Imisipha lwamathambo. amaqembu kwemisipha lwamathambo. Sakhiwo umsebenzi kwemisipha lwamathambo

Imisipha - kwenye yezingxenye eyinhloko emzimbeni. Zisekelwe indwangu, fiber kuyehla ngaphansi kwethonya amaza sezinzwa, ukuvumela umzimba ukuhambisa futhi igcinwe endaweni enjalo.

Imisipha asezindaweni zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Futhi ngisho noma asazi ukuthi zikhona, aziyi ndawo. Enough, isibonelo, okokuqala ukuya ejimini noma aerobics - ngosuku olulandelayo uzoqala ubuhlungu ngisho nalabo imisipha, khona lapho nakancane.

Ziyakwazi akabangeli nje kuphela ukunyakaza. Lapho esephumule, imisipha futhi zidinga amandla ukuze uzigcine isesimeni esihle. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi nganoma yimuphi umzuzu othile ingxenye yomzimba ongalalela ezinzwa amaza elihambisana ukunyakaza, kunokuba uzochitha isikhathi esiningi ukuqeqeshwa.

Ukuze uqonde isakhiwo kwemisipha, siphakamisa ukukhumbula izinto eziyisisekelo, ukuphinda ngezigaba kanye ukubheka yeselula isakhiwo imisipha. Siphindze safundza ngalesi sifo, lokhu kungaphazamisa umsebenzi wabo, futhi kanjani ukuqinisa imisipha yohlaka.

imiqondo Jikelele

Ngokusho okuqukethwe kwalo futhi ukusabela okwenzeka imisipha Imicu yotshani zihlukaniswe zibe:

• striated;
• bushelelezi.

Lwamathambo kwemisipha - side ijabulise isakhiwo, inani nuclei esitokisini ezingase zifinyelele angamakhulu amaningana. Zakhiwa kwemisipha izicubu, ehambisana ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene skeleton bony. Ukusikwa imisipha striated neqhaza ukunyakaza komuntu.

Izinhlobonhlobo zokukhulekela

Imisipha ezahlukene? Izithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko sizosisiza ukuba akuqonde.

imisipha yohlaka ungomunye yezingxenye esemqoka of the system zemisipha. Bavumela ukuba abashukumise futhi ulondoloze ukulinganisela, kanye abahilelekile emishinini yokuphefumula, phonation, kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Kubantu, kukhona phezu imisipha 60. Amaphesenti isisindo sabo Imininingwane 40% esisindo Imininingwane. Imisipha ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka ifomu bese isakhiwo:

• obukhulu othini lokuphotha emise;
• ipuleti mncane.

Ukwahlukanisa lula cwaningo

Kwehlukanisa ngemacembu kwemisipha lwamathambo luncike indawo kanye ukubaluleka imisebenzi yabo izitho ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Amaqembu main:

Imisipha we ikhanda nentamo:

• ukulingisa - umamatheke, inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye kudalwa grimaces ahlukahlukene, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukunyakaza yezingxenye izingxenye ubuso;
• chewable - nomthelela ekushintsheni yokuma umnyango maxillofacial;
• ezicutshini kwezitho zangaphakathi ekhanda (ulwanga elithambile, ulimi, amehlo, indlebe maphakathi).

Amaqembu imisipha yohlaka yomgogodla wesibeletho:

• indawo - neqhaza ukunyakaza etshekile futhi ukujikeleza ikhanda;
• Ephakathi - ukudala odongeni phansi ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, futhi ukukhuthaza ukuhamba phansi emhlathini, le hyoid bone futhi laryngeal cartilages;
• Nyakazisa ezijulile kwenziwe futhi rotations ikhanda, ukhulisa ukudala imiphetho lokuqala nelesibili.

Imisipha isithombe ubona lapha, banesibopho umzimba futhi zihlukaniswe imisipha izinyanda elandelayo neminyango:

• thoracic - ashukumisa esifubeni engenhla nezingalo, futhi kuthuthukisa ushintsho isikhundla izimbambo ngesikhathi ukuphefumula;
• esiswini - ke unikeza ukuhamba kwegazi ngemithambo lucwaningo ushintsho kwesifuba lapho ukuphefumula, kuthinta ukusebenza pheshana emathunjini, ikhuthaza ukugoba isiqu;
• emuva - yakha isimiso sokutshuza wemikhawulo engenhla.

imisipha esitho:

• phezulu - akhiwe kwemisipha izicubu we ibhande ehlombe esitho elingenhla khulula, ngokusiza ukuhambisa ingalo ehlombe egobolondweni lelunga bese udala ukunyakaza esihlakaleni neminwe;
• aphansi - ingafeza lukhulu kule nhlangano lomuntu emkhathini, ihlukaniswe imisipha kwebhande okhalo kanye khulula ingxenye.

Isakhiwo imisipha lwamathambo

Ngo oyiyo, it has a inombolo enkulu imisipha Imicu ukuma side nge ububanzi microns 10 kuya ku-100, ubude bazo zokhahlamba kusuka 1 kuya ku-12 cm zesivikelo sesifuba (microfibrils) umncane -. Actin, futhi obukhulu - myosin.

Eyokuqala siqukethe iprotheni kokuba isakhiwo fibrillar. Wabiza actin. Imicu yotshani abajonqile aqukethe yiluphi uhlobo myosin. Basuke izimpawu isikhathi adingekayo yokubola ATP amangqamuzana, okuholela ngesivinini entengo ezahlukene.

