Izikhali zenuzi nezinhlobo zazo

Izikhali zenuzi namuhla zingenye yezinamandla kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kuqhutshwa amazwe amaningi. Ezinhlanu zazo zingabizwa ngokuthi amandla enyukliya. Lona yi-United States, China, Russia, France nase-United Kingdom. Noma kunjalo amanye amazwe ahlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni kule ndawo, kodwa angakafinyeleli ezingeni elidingekile. Imigomo ephishekelwa yiyo ayiyona imvelo njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwalo kufanele kunciphise futhi kugcinwe ngaphansi kokulawula okukhethekile.

Umlando wendalo usekude kakhulu. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezikhali zenuzi kwenzeka ngo-1945, lapho ama-US ewa amabhomu emadolobheni aseJapane aseHiroshima naseNagasaki. Kwakukhona inhlekelele embi. Ukubhujiswa nemihlatshelo kwakuningi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ama-echoes alazi ziqhuma azizwa azizwa.

Izikhali zenuzi zisebenza ngokuhlukanisa i-nuclei yezici ezinzima (plutonium, uranium, njll). Inkokhelo yayo ingaba nezinhlobo eziningana.

I-thermonuclear ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo. Isenzo salo ukwenza ukukhiqiza izinsimbi zokukhanya. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kubalulekile ukudala izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu, elitholakala ngokuqhuma kwe- athomu.

Inkokhelo ye-neutron ihluke kulowo owedlule ngenani elikhulu lama-neutron ekukhipha.

Okokugcina, icala elihlanzekile, elihlukaniswa nenombolo ephansi ye-isotopes e-radioactive.

Izikhali zenuzi ziqukethe uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo kanye negobolondo. Lezi izakhi zayo eziyinhloko.

Isikhumba sisebenza njengelondolozi lokukhokhwa kwezikhali zenuzi kanye ngqo ohlelweni lokuzenzekelayo ngokwayo. Isebenza njengesivikelo emonakalweni engozini kanye nemiphumela yendawo yangaphandle. Isistimu yokuzenzekelayo iklanyelwe ukuqhuma kuphela ngesikhathi esithile. Iphinde ivimbele ukuqhuma ngengozi kwecala. Iqukethe izingxenye eziningana: uhlelo lokushaja, umthombo wamandla, isistimu yokuqothula okuphuthumayo, izivikeli zokuvikela nokuqhuma.

Ukuze kuhanjiswe izikhali lapho kuyiwa khona, imicibisholo enamaphiko, ephikisana nezindiza kanye ne-ballistic kanye nezindiza ziyasetshenziswa.

Amandla wezikhali zenuzi enhle. Ihlukaniswe yaba calibers elandelayo: encane, i-ultra-encane, enkulu, ephakathi futhi enkulu-enkulu.

Izikhali zenuzi zingasetshenziswa emoyeni, ngaphansi komhlaba noma ngenhla. Ukuqhuma kuqhutshwa emoyeni futhi kungaba phezulu nokuphansi. Futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqhuma komhlaba noma ngaphansi kwamanzi okuvela ngokuqondile ngenhla, nangaphansi komhlaba noma ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Izikhali zenuzi zisebenza kanjani? Ukuqhuma kwalo kubangelwa izici ezithile. Okokuqala, lokhu kungumphumela womshini. Iveza inselele eshaqisayo, eyenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhuma. Okwesibili, lo mphumela oshisayo. Lokhu kwenyuka okuphawulekayo kokushisa ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ngemuva kokuqhuma eHiroshima, le ndawo yayingamakhilomitha amane. Kule ndawo, izinga lokushisa lafinyelela ezingeni lapho umzimba womuntu uphenduka khona umlotha. Futhi umphumela wokugcina, obangelwa ukuqhuma kwezikhali zenuzi, imisebe. Iqala ngokuqhuma futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Amandla esenzo ngasinye salezi zigaba sincike ekutheni uhlobo lokukhokha. Ukuqhubekisa into noma umuntu kusuka endaweni yokuqhuma kutholakala, okungenani izinga lomthelela wezikhali zenuzi.

Amandla angaphansi kwezikhali zenuzi. Yenzelwe ukubhubhisa izinhloso zomuntu ngamunye. Lezi zihlanganisa amabhomu ezindiza, i-torpedoes, imayini ejulile, njll. Ngokuvamile yonke yamandla enyukliya ahloniphekile anezikhali ezinjalo. Ivolumu yenani lala macala alidluli ama-kilotons amaningana.

Ubuntu bubhekene nenselelo yokuvimbela ukwandiswa kwezikhali zenuzi nokuvimbela umjaho wezingalo. Akusebenzi nje kuphela ukulondoloza ukuthula, kodwa kungabangela nokubhujiswa kwaso sonke isintu.