Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza

Ezimweni zokuncintisana kwemakethe, ukubaluleka okukhethekile kwenkampani ngayinye ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokukhipha ngaleyo ndlela ngenzuzo enkulu. Inhlangano efanele yezinqubo zabasebenzi iyisiqondiso esiyinhloko kulo msebenzi.

Ukubaluleka kwenkinga

Lapho ukhiqiza imikhiqizo, izinto zokwakha, imikhiqizo eqedile kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ziguqulwa zibe yimikhiqizo eqedile. Izingxenye ezintathu zisetshenziswa: amathuluzi okukhiqiza, into nokusebenza. Ngosizo lomuntu wokuqala uguqulela isimo sezinto, izici zalo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, uhlobo, indawo. Amathuluzi okukhiqiza asetshenziswa ekulawuleni inqubo yokukhiqiza yomkhiqizo, ngenkathi esebenzisa ezinye izinyathelo. Ngokubanzi, yonke imisebenzi ifomisa imisebenzi yebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwenkqubo yokusebenza kubandakanya imisebenzi yokusebenza yabasebenzi edingekile ekushintsheni okufanele kwendaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo uhlobo lwendlela yokukhiqiza, uhlobo lomsebenzi, nokuthi umuntu uthatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni kwakhe.

Izici zomkhiqizo wokukhiqiza

Phakathi nemisebenzi yokusebenza, izinto zokwakha, izinto eziwusizo kanye nemikhiqizo eqedile ukushintsha ibe yimikhiqizo ilungele ukusetshenziswa / ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela noma ngaphansi kokulawulwa komuntu. Ngokwenza njalo, ukuhlelwa okulandelayo kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kuyamukelwa:

1. Okuyisisekelo. Inhloso yabo ukukhiqiza izimpahla ezimakethe.
2. Okusizayo. Kubo, isibonelo, ukuthwala izithuthi, imisebenzi yokulungisa. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwebhizinisi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kubaluleke kakhulu. Noma iyiphi yazo ingabonwa kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Okokuqala, izinqubo zokukhiqiza zinkimbinkimbi zenguquko ezenzeka ngezinto. Kanye nalokhu kuyisethi yezenzo zabasebenzi abahlose ukuthola umkhiqizo ophelile. Esikhathini sokuqala kuwumbuzo wezobuchwepheshe, futhi esimweni sesibili kuqondene nenqubo yomsebenzi.

Izigaba zokusebenza

Izinqubo zezobuchwepheshe zihlukaniswa ngu:

• Izinga lokuqhubeka;
• Umthombo wamandla;
• Indlela yethonya kule ndaba.

Kuncike emthonjeni wamandla, imisebenzi esebenzayo neyentandokazi ihlukile. Lezi zinsuku zibhekwa njengokwemvelo futhi azidingi amandla engeziwe, ziguqulwa ngumuntu ukuthinta into. Isibonelo sokusebenza okungahambisani nokupholisa kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Izinqubo ezisebenzayo zingaphansi kwethonya eliqondile lomuntu onento, noma indlela yokusebenza, eqhutshwa amandla aguqulwa ngumsebenzi. Imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ingaqhubeka noma ididekile. Esikhathini sokuqala, inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ayigcini ngesikhathi sokulayisha izinto, ukulethwa kwemikhiqizo, phakathi nemisebenzi yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, isigaba sesibili sihlukaniswa nokutholakala kwekhefu. Kuncike endleleni yokuthinta into kanye nohlobo lwemishini esetshenzisiwe, inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ingaba i-hardware noma i-mechanical. Lesi sigaba senziwa ngumsebenzi ngesandla noma ngomshini, amathuluzi emishini, njll. Kule nqubo, into iyafakwa esenzweni sokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, isimo, isimo, ubukhulu bezinto siyashintsha. Izinqubo ze-hardware zihilela ukuchayeka kwamandla ashisayo, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, izakhi zezinto eziphilayo noma imisebe. Ukusebenza okunjalo kwenzeka emagumbini, ezitofu, ezitsheni, emabhati, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala umkhiqizo ongahlukana nalokho okushiwo yizici zamakhemikhali, umbuso, kanye nesakhiwo. Ukusebenza kwe-hardware kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudla, i-metallurgical, microbiological, izimboni zamakhemikhali.

Ucwaningo lwezinqubo zabasebenzi

Yonke imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe emabhizinisini eyenziwa ngokuhlanganyela komuntu. Esimweni sezimboni, inqubo yomsebenzi yinto yabasebenzi abahlose ukuguqula ezinye izinsiza kwimikhiqizo ethile. Njengoba izici zayo eziyinhloko ziyi:

• Izindleko zamandla nezesikhathi;
• Ukubaluleka kwemiphumela;
• Inzuzo;
• Isigaba sokwaneliseka nokusebenza kwemisebenzi.

Okuyinhloko yemisebenzi kunqunywa ukuhamba kwemisebenzi kanye nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi okudingeka ukuba kwenziwe zonke izigaba. Inhlangano yezinqubo zabasebenzi kumele iqinisekise:

• Ukuthola imisebenzi;
• Ulwazi nolwazi lokuqeqeshwa;
• Ukubamba iqhaza ngokuqondile ekuguqulweni kwezinsimbi zokuthenga zibe umkhiqizo ophelile, ngokusho kobuchwepheshe;
• Ukulethwa komphumela.

Okucacile

Inqubo yokusebenza kanye nokulinganisa kwayo kunikezwa yizindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ezisiza ukunciphisa ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukudala lula ukwenza imisebenzi, nokuqeda izenzo ezingadingekile nokuphindaphindiwe. Izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe zenza izinyathelo zokulawula nezokuphatha. Ukuhlukaniswa, okuqukethwe nokubunjwa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi kuhlobene eduze nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ibhizinisi. Kule ndaba, ukusebenza komsebenzi ngeke kuxhomeke kuphela kumenzi wayo osheshayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuklama kwemishini esetshenzisiwe, imishini yezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlelwa kwezinqubo zokusebenza kanye nezindawo zokusebenza. Lezi zakhi zidlala indima ekhulayo ezimweni zanamuhla.

Izici zemisebenzi yomsebenzi

Inqubo yokusebenza, izimiso zenhlangano yayo zibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile zanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Ezimweni zokuzenzekelayo nezindlela zokusebenza, izidingo ezingeni lezisebenzi ezenza ukugcinwa kwemishini zanda kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu kuzokwenqabela ukusebenza kwebhizinisi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi: uhlelo, ithebula

Isakhiwo salo msebenzi sincike esabelweni, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe kanye nokusebenza. Ukutadisha ukuhluka kwayo, ukuhlelwa kwezinqubo zomsebenzi kwenziwa. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngezizathu ezithile. Ngokuya ngezinhloso zocwaningo, khetha lezo noma ezinye izinqubo ezibonisa inqubo yomsebenzi kanye nenhlangano yayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi yabasebenzi kungenziwa yi:

• Izici zezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yamakhemikhali, izensimbi kanye nezokhuni, nezinye;
• Imisebenzi eyenziwa (ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zomsebenzi kulokhu kuhlinzekela ukuhlukaniswa kube imisebenzi eyisisekelo, yokusebenzela, yokuphatha);
• Uhlobo lokukhiqiza: lungaba mass, serial, ngabanye (ngabanye);
• Imvelo nokuqukethwe kwemisebenzi: ingahle isetshenziswe, ifakwe ezishisayo, i-extractive, yomzimba kanye namakhemikhali, njalonjalo;
• Ifomu lenhlangano yomsebenzi wezisebenzi: ingaba ngabanye, ngokuvaliwe, ehlanganisiwe;
• Isikhathi nesikhathi.

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lunikezwa etafuleni elingezansi.

Izimpawu

Ngokuya ngenhloso yomkhiqizo, imisebenzi yabasebenzi ihlukaniswe yaba usizo futhi eyisisekelo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi kunomthelela ekukhethweni kwamazinga abasebenzi, indlela yokuyibeka. Kuphinde kuthonye ukukhetha kwezindlela zokudala izimo ezidingekayo ukuze abantu basebenzise imisebenzi yabo yobuchwepheshe. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi kuqhutshwa ngokuya ngezinga lokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi kuzo. Imisebenzi yamandla yenziwa ngesandla noma isebenzisa amathuluzi angewona amashini. Isibonelo, kungaba ukudweba umsebenzi wokusebenza ngebhashi. Imisebenzi eyenziwe ngokuhlelekile isebenza ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi angaphezu kakhudlwana. Isibonelo, ingaba izimbobo zokugaya nge-drill kagesi. Ukusebenza komsebenzi wemishini kwenziwa ngezinqubo ezibandakanya isisebenzi. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe wenza imizamo ethile yokulawula izakhi zemishini. Ukusebenza komshini kubandakanya izinqubo ezenziwa kumashini nakwezinye izihlanganisi. Kulezi zimo, ukubamba iqhaza komsebenzi kunciphisa kuphela ukuphathwa kwemishini. Ngokuzenzakalelayo yizinqubo ezenziwa yimishini, ukuhamba kwamagatsha okusebenza, kanye nokulawula kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nenqubo ecacisiwe besebenzisa amakhompiyutha. Imisebenzi yomsebenzi iyancishiselwa ekulawuleni inkambo yokusebenza.

Imvelo yomkhiqizo nento

Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwezinqubo zabasebenzi, lapho imisebenzi ihlukaniswa khona ngolwazi kanye namandla-amandla. Esikhathini esilandelayo, umkhiqizo kanye nesifundo somsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe kuyisisetshenziswa (izingxenye, izinto zokwakha, izinto ezibonakalayo) noma amandla (amanzi, ezishisayo, kagesi). Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezinjalo zomsebenzi zijwayelekile kubantu. Umkhiqizo kanye nesihloko esimweni sokuqala kukhona ulwazi. Kungaba ubunjiniyela, ezobuchwepheshe, nezomnotho. Ukusebenza kolwazi kwenziwa ngabasebenzi (ochwepheshe).

Okucacile kokudala izimo zomsebenzi

Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zenhlangano yomsebenzi enkampanini kuthuthukisa ukuhlela nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi etholakalayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukudala izimo zemisebenzi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu ezindleko eziphansi ngokomzimba. Izindawo zokusebenzela ziyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko esakhiweni sebhizinisi. Ngamunye wabo kuyindawo yokusetshenziswa kwemizamo yomzimba yengqondo yomuntu. Indawo yokusebenzela kufanele ifakwe ngamathuluzi adingekayo asetshenziselwa ukufeza imisebenzi eyabelwe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ilungiselela izimo zokwenza imisebenzi (ezindayo, ezivamile, eziyingozi), izimo zokuphumula kanye nokuqashwa, uhlobo lwemisebenzi (ezizimele, ezihlukahlukene, njalonjalo).

Izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuphatha

Indawo yokusebenzela yenza njengenye yezinhlaka ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifundwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-theory yokuphatha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo lapho umuntu efeza khona imisebenzi yakhe yobuchwepheshe inomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni komsebenzi. Kuzo, kuye, kuxhomeke ekusebenzeni kwabasebenzi bokuphatha kanye nebhizinisi lonke. Inqubo yokuhlela izindawo zokusebenza, imisebenzi elandelayo ixazululwa:

• Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwendawo yebhizinisi;
• Indawo eqondile endaweni engalinganiselwe kuzo zonke izakhi zomsebenzi;
• Ukudala izimo ezikhululekile nezikhululekile zabasebenzi;
• Ukuvimbela umthelela omubi kubantu abangaphakathi nangaphandle;
• Ukulungiswa okungenakuphazamiseka kwekhwalithi eliphezulu kwendawo ngayinye yomsebenzi, ukuhlinzekwa kokusebenza kwesigqi, ukuqhubeka nokuvumelanisa.

Inhloso yokuphatha

Endaweni yomsebenzi, izingxenye zomsebenzi wokusebenza zixhunywe: izindlela, isihloko kanye nemizamo esheshayo yabasebenzi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ekuphathweni yikubekwa kokusebenza kwezakhi ukuze kunciphise ukulahlekelwa okwesikhashana nenyama. Ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi kukhokhwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha lapho kuhlinzeka indawo yokusebenzela. Ukuphathwa okunempilo kubonakala ngokufaneleka okufanelekile kokuqiniswa kwemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kufezwa uma amazinga akhiwa:

• Ochwepheshe abanolwazi;
• Ngendlela ephakanyisiwe;
• Ngokusetshenziswa kwamazinga abasebenzi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zesikhathi

Kubalulekile ukubeka izindinganiso ezifanele. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi esichithwa ngabasebenzi. Lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zingasebenza njengezilinganiso:

• Imizamo yangempela yomzimba yabasebenzi;
• Isihloko somsebenzi;
• Izinsiza.

Isikhathi sokusebenza siyinkinga yezindleko zabasebenzi.

Ukubaluleka kokulondoloza nokugcina amasayithi

Ezindaweni zokusebenzela, ukulethwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwezinto ezibonakalayo, amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha, ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwemishini kumele kusungulwe. Amabhizinisi akha futhi asebenzise uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamasayithi okuhlanganisiwe. Inikeza:

• Ukulungiselela nokwethulwa kwemisebenzi ehleliwe kubasebenzi nokusabalalisa imisebenzi;
• I-Tooling;
• Ukulungiswa kwemishini;
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kwamadivayisi kanye nokufaka;
• Ukulungiswa kwamanje nokuvikelwa kwemishini;
• Ukulawula ikhwalithi yamathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza;
• Ukwamukelwa kwezimpahla eziqediwe ezinqolobaneni.

Isitifiketi

Ikuvumela ukuba uthole izindawo zokusebenzela ezingahlangabezane nezidingo zanamuhla, ezisebenzisayo abasebenzi abanobunzima abakhulu, abasebenza ngesandla noma ukusebenza kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziyingozi kumsebenzi. Zonke iziphutha ezivezwe ngesikhathi sesitifikedi kufanele ziqedwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi ngokuhambisana nezidingo zanamuhla kuyimfanelo yabaphathi. Ukuqaliswa kuvumela ukuthuthukisa nokwandisa imisebenzi yamabhizinisi.

Isiphetho

Izinqubo zomsebenzi kanye nokuhlelwa kwazo ziyisisekelo somsebenzi wanoma iyiphi ibhizinisi. Ezimweni zanamuhla, ngendima eqhubekayo yokuzenzekelayo, izidingo zekhwalithi kanye nesivinini sokusebenza ziyakhula. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwemisebenzi yokuphatha, amamodeli wokwenza ngcono isikhala sokusebenza asethuthukiswa futhi asetshenziswe, futhi imishini yokuziphatha nebukhali iphela.