Myosin e bushelelezi imisipha amaseli etholakala isimo abahlakazekile bengaba, nakuba kukhona semali amaprotheni, okuyinto yena, kuyinto mnogoznachaschim e nokunwetshiwe tonic Kufinyeta.

Isakhiwo imisipha lwamathambo iyafana intambo elukiwe noma balahleke wire zesivikelo sesifuba. Top emhlabeni ikhava yakhe ezondile ezicutshini ngokuthi epimizium. On ubuso bayo kwangaphakathi ezijulile imisipha Suka zikanokusho ekhelini ezicutshini, ukudala ngodonga. Basuke "zihambisana" izinyanda ngabanye kwemisipha izicubu, aqukethe-100 kuzo zonke lezi fibrils. Basuke ezijulile suka legatsha elincane.

Kukho konke izingqimba kule imisipha yohlaka zingene izinhlelo kwegazi futhi ethukile. Arterial Vienna egobhoza perimiziuma - a ezicutshini ukumboza izinyanda kwemisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Arterial futhi capillary emithambo yegazi zitholakala eseduze.

inqubo yokuthuthukisa

imisipha yohlaka ukuthuthukisa kusukela mesoderm. Kusukela somites inkatho sezinzwa kwakhiwa. Lapho isikhathi bona abelwe myotomes. amaseli wabo, ukuthatha ngesimo lokuphotha, ivela myoblasts, okuyinto zihlukaniswe. Ezinye zazo ayathuthuka, kuyilapho abanye zihlala zinjalo futhi ifomu miosatellitotsity.

Ingxenye ezincane myoblasts ngenxa uxhumane besigxobo kwenza ukuxhumana nomunye ngaphezulu loxhumana zone plasmalemma iba yingxenye yomhlabathi. Ngenxa Fusion yengqamuzana symplasts. Ziyashukumisa abasha undifferentiated imisipha amaseli, etholakala imvelo okufanayo engaphansi myosymplasts ulwelwesi.

Lwamathambo imisipha umsebenzi

Lena ngesisekelo ezicutshini of the system zemisipha. Uma sinamandla, umzimba lula ukulondoloza sikhundla lengiyo, futhi ematfuba nesenzakalo of ukugobeka komhlandla ngithukulule noma zincishiswe. On kochwepheshe ukwazi zonke ezemidlalo, ngakho sicabanga nendima eyadlalwa imisipha.

Contractile lwamathambo kwemisipha izicubu emzimbeni womuntu imisebenzi eziningi ezahlukene, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukuma efanele emzimbeni kanye nokuxhumana yezingxenye zayo nomunye.

Imisipha enze le misebenzi elandelayo:

• ukunikeza ukuhamba umzimba;
• singalazisa ukushisa amandla elakheka ngaphakathi emzimbeni;
• lula ukuhamba mpo kanye nokugcinwa esikhaleni;
• nomthelela ekuncishisweni yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula kanye usizo nge ukugwinya;
• balolonge ulingisa;
• kufakwa isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukushisa.

ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo

Lapho imisipha uyaphumula, siyohlale ukungezwani okuncane, ngokuthi imisipha ithoni. Kumiswa It is ngenxa amaza ezincane pulsed ukuthi ufake imisipha emgogodleni. umphumela yabo kubangelwa amasignali ukuthi zingene kusukela ekhanda kuya motoneurons umgogodla. Imisipha ithoni futhi kuncike isimo sabo jikelele:

• esisuka;
• ukugcwalisa ezingeni kwemisipha emigodleni;
• igazi nokunonophala;
• inani lamanzi kanye nosawoti ibhalansi.

Man unekhono lungisa izinga kwemisipha umthwalo. Ngenxa yalokho ukuvivinya umzimba isikhathi eside noma ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo futhi ethukile uhlobo okungalindelekile imisipha ithoni iyakhula.

Ukusikwa imisipha yohlaka nezinhlobonhlobo zazo

Lokhu kusebenza ayisisekelo. Kodwa ngisho yena, ngobulula sobala, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana.

Izinhlobo contractile imisipha:

• isotonic - ikhono kwemisipha izicubu mfushane ngaphandle ushintsho kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba imisipha;
• Icwecwe eliqophayo - ukusabela fibre incipha, kodwa ubude bayo ayiguquki;
• auksotonicheskie - inqubo ukusikwa nezicubu imisipha, lapho ubude ukungezwani kwemisipha ngaphansi izinguquko.

Ake sihlole le nqubo kabanzi

Okokuqala, ubuchopho uthumela izinhlelo kwemizwa ngokusebenzisa ishayela lapho ufinyelela namangqamuzana ezinzwa motor ezakhelene lenqwaba kwemisipha. Okulandelayo izinzwa efferent innervated ka vesicle anokulandisa okufanayo, futhi wadedelwa neurotransmitter. Sihlanganisa ne-receptor phezu sarcolemma kwemisipha zemicu kuvula isiteshi sodium, okuholela ulwelwesi depolarization, okubangela i engaba isinyathelo. Lapho neurotransmitter eyanele ishukumise ukukhiqizwa kwe-calcium ion. It ke uxhuma troponin kudaleke ukusikwa yayo. Lokho kubanika, ukudansