelekile, okumele zigcinwe ekushiseni okungenani ama-5 nangaphezulu kuka-7 degrees. Ephahleni elihlukaniswe yizingxenye ezine, ukwehla kochungechunge ngalunye kusetshenziswe ngamapipipi ahlukene. Ngemva kwalokho, ukuthatha amaconsi ayishumi egazi ngezingubo ezimile ezomile, zengezwa kudonsi ngayinye epulazini. Ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kube khona ukuhlanganiswa kochungechunge namaqembu. Emaminithini amahlanu umphumela ungabonakala kakade:

1. Uma ama-tatu azoba nombala ofanayo, igazi lingelaqembu lokuqala.
2. Uma kwenzeka ukuphendula okungalungile kwe-serum A (II) futhi okuhle kusuka kwabanye, iqembu A (II) linqunywa.
3. Uma kukhona ukusabela okungalungile kuphela ohlangothini lwe-B (III), sinesigaba sesithathu.
4. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukusabela kuthinta wonke ama-sera, iqembu lesiguli esihlolwe yisine.

Kuphela emva kwencazelo yeqembu ukumpompela igazi. Ukuhambisana kuyisici esibaluleke kunazo zonke, ngoba ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa kwayo, ukuthembela kuphela ngamazwi wesiguli noma izihlobo zakhe okungenzeka kube nedatha engalungile, umuntu angafa uma ethola iqembu elingalungile.