Amamodeli inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle

Namuhla, kunezindawo onobuhle ezahlukene inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle emazweni ahlukahlukene. ERussia namuhla, kumelwe futhi kufeze lukhulu abe nesimo kwezenhlalo, hhayi ngamazwi kodwa nangezenzo, njengoba kulotshiwe kuMthethosisekelo. Eyokuqala kakhulu uhlelo nezenhlalakahle kubhekwa esungulwe ekhulwini le-19-German Shansela Otto von Bismarck sika inqubomgomo yokuphepha, esasihlanganisa isingeniso izinhlelo ezikhethekile amaqembu ahlukahlukene omphakathi. uhlelo enjalo yayibhekwa njengefanele corporate-ngoludala, njengoba iye igxile umehluko emphakathini. amalungelo ezakhamizi zincike badume.

Emazweni zamanje European, kukhona onobuhle ezintathu yezenhlalakahle inqubomgomo, okungase ngokuthi ngoludala, American-British kanye Social-Democratic.

Ngo imodeli kuqala, isimo unesibopho kuphela ngenxa yokucucuza nezinzuzo zezenhlalo. umfuziselo okunjalo ilandelwe eJalimane, eFrance, e-Austria, Belgium. ENtshonalanga Jalimane, okubizwa ngokuthi "umnotho emakethe social" olwaqala ngo-1946, umqondo okwakukhona ukudala izimo iSilekeleli Sokwazisa yezakhamuzi emnothweni. izimali zomshwalense wezenhlalo usekelwa umqashi kanye isisebenzi, futhi zihlukaniswe hlobo lomsebenzi. Kulesi imodeli, yezenhlalakahle umshwalense isimiso ilungelo ukuthola amasevisi kulabo abenza iminikelo esikhwameni.

Omunye oyisibonelo, ibizwa ngokuthi i-British noma American-British - uhlelo evumela uhulumeni ukuba izakhamuzi kuphela izindleko zokuphila.

Izinzuzo ezikhokhwa wonke umuntu ezingeni le mihlangano. Lokhu okubhekiswe usizo lomphakathi ukuze izinhlaka empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu. Le modeli inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle of hold isimo e-England, i-United States of America, Australia.

Futhi ekugcineni, esinye ngaphezulu imodeli seyenziwe eMbusweni Sweden. I social imodeli yeningi ubizwa nangokuthi amaNorseman, njengoba usebenza eziningana emazweni aseScandinavia - Norway, Finland naseDenmark. Imodeli zaseScandinavia degree of ukuhanjiswa engenayo nephumayo siphezulu kuqhathaniswa yangaphambilini onobuhle ababili. Abamele amaqembu ahlukahlukene social abe namalungelo alinganayo maqondana nokuvikeleka komphakathi. Embusweni Sweden Social Democrats wadala uhlelo wawusekelwe ilungiselelo ezehlela bonke amaholo ophilayo. Kulesi imodeli, yezenhlalakahle inqubomgomo elikhulu izindleko ezithwalwa isimo, ikakhulukazi obangela ababasekelayo sabantu yezwe. I indima ebalulekile inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle (namasiko, ezempilo, imfundo) inikezwe komasipala. Yezinjongo eziyinhloko abenzi inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni Swedish" ibizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi 100% futhi imali ukulingana. Ukuzuza iminqopho le Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa imali lokwabiwa kabusha ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo intela,

Ukuze Russia, ke Cishe bekungeke kube ezithakazelisa kakhulu okufana zaseScandinavia, kusukela ezweni lakithi isipiliyoni ngokubambisana nomphakathi incane, kodwa izinyunyana okulula ababuthakathaka. okufushane Social-yelinyenti isimo nenhlalakahle ezovunyelwa ukufinyelela ukusilela phakathi isimo, inhloko-dolobha kanye nabasebenzi. Ukwethulwa ekuqaleni we esikalini okuqhubekayo ohlelweni intela, njengasezulwini imodeli Nordic, zinomthelela omkhulu ukugcwaliseka okukhulu ubulungiswa emphakathini eRussia. Le modeli paternalistic inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle ukuthi uzoba nentshisekelo ukuba iningi baseRussia. Nokho, ukuza inqubomgomo yokuba nesibopho emphakathini eRussia akunakwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke kuze ukufakwa wongxiwankulu ohlulekile ngeke kukhohliswa ekubumbana kutenhlalo kanye ngokubambisana nomphakathi.