Umgomo we "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe": essence, umlando ekusebenziseni namuhla

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi abahlinzeki ezinkulu abathengi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izingozi ezingase zibe khona. Phakathi kwazo isimo lalivamile lapho awukwazi ukuthengisa zonke izinto lohleliwe ngokuqondene ukwesulwa omunye amaqembu inkontileka. Lokhu uhumusha ukulahlekelwa enkulu yezimali umphakeli. Ukuze uvimbele Ezimweni ezinjalo eziningi umkhiqizo supply izinkontileka (ngokuvamile kuyabiza futhi inqwaba), isimiso eyaziwa njenge "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe". Kusho ukuthini, ukuthi kuyini, futhi kanjani leli washi? ukuthi kanjani futhi njalo isebenza? Lokhu uzofunda ngokufunda isihloko.

Ingqikithi isimiso

Isimo "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe" ( "ukuthatha noma pay") is a indlela evamile ngoba ezinkulu, kuhlanganise izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Siqukethe okulandelayo: at isiphelo sesimiso inkontileka ku supply of isamba bavumelana imikhiqizo umphakeli umthengi lokucabanga izibopho ezithile. Eyokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi enikeziwe inkontileka, lemali izimpahla ngokuhambisana amalungiselelo esethwe womabili amaqembu amavolumu. Esesibili - ukukhokhela kunani elicacisiwe imikhiqizo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungakanani ngempela uthenge ngesikhathi esifanele.

Okwakushiwo isimo "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe"

Ukusebenzisa lesi simiso ukuze unciphise ingozi ukulahlekelwa kwezimali ngenxa ukungakwazi ivolumu nalehleliwe yokuthengisa imikhiqizo. Ngisho noma umthengi enqaba ukuthenga izimpahla inani eliphezulu (ilungiswe inkontileka), kuyodingeka ukuthi akhokhe yonke izindleko. Lokhu kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha isigwebo ngokwehluleka ukuhambisana ne nemibandela yesivumelwano. In imvelo ibhizinisi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isimiso 'ukuthatha noma ukhokhe ". Uma indlela ingozi ukuncipha okukhulu kangaka alisetshenziswa, umphakeli kuzofuneka ukuthi siyifake ku-formula zamanani.

Indaba isimiso 'ukuthatha noma ukhokhe "

Ngokokuqala ngqá, uhlelo ukwakha ubudlelwano phakathi abahlanganyeli esivumelwaneni supply yethulwa ngasekupheleni 50-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka eNetherlands. Kwakuhlangene ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Groningen gas field, eyabonakala umsebenzi ebiza kakhulu, wafuna izinto ngenkani utshalomali zomphakathi nengqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye ukukhiqizwa gas. Kuchithwe imali eyayidingeka ukuze ubuyele, futhi kungenziwa kwadingeka eyodwa kuphela indlela - ukuqinisekisa benezincwadi ungaphazanyiswa lemiqulu emikhulu igesi kanye nokukhokhwa ngokugcwele. Ngakho yasungulwa isimiso ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa namuhla "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe".

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe Netherlands isiphethe izivumelwano zesikhathi eside. Zinikeza lemali izimpahla kukhona counterparties eyisibambiso ukuthenga ngaphakathi kwenkathi ethile. Uma benqaba uhambisane nemigomo, wena-ke ukukhokha inhlawulo. Okwamanje, ungomunye wabafundi ovelele lesi simiso inkampani waseRussia "Gazprom".

Uma isimo akusebenzi: sibonelo esigqamile

"Gazprom" ebuhlotsheni bayo neChina kanye abalingani European ngenkuthalo osebenza isimiso 'ukuthatha noma ukhokhe ". Abaningi iziboshwa by izivumelwano leyahlukahlukene ku igesi izimpahla ube esiyiminyaka 25 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile konke kusebenza kahle, kodwa uma kwakukhona iphutha.

Imigomo yesivumelwano inkontileka esayinwe ngalendlela nenkampani Czech RWE Transgas, ahlukunyezwe. Umthengi wenqaba ukuthenga igesi lemali esalungiselelwa by inkontileka futhi engafuni alikhokhe. Ngenxa yalokho ezinkantolo (ngokuqondene ukuhlukumeza isimiso "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe") "Gazprom" kwaba ohluliwe. Vienna Arbitration INkantolo yaqaphela ilungelo inkampani Czech ukukhetha igesi esingaphansi eyayifunwa imigomo yenkontileka, ngaphandle kokuthi ukhokhe noma yiziphi izinhlawulo.

Isimo ukunganeliseki phakathi abalingani bamazwe omhlaba abafanele

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimiso 'ukuthatha noma ukhokhe "ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe inqubomgomo ukuthekelisa izinkampani Russian, osonkontileka abaningi ngokuphindiwe ukuboniswa ukunganeliseki nabo. Izimo ezinjalo okunzima izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe i-supply of gas akakuthandanga, e abalingani ethile, isiNtaliyane nesi-Ukraine.

Ngakho, inkampani Eni yayizowisa ukuba "Gazprom" ukwenqaba ukwelulwa kwenkontileka, uma isimiso 'ukuthatha noma ukhokhe "ngeke ayifakiwe amalungiselelo ayo. Ukunganeliseki ngezinhlelo abalingani Italy Ungaqonda, ngoba ngenxa ukushoda e igesi ke elahlekile eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,5. Euro (2009-2011).

kumakhophi Ukrainian Yaveza izikhalazo. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana inkontileka, "Gazprom" ukuze "Naftogaz" (kakade ekhona ngaphambi 2019) kuhlinzekelwe supply of gas e-Ukraine ngo inani 52 bhiliyoni. Amamitha Cubic ngonyaka. 2013 Isicelo abalingani bafaka 27 bhiliyoni kuphela. Amamitha Cubic. Kulokhu, inkampani kuyodingeka bakhokhe ezingeqile kwezingama-33 bhiliyoni. Cube. amamitha, kanye nezinhlawulo kungenzeka isikweletu e lemali zamadola eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili..

Abanye abahlaziyi baye bazwakalisa ukuthi inkathi yokuvelela izinkontileka nezimo elawula ezifana kancane kancane uphela. Lokhu kumayelana hhayi kuphela "Gazprom" Russian, kodwa futhi nezinye izinkampani emhlabeni wonke. Kuzokwenzekani, kuyocaca ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

isiphetho

Umgomo we "ukuthatha noma ukhokhe" kungenziwa ngokuthi kuyithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingozi ukulahlekelwa kwezimali. Ukuze abahlinzeki leli yithuba ukudayisa imikhiqizo yabo ngokugcwele, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho zokunciphisa ukulahleka kusuka "nedozakupok". Kodwa, njengoba kunjalo Akuzona zonke abathengi lokhu isimo kubalulekile ukuze umphefumulo (futhi kungaba ukukhokhela). Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa isimiso esiqinile kakhulu futhi zibikezela ukwenqaba uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Kunoma ikuphi, kodwa okusebenza (Nokho nezithiyo), kanye nezinkampani eziningi ziyaneliswa kakhulu nge eziyimbangela yalokhu.