"Ubhulu we" (82 mm nosimende): izici, izithombe

Ezigqulweni ekhulwini XX waba uhlobo ezibalulekile elihamba izikhali. Ngokwe-abasebenzi, benza zokugeza, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu, yakhelwe ukuhlomisa amayunithi inkampani, Ibutho, ezingeni regimental kanye kweminyango. izindlela Eyingqayizivele umlilo ekubhujisweni kwaba "Centaurea" - nosimende uyakwazi kokudubula Ukuvutha, futhi uma kunesidingo enze imisebenzi ngaphambili ahlukile izibhamu ezingontuluntulu.

Uyini nosimende

Ngomqondo zakudala nosimende - uhlobo isikhali olusebenzisa ekusakazeni jet kwakhiwa okuyinto phezu ukuthungela of iqhubezele kwenkokhelo. Emgqonyeni yalesi ithuluzi inquma isiqondiso futhi Isivinini sokuqala projectile, ngokuthi okwami kanye zimele enezimpiko munition. Fuse, ngokuvamile, oxhumene naye phambi ingxenye yayo. Umklamo ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa nosimende esikhiphekayo base ipuleti, bipod, idivayisi isiqondiso futhi sextant. Nalapha futhi, ngomqondo zakudala yokulayisha senziwa ngqo phambi ingacaci. Mina zinikezwe kusukela nomlomo we cap emgqonyeni ngokufanele ngesikhathi ezingemuva projectile wokhela detonator, okuholela ukusebenza iqhubezele kwenkokhelo.

Nokho, izigqulo eU.SSR onogada ngokuthi Katyushas. "Tulip 2S4" Uhlelo kubuye, naphezu kwesimo sayo ngokusobala howitzer, kungokwalabo lesi sigaba izikhali, nakuba ngokuvamile aye abizwa ngokuthi wezikhali self ezinezinjini.

ESoviet Union ke wamukelwa nosimende "cornflower" ngo-1970. Izithombe izikhali umlilo Manpower isitha kungenzeka inhlangano ephethe isibhamu. Nokho, ifomu begodu nesakhiwo igobolondo libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ingeyami. Ammunition has no sleeves, kuba opera. Manje kuyini lokho Symbiosis of izibhamu izigqulo? Futhi lokho kungenxa? Yiziphi izinzuzo zayo?

Ezigqulweni nezibhamu

Izizathu kungani izigqulo zisabalele, ezimbalwa, futhi bonke ezibalulekile. Lolu hlobo isikhali libhekene kalula isihlobo, ubulula, ebonakaliswa manufacturability, futhi silondoloze, high amandla yesiteleka ikhono amboze umgomo zivela phezulu, ehla ezulwini, okungukuthi, kusukela isiqondiso ukuphepha okungenani. Ukuze zokudubula trajectory ensikeni usebenzisa howitzer noma nosimende. Cannon kule ukala, nezindleko ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi isabelomali okuziphendulela semali. Gun, yebo, yiba zako, ukuthuthkisa eside ububanzi, osezingeni nokunemba, kodwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile ihlangabezane empini ngokuvamile, lezi zinzuzo kuthiwa offset. Umugqa phakathi izindlela ezimbili ezivamile ekubhujisweni osezingeni kususa cishe ngokuphelele nosimende "Ubhulu we", isithombe okuyinto salisikisela "Ubuhlobo" yakhe ngezibhamu. Kuye isikhundla umgqomo, kuba sengathi esigqulweni, howitzer kanye nesibhamu evamile, ngokudubula ziklabe khona. Uma lesi sifaka izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo nenani elikhulu ngomlilo, isikhali eliyingqayizivele kuba sobala.

Umlando "Ubhulu we"

Umqondo udala esheshayo nosimende ludabuka ezindaweni post-yimpi eSoviet Union. Ngo-1946, umklami VK Filippov aphakanyisiwe usebenzisa buyisela emuva amandla ukuba ashona isibhamu, okuyinto icala breech. Ngo uqobo, lesi sisombululo awumusha, ngaphandle iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi lalisetshenziswa maqondana esigqulweni, kunokuba ngokushesha-isibhamu. Filippova ukusebenza yimpumelelo, ngo-1955 Unjiniyela: QAM umkhiqizo senziwa Army Soviet. Kuhloswe ukusetshenziswa ezimweni umile (casemates futhi izinqaba, eliqinile) futhi kwaba esheshayo umlilo nosimende okuzenzakalelayo. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngase ngikulungele futhi lwahlolwa okufushane emkhakheni Kama wathola igama F-82. Ngenxa yezizathu okungacacile, lesi sibonelo namuhla ngokuhamba ukukhiqizwa wayengekho. Ngo-1967, ngemva ezinye izinguquko, wayesalokhu wamukela yikhomishana isimo. Ngokwenkolelo elisungulwe wezikhali, wathola imbali obucayi ngokuthi "Ubhulu we". 82 mm nosimende okuzenzakalelayo kungaba nomlilo nge rate of RDS 100. / Min. nge rate yomlilo 170 imizuliswano. Umehluko kulezi izibalo ezimbili kungenxa isikhathi kwakudingeka ukuba ashona cassette.

Ukuguqulwa "M"

Eminyakeni ethile yenkonzo emabuthweni ahlomile wavumela onjiniyela ukuba ufinyelele esiphethweni ukuthi amanzi ukupholisa umgqomo kungenziwa uyekwa. ikhava Massive ukuvikela okweqile at high labadubuli isilinganiso, ekhishiwe, kukhuphuke odongeni ukujiya endaweni emaphakathi, uhlinzeka izimbambo ebusweni ukuthi ngcono izimo ukudluliswa ukushisa efeza indima emoyeni ukupholisa kurediyetha. Kuzo zonke ezinye izici, 'kwakuyizwe Ubhulu we "efanayo. Nosimende wabizwa ngokuthi 2B9M (modified), ngokusobala kulula ukuhlukanisa kusuka enguqulweni yangaphambilini umgqomo ribbed. Njengoba umkhuba eyengeziwe yalesi isixazululo sasifanele, ikakhulukazi izimo ehlane, lapho amabutho uhlangabezana nokuntuleka kwamanzi.

Yini "Ubhulu we"

Nosimende e version zakudala uphethwe sina iphutha. amandla ukufinyela kubangela ukufuduka lonke uhlelo ngenxa emhlabathini ukusonteka nemiphumela mechanical esiqwini. Ngemva shot ngamunye, ukubala has ukulungisa nemingcele nokuhlangabezana inhloso futhi. Nosimende kudivayisi "Ubhulu we" ivumela ewusizo ukufinyela amandla ukunikezela igobolondo amasha emgqonyeni. Umfutholuketshezi ukushaqeka wezinciphisi ibekwe emhlabeni isiqu ukukhonza ukuncela ngokweqile yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunemba Imiphumela namanje okusezingeni eliphezulu emlilweni ukuphathwa emgqeni. Ijoka inezimayini ezine.

yizinhlobonhlobo

Omunye izinzuzo "Ubhulu we" kuyinto yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi. Kulo ongakuthwebula ngezindlela ezahlukene.

2B9 ingasetshenziswa njengenhlangano nosimende abavamile, kuleso simo kwenziwa yokulayisha kusukela nomlomo. Nokho, i-main umehluko isibhamu yikhono layo ukudubula isibhamu njengoba ubuncane evamile ngisho ezimbi (kufika ku-1 °) engela ephakeme. Ukuze kokudubula ku "nosimende" Imodi, ezintathu izinhlobo amacala, nge wezikhali nezinhlamvu indlela okwakha lingasetshenziswa. Kukhona izindlela ezimbili: okuzenzakalelayo kanye olulodwa.

izinhlamvu

3V01 kwehlukana izinhlamvu shot njalo, okuyinto yakhelwe 120-mm nosimende "Ubhulu we". isenzo sayo eziyingozi, kodwa ngaphezu sifaka nezinye izinhlobo izinsolo, okubalwa ezuziwe yakhelwe ukubhubhisa izimoto zempi.

Isakhiwo kufaka ngaphandle ezimayini Shestiperov O-832DU, main Propellant icala F-832DU kwenkokhelo. Lapho Isivinini kokuqala 272 m / s linikeza uhla izilonda kusuka 800 kuya 4270 m. IMisa Propellant izinhlamvu kuyinto 3100 amagremu, izingcezwana kwakhiwa ngesikhathi sekhefu ukuze eziyisithupha, ngalinye linesisindo ngaphezu igremu. I engaba ukunqotshwa okuqhubekayo - 18 amamitha.

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izincwadi main Propellant icala okuhloswe ukungadluliseli kokuqala Isivinini okwami kanye ehlanganiswe umsila ingxenye, futhi awasho ngokuqhubekayo asebenza. Isinqumo sokwamukela ukusetshenziswa kwabo kubalwa lomyali, ukuze kutholwe uhlangothi injongo okuyinto nomlilo nosimende "Ubhulu we". Kokudubula ububanzi incike kukhethwa Propellant ezengeziwe. Ziyakwazi eside indwangu cheholchiki equkethe alufakwa esehlanganise annularly umsila ingxenye projectile ngaphambili isimame abethela by ezivamile buttonhole fastener. ukujiya yabo kunqunywa inani - 1 kuya ku-3.

ukuhamba Izinsiza

82mm nosimende "Ubhulu we" ukala 622 kg, ngakho ukuthutha umshini ekhethekile esetshenziswa. Ngenxa yalokho, avame ukusetshenziswa ingashintshwa 2F54 Gaz-66, okhethiwe. I isibhamu kuyinto ezisendleleni emzimbeni, ezimweni ezikhethekile (ushintsho ophuthumayo isikhundla noma ezinye izimo okungazelelwe-kuqala) kuvunyelwe yokudonsa. Ukubalwa uqukethe izinhlobo ezine (induna, umdubuli kambayimbayi, Loader futhi umshayeli nabalindisango).

imiklamo ngempumelelo baye bakhuthaza ngokuphindaphindiwe onjiniyela emazweni ahlukahlukene uzame ukudala i nosimende self ezinezinjini ezenzakalelayo. "Ubhulu we" efakwe chassis zilandelwa MT-LB eSoviet Union futhi Hungary, njengoba ezinye izingcweti e eMpumalanga Ephakathi , futhi namuhla ogibele enamandla American ibutho engibaziyo "Hammer".

Indlela ukudubula "Ubhulu we"

ukuthutha avamile njengoba kulula ngangokunokwenzeka, ithi ayifane i isibhamu abavamile, ku umklamo kuhlanganisiwe ugqoko kanye uzimele. Translations ku isimo yokulwa kuholela yokuthi amasondo osindayo phansi futhi ngikhonze njengomshumayeli wesikhathi ukwesekwa nesitendi Jack ne openers ohlukanisile. nosimende okuzenzakalelayo "Ubhulu we" lingavuswa noma sehliselwe, kuncike nemibandela labadubuli. Ukuphakama esiphezulu kokuphakama umgqomo kule sikhundla aphansi 78 °, 85 ° in the elingenhla. Uma ngokudubula esinanyathiselwe nge eyehlelayo okukhulu kuka-40 °, ukuze ugweme umonakalo izindlela kusukela imithelela phansi, ngaphansi pad Butt liyadingeka umbe ikhefu. Okuphansi kokuphakama engeli asetshenziselwa kuhloswe emgqonyeni e-Okuqondiwe zempi. Kulesi sikhundla, nosimende 82-mm "Ubhulu we" lisetshenziswa njengoBaba omnene anti-tank isibhamu nge ezahlukene elincane, kodwa ezinamandla.

emehlweni-panoramic inikezelwe umlilo oqondile, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba ekushintsheni yokukhanya okuzisholo (PAM-1). Njengengxenye imishini isiqondiso futhi idivayisi ukukhanyisa "Ray-PM2M", eyenzelwe kokudubula ebusuku.

ukulwa isicelo

Eyokuqala ezinkulu ukulwa yokuhlola impi Afghan baba 2B9. Izici of imisebenzi eyenziwa ezindaweni entabeni, ukuba yilo bezikhali phambi kwethu izikhali kuya ngokugcwele. yizinhlobonhlobo wakhe kanye nekhono hit okuhloswe ezifihliwe, kuhlangene ukuhamba, baye babemhlonipha, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se "Ubhulu we" amabutho. Nosimende ngokuvamile kushintshwe abathutha kancane armored MT-LB, ukuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukushiya isikhundla ngemva ambalwa ematfuba, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba umlilo ukubuya. Khona-ke kwatholakala ezinye amaphutha design. Ikakhulukazi, iteyipu yami ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola ku indawo evamile, futhi dosylka edingekayo buhlungu ezisindayo ngesando, owawungumnyaka njalo ngakwesokunene Loader.

Ngokuvamile, i-nosimende okuzenzakalelayo wazibonakalisa yinto enhle. Babesebenzisa kuyo izimpi eziningi eziye sekuvele endaweni ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezimpi ezimbili Chechen.

izici

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje akuyona imfihlo ulwazi mayelana nendlela nosimende "Ubhulu we". Izici futhi walahlekelwa nokuvikeleka ngezigaba zakhe ngenxa ukusabalala wonke kwezikhali emhlabeni wonke.

Tindlela lula ngangokunokwenzeka nesiqondiso eyakhelwe isikulufa yesifunda. Ukujikeleza Manual of ezinjengenyanga kwenziwe isiqondiso ovundlile ngaphakathi 60 ° kusukela mpo futhi -1 ° 85 ° (uma bevuselwa ngokugcwele Jack). Umkhawulo engaba ukulwa lesion kuyinto 4.7 km. Wendlovu bushelelezi Ukujikeleza ezimayini ukunikeza izibaya eziyisithupha kwesigaba umsila ukuthi kukhona isihlobo slant ukuba eksisi longitudinal. Cassette yakhelwe amacala amane. Abasebenzi izinhlamvu yakhiwa 226 imiz. isisindo Ubude imoto ifakwe kuyinto amathani angaphezu kwayisithupha. Ukuhambisa ke ngemgwaco ngesivinini 60 km / h endaweni emangelengele - 20 km / h. Esikhathini isikhundla labadubuli kohlelo kuyinto evamile imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu.

"Cornflowers" Foreign

isibhamu design ilula, yasekuqaleni nakwezobuchwepheshe. Ezweni alinaso analogue, nakuba ekhiqizwa masampuli manje Yabantu Republic. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, China usezuze ilayisensi womshini "isibhamu-hlobo 99" - ngakho e China ngokuthi "Ubhulu we". Nosimende ezikhishwe omningi, futhi manje akubonile nakuzwile ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba wamboza izimpi ilangabi.

Ulwazi mayelana ngabe "Cornflowers" aqukethe ku Army isiRashiya, ayitholakali okwamanje. Cishe, baye indawo ngaphezulu onobuhle ephelele.