Society kanye nesakhiwo sayo

Umphakathi kanye nesakhiwo saso kungenye yezinkinga eziyinhloko emphakathini. Ezinye izinsiza zokufundisa ngisho zichaze njengento yesayensi. Noma yimuphi umphakathi awuyona i-monolith, hhayi into ehambisanayo. Iqukethe i-strata namaqembu ahlukene kakhulu (amazwe, ezenhlalakahle, njll), ezihlobene eduze kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe, ezenhlalakahle nezenkolo. Futhi bangazibonakalisa kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalezi zindlela zokuxhumana. Lesi yisizathu sokusebenza komphakathi njengomzimba owodwa, ubuqotho bawo. Okubalulekile kwalolu daba kuboniswa emisebenzini kaG. Spencer, uMnu. Weber, K. Marx kanye nezinye izazi zezenhlalo.

Ngakho-ke, umqondo womphakathi nesakhiwo saso uhlanganisa ubudlelwano obunzima nobuhlobo obukhona phakathi kwemiphakathi namaqembu ezenhlalo zabantu. Futhi bahlangana njalo ngezimo zokuphila kwabo (ezomnotho, ezingokomoya, ezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle).

Umphakathi kanye nesakhiwo sawo sithuthuka ngesisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla ibe yimikhiqizo yokukhiqiza kanye nezindlela zayo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvela kwamaqembu ochwepheshe, amakilasi, amaqembu ahlanganiswa nezakhamuzi zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kusukela kubantu abasebenza ngemisebenzi kanye nengqondo ngenxa yohlu lwawo.

Ukusabalalisa okukhona ngaphakathi komphakathi kuqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukuhlukaniswa kobunikazi ekusebenzeni kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza. Zombili lezi zinto zimele izinto ezidingekayo zomnotho nezenhlalakahle ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo somphakathi. Indima yabo yaboniswa ngesikhathi esifanele ngu-E. Durkheim, uP. Sorokin nabanye ososayensi.

Umphakathi nesakhiwo saso siqukethe izakhi eziningana. Okuyinhloko yilokhu:

1) Amakilasi. Esikhathini sokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi, ukwehlukana kwezindlela kanye nemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza, bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukene.

2) Izakhamuzi zasezidolobhaneni nezomuzi.

3) Abantu abasebenza ngokusebenza ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

4) Amaqembu omphakathi (abantu abadala kanye nentsha, abesifazane nabesilisa).

5) Izakhiwo.

6) Amaqembu ahlanganiswa isizwe, isizwe, ubuzwe.

Cishe zonke lezi zakhi ziyingqayizivele ekubunjweni futhi ziyahlukana zibe ngamaqembu kanye ne-strata, ekhonjiswe kuphela yizintshisekelo zabo ezifakiwe, ukugcwaliseka okwenzeka ebuhlotsheni nezinye izihloko.

Umphakathi kanye nesakhiwo saso kubonakala kunzima kangangokuthi akukona nje kuphela izakhamuzi zezenhlalakahle, kodwa kubaholi bezombusazwe kanye nezombusazwe ngokufanayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphandle kokwazi isakhiwo esinqunyiwe somphakathi, amaqembu omphakathi, izingxenye zawo, izintshisekelo zabo kanye nezinkomba ezikhona zomsebenzi wabo, umuntu akanakuphatha noma ngabe yikuphi umphakathi (okungokomoya, ezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle noma ezombusazwe).

Inkinga yesakhiwo senhlalo ihlobene ngqo nomphakathi kanye nesakhiwo sayo. Imelela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqembu ezenhlalakahle ezivela ngokuhlukumezekayo kanye nalawo maqembu nezinhlangano ezidalwe ngabantu ngokubambisana ngokugcwele kangcono kwezithakazelo ezingokomoya, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho nezenhlalakahle. Umsebenzi wombuso ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukisweni komphakathi ngokusekelwe kwezomnotho wonke amafomu.

Wonke umuntu kufanele abe nethuba lokudala, ngokuzibonakalisa ngokuzikhethela, ukuletha abantu izinzuzo, nokwanelisa izidingo zabo. Imithetho kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho kumele zivikele ngokugcwele isakhamuzi ekusebenziseni amalungelo akhe. Kodwa umuntu ngamunye akufanele akhohlwe ukufeza imisebenzi yakhe kokubili ukuvala abantu kanye nomphakathi wonke. Ngaleso sikhathi kuphela izinkinga ezimbili ezixazululwa: ukudala, kanye nokwenza kahle okusebenzayo kokusebenza komthetho kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi.