Kuyini ukuqhuma: isisekelo senqubo, incazelo kanye nezibonelo

Emvelweni, kunezindlela eziningana zokwandisa izinto eziphilayo, okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwezizukulwane nokuphila kokuphila emhlabeni. Ngamunye wabo ukhonjiswe yizinto ezikhethekile ezakhiweni, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Kulesi sihloko sizocwaninga ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yikuphi ukuhluma okukhona futhi okuphilisa indlela yokukhiqiza isici.

Izindlela zokukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza. Ukwenza ucansi kwenzeka ngosizo lwamaseli akhethekile - ama-gametes. Kulesi simo, izinto ezivela ku-chromosomal eziphilayo ezimbili zixhunywe noma kutholakala kabusha izakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba omusha uthola izimpawu ezintsha. Ku-gametes yama-asexual reproduction ayibambi iqhaza. Kuyisici sabamele bonke imibuso yokuphila okuphilayo, ngaphandle kwamagciwane, okukhiqiza ngendlela ekhethekile - ukuzihlanganisa.

Ukukhiqiza ngokobulili: ukuhlwanyela hhayi kuphela

Loluhlobo lokukhiqiza ngokwakho lungabuye lwenzeke ngezindlela eziningana. Isibonelo, ezinye izitshalo nezifungi zakha amangqamuzana okukhiqizwa kwe-asexual, abizwa ngokuthi ama-spores. Ngama-algae, ama-formations anjalo ayeselula, ngoba ane-flagella. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-zoospores. Ezitshalweni eziphakeme, ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual kwenzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinxenye ezihlukahlukene zegazi - ngokwemvelo. Kodwa yini ekhuphukayo nokuthi yenziwa kanjani, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokuhlukile umbuso ngamunye wemvelo.

Ukudonsa ezitshalweni

Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zezitshalo akuvamile. Ngokuvamile abantu abasha bavela ngokwemvelo noma ngezocansi - ngezigaxa noma izimbali. Yini ehluma ezitshalweni, ingacatshangelwa esibonelweni sesitshalo sezokwelapha ekamelweni Kalanchoe. Emkhawulweni weqabunga laso lamagatsha, kutholakala ama-tubercles amancane, ekugcineni athole zonke izici zesitshalo somuntu omdala. Naphezu kobukhulu obuncane, bukhulu kakhulu, ngoba kakade buqukethe impande kanye nokuphunyuka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izitshalo ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo futhi zenze i-photosynthesize, futhi ziphuze amanzi avela kwi-substrate. Njengoba sesifinyelele usayizi othize, izinso ezinjalo zingena enhlabathini, lapho zihluma zikhule zibe izitshalo ezindala.

Ukuqiniswa kwezilwane

Ukhiqizwa ngokuhluma kubonakala ezilwaneni. Ama- coelenterates, okuthiwa amanzi ahlanzekile angummeleli. Uhola indlela ehambisanayo yokuphila. Ngezikhathi ezithile, i-protuberance yenziwa emzimbeni wayo - isifo esincane se-tubercle. Ikhula, ithole zonke izici zomzimba omdala. Emva kwalokhu, izinso ziyanqanyulwa, futhi zidlulela ebukhosini obuzimele. Ngokungafani, le nqubo ivela kwabanye abameleli bama-coelenterates - ama-polp polyps. Izinso zabo nazo zikhula, zifana nabantu abadala, kodwa lapha inqubo yokuqeda ingenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa umzimba omangalisayo. Ukuqoqwa kwabo emanzini kwenza ama-coral wonke ama-coral.

Amathumbu akuzona kuphela izilwane ezingakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuhluma. Isibonelo, izibungu zamathpomms, okuthiwa iFinnns, kuqala zifake i-protrusion ephenduka ikhanda lezinambuzane. Ngosizo lwaso, imbungu ihlanganiswe emgodleni wamathumbu womphathi. Isigaba esilandelayo sokuhluma yilona ukwakheka komlomo wesibeletho kanye nezingxenye eziningi ze-helminth.

Ukudonsa amakhowe

Kuyini ukuqhuma, kungabuye kubhekwe futhi isibonelo sesikhunta. Ngamunye wethu waphawula ukuthi uma imvubelo ifafazwa ushukela futhi ishiywe endaweni efudumele, imali yabo emva kwesikhashana iyanda kakhulu. Lesi yisibonelo sokukhiqiza amakhowe, ukuququzela okusetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasebhakabhakeni. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-protrusion encane iqala esitokisini semvubelo, esikhula kancane kancane. Khona-ke phakathi kwamangqamuzana omama namadodakazi kukhona i-septum, esiza ukunciphisa umzila phakathi kwabo. Emva kwalokhu, le nsizwa encane ikwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Inqubo yokuhlunga in imvubelo fungi cishe amahora amabili.

Ukuhluma kwebhaktheriya

Ngokwesiko, kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi amabhaktheriya abonakala ngendlela eyodwa yokuzala - ukuhlukaniswa kokubili. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezihlukene zalezi zinhlobo ezikwazi ukuhluma. Lawa amabhaktheriya aphuzi, ehamba ngosizo lwe-flagella eminingana. Kodwa lokhu okungafani nomthetho jikelele. Ngakho-ke amabhaktheriya aqhathaniswayo, okuthi, ngaleyo ndlela, asebenze ngokucacile, enza abantu abasha.

Ukubaluleka kwalendlela yokukhiqizwa kwe-asexual emvelweni kukhulu ngokwanele. Ngesikhathi amangqamuzana efihliwe ahlukaniswa yi-mitosis. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, kubunjwa abantu abafana nezakhi zofuzo, futhi ulwazi oluthile ludluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane ngendlela engaguquki, kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwezizukulwane zabameleli cishe wonke amaqembu eziphilayo eziphilayo.