PIC-isilawuli. Ukuhlela i-PIC-abalawuli. Amacebo PIC-abalawuli

Lapho senza uhlelo, udinga ukuba umuntu noma into Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kokusebenza izenzo ezidingekayo. Ngokuba indoda ngempela eziyinkinga, njengoba kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inqwaba izakhi ezahlukene okukuvumela ukulawula umsebenzi wabo (transistors, resistors, thyristors, diodes, capacitors, njll). Kodwa bonke wesifunda eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinkulu zingalawulwa ngu abalawuli (MCU). Lokho abayikho, isibonelo, uzobe kuchazwe imikhaya RІS. Ngakho, liyini-PIC-abalawuli for dummies? Kuyini icebo labo futhi asetshenziswa lapho.

Kuyini microcontroller eli-

PIC-isilawuli (noma microcontroller) kuyinto ezishintshayo kusho ukwenza izenzo ezithile ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-ngaphambilini walungisa. Isici esivelele sesimiso abamele kulo mugqa imikhiqizo iyona kalula izinhlelo futhi ukutholakala yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze asebenze. Iqokomisa oyiyo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukubunjwa yayo has eyodwa kuphela Silicon crystal (isici sobuntu zonke microcontrollers). Ngaphandle-ke, i-PIC-isilawuli has inombolo ethile imilenze. Ezinye zazo ingasetshenziswa njengoba okokufaka okunengqondo njengoba okukhiphayo ingxenye, lonke abe isicelo zamazwe amabili. Imilenze kungaba yedijithali noma analog.

Ukuze iningi isilawuli umsebenzi RІS lidinga voltage esitebeleni - 5V. Lokhu kwanele ukuze usebenze kwimodi yayo evamile futhi enze uhlelo zilethwe phambi kwakhe. Ukuhlela i-PIC-isilawuli ngqo kusuka kukhompyutha akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yale njongo uMklami.

isilawuli umndeni

PIC-isilawuli ungekho ikhophi eyodwa. Umenzi ukhiqiza ibanga elibonakalayo microcontrollers, ngamunye ephethe izici zayo siqu, amakhono kanye nalokho esifuna ezingaba kwesicelo. imindeni Inombolo ngokwabo kunalokho esikhulu incike ngononina sici esithathelwe njengedifolthi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba wazise kuphela mayelana ngezigaba eziyisisekelo lapho kukhona imindeni emithathu kuphela 8-, 16- futhi 32-bhithi. Lezi bazabela zihlukaniswe abanye, kodwa ngenxa umndeni akuzona ngokwabo isihloko sihloko, okuthile ngabo futhi ngeke ukuqhuba ingxoxo.

lapho kudingeka khona

Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi PIC-isilawuli singasetshenziswa cishe noma kuphi. Sami microcontrollers ingatholakala amafriji, nemisakazo, imishini yokuwasha. Kodwa RІS ezahlukene imikhiqizo has isici ukuthi izifunda ku-PIC-abalawuli ezidumile phakathi umsakazo nayizimfundamakhwela kanye amarobhothi self-wafundisa. Ngosizo lwabo, ungakwazi kalula oyifisayo isayithi ukusebenza, noma kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Lokho kwenza ukuthandwa ngentengo ephansi, kalula izinhlelo futhi imali ethe impahla ezemfundo.

Sebenzisa i-PIC-isilawuli uma udala izimoto on the control radio, izingalo kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi kanye nezinye artefacts ukuthi kungenziwa, etheni. Kungasetshenziswa for okuthile okuzuzisayo - zithandwa isihloko ngokudala imishini self-ezenziwe othomathikhi, kulawulwa microcontroller. Nomkhakha we ukusetshenziswa sibanzi, futhi indlela efanele engenziwa cishe nganoma iyiphi injongo, ngakho wesifunda ngo-PIC-abalawuli kungabonwa hhayi kuphela okudaliwe amateur.

Software ukusetshenziswa ne-PIC-isilawuli

Okuncane isofthiwe kudingekile - ke uphawula. Nokho ngenxa ukusatshalaliswa khulula, ungasebenzisa futhi anikezwa isofthiwe nomkhiqizi ithuluzi MPLAB. Okuningi ngokunembile, isofthiwe umugqa (ukuthuthukiswa imvelo, compilers) MPLAB. Ngenxa inqubo yenkampani, usekhululekile, kodwa ezinye ukulinganiselwa. Ngakho, esikhathini esifushane demo version ungazama wonke amathuba, kodwa ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo ukusebenza uhlelo liyonqanyulwa. Isimiso esiphelele has a ithuluzi ebalulekile eyenza kube lula ukwakha izinhlelo, elula ukubheka ezihlukahlukene izindawo inkinga nekhodi ukuziphatha nokwenza. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inguqulo ye-umsebenzi ungaqedwa ikhodi nokwenza kahle, noma inciphise inani abalawuli ukuthi zisekelwa hlelo. Ngenxa iqiniso kufanele kusho ukuthi inkampani azigcina ukusekela abameleli ethandwa kakhulu kuphela.

Kunezindlela eziningana software olunikezwa nezinye izinkampani. Ngokuvamile, umsebenzi wabo kuyafana, kodwa kunomehluko. Ngakho, abaningi baye bazwakalisa Ukunganeliseki ukuthi MPLAB kuyinto engathembekile umklamo umsebenzisi ofiphele. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi kuthiwa ukubhejela nokugcina umsebenzi cutoff futhi Ukusebenziseka software yabo. Program PIC-abalawuli zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngakho lapha ngokuyinhloko kuyindaba of ukunambitheka.

Ukudala uhlelo PIC-isilawuli

Ukwakha uhlelo olukhethekile, ungasebenzisa isofthiwe efanele, ngisho notebook esilula. Lena sibonga kungenzeka yokuthi isebenza ngayo izilimi izinhlelo ezifana Assembler futhi C. Umehluko omkhulu itholakala inani imininingwane ebekiwe futhi sekulula nokuya kwamanye idatha imisebenzi. Ungakwazi kakhulu ukuzwa mayelana yinkimbinkimbi C, kodwa inhlangano nzima futhi kudinga indlela ngokucophelela.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma udala hlelo, kumele icacise okuyiwona isilawuli kuhloswe. Kungase kudingeke ukuba afeze eziningi ongakhetha, kodwa kumele kwenziwe khona isipiliyoni somsebenzi noma ukuzethemba, ngoba amaphutha kungaholela yokuthi microcontrollers ezivamile jikisa izingcezu plastic nensimbi.

Ukuhlela nge izinhlelo

Kodwa kanjani ukuze uthumele uhlelo athuthukiswe microcontroller ngokwayo? Kanjani uhlelo microcontroller? Ngenxa yale njongo kukhona amadivaysi ekhethekile - program. Bathumela amasignali kuya microcontroller ukuthi ukushintsha amangqamuzana kwimemori ngaphansi kohlelo. Ukuze uqale inqubo yokwedlulisela idatha ofuna ukufaka chip izinhlelo, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, exhunywe kwi-khompuyutha. Khona-ke, usebenzisa isofthiwe kufanele ugijime firmware. Ngokuvamile uHlelo PIC-abalawuli elisukela imizuzwana amathathu kuya emizuzwini emibili.

Amafomu program

Yikuphi uMklami ukukhetha ukurekhoda uhlelo kwi microcontroller? Kungenziwa cishe ihlukaniswe ezintathu izinhlobo: self-ezenziwe, ngumkhiqizi futhi imboni kwezinye izinkampani. Ukusetshenziswa ngamunye kubo has izici zayo siqu.

Ngakho, i-program self-ezenziwe kukhona angabacwasi ezishibhile. Kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo igcwele yokuthi kalula ujike idivayisi ucezu plastic nensimbi. Futhi microcontroller izinhlelo kungenzeka ezimweni ezinjalo ukusebenzisa nemiphumela ebuhlungu ngesimo shock ngogesi, ngakho kufanele unamathele ukuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uzenza kusuka ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile iwumkhiqizo nge amathuba kuqhathaniswa elinganiselwe mayelana umsebenzi ushintsho luhlobo. Kodwa ngo inethiwekhi global, ungathola inombolo enkulu izixazululo le nkinga ezihlongozwayo abanye abantu, nokuthi cishe ngeke akunike izinkinga.

UMklami yasekuqaleni kamakhi uzokwazi qualitatively benza umsebenzi wabo kunoma microcontroller. On ke kukhona isiqinisekiso, futhi uma ngemuva kokuthola kungaphumeleli, esikhundleni akunankinga. Kodwa kule scheme sezinto, lapho firmware PIC-abalawuli ke Kwenziwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Kodwa ubangelwa yokufuna yayo ngentengo kahle eliphezulu.

Program esikhishwe ezinye izinkampani, ububanzi sasivumela ebanzi izinto ezisebenza. sici wabo amanani aphansi futhi / noma ithuba ukusebenza namanye microcontrollers ngaphezu PIC. Kukhona "izilo" lwathandeka ukuthi anganikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene umsebenzi, kodwa ngenxa isidingo inqwaba compounds of kungenzeki intengo zabo ongaphakeme.

izici kwendikimba

Futhi ekugcineni, amagama ambalwa mayelana amaphethini isithombe. Kufanele ugxile imilenze ngesisekelo imibhalo eyeseka, njengoba schematically microcontrollers ngokuvamile ihluke langempela draw iziphetho. Into esemqoka ezimweni ezinjalo ngemvume iziphetho, futhi ngayo kuwo futhi kufanele okubhekiswe idivayisi.