Autonomic isimiso sezinzwa futhi izici zayo

Isimiso sezinzwa zomzimba womuntu nezilwane ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo - uhlelo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo futhi autonomic sezinzwa. Ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo isimiso sezinzwa olawulwa abaqaphela umuntu futhi kungaba ukumlalela, futhi autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ayikho ngaphansi indoda, futhi ingaphansi kolawulo equlekile.

uhlelo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo eyenza umsebenzi ezimbili. It uthola ulwazi mayelana imvelo izinzwa - ezifana amehlo, ezithinta receptor ekhethekile. Amasignali kusuka la mangqamuzana iwe kuziteshi sensitive isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Futhi uhlelo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo ithatha zimpawu kusuka CNS eziteshini motor ukuze imisipha yohlaka, okubangela lokhu ukunyakaza.

Autonomic nervous system - isimiso sezinzwa kuyinto umnyango olawula semithambo ithoni, isimiso se-lymph kanye igazi izitsha, umsebenzi exocrine nezindlala futhi endocrine, kanye nazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi.

VNS kugcina phansi ukuqinisela imvelo (homeostasis) emzimbeni futhi yenza umsebenzi oluhambelana-trophic. Ngenxa autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa, izitho zangaphakathi nemisebenzi umzimba womuntu lokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha zangaphandle imvelo kanye nomthelela wakhona umsebenzi ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.

Autonomic kwemizwa uhlelo (yama yodwa) ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: neuropathy emaphakathi. I-peripheral ahlukaniswe kukhona impumuzo, yezinzwa, futhi amagatsha ukuthi ukudlulisa kusukela izikhungo kohlelo emgogodleni kanye nobuchopho, plexus of izinzwa futhi izinzwa ganglia (izingxenye vegetative), iziqu nozwela, okuyinto aqukethe ganglia nge ezixhumanisa futhi amagatsha, kanye izingxenye vegetative besigaba parasympathetic we ANS.

Central Division VNS ihlukaniswe segmental (engezansi) kanye suprasegmentar (ngaphezulu) izikhungo vegetative. izikhungo Segmental asezindaweni emgogodleni ebuchosheni. Suprasegmental ANS izikhungo ukugxila kuphela cortex cerebral, ikakhulukazi parietal kanye Lobe ngokuqondile, ubuchopho olfactory, cerebellum, ngxenye, izakhiwo subcortical, kanjalonjalo.

Autonomic nervous system has izinhlobo ezimbili - nonozwela kanye parasympathetic. Ahluke ilungiselelo effector yabo futhi izinzwa emaphakathi futhi lwesikhathi reflex, kanye nethonya layo umsebenzi izakhiwo innervated.

I parasympathetic umnyango isimiso sezinzwa izinzwa emaphakathi emgogodleni zitholakala, ngezigaba zawo sacral (2-4 izingxenye), kodwa iningi lazo izinzwa Itholakala brainstem futhi isuka ngayo okuxubile nezinzwa cranial. I nozwela isimiso sezinzwa izinzwa emaphakathi emgogodleni zitholakala grey ndaba ingxenye wesibeletho kusukela eyesishiyagalombili lumbar amabili nantathu. izinzwa Ngozwela ukhulise kusukela emgogodleni kuphela ventral (phambili) imihlane njengengxenye izinzwa emgogodleni. Ngenxa nezinzwa parasympathetic ukukhonza umsebenzi ze- bronchi, basuke ayisesemikhulu, izinzwa nozwela, kunalokho, bandise bronchi.

Autonomic nervous system owenza zonke imisebenzi ebalulekile nezinqubo emzimbeni, kanye necala zokugaya, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzala. Futhi inikeza ANS isiqondiso ejwayelekile kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa komzimba, blood pressure, uqaphe umsebenzi izinqubo ezahlukene kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni. Ngesikhathi izinguquko kancane ezimweni zangaphakathi noma zangaphandle, uhlelo autonomic iqala uhlawula kanye nokulawula izindlela, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanele ukushintsha ithoni imithambo yegazi, ukulawula umoya, kusebenze umsebenzi ngokwengqondo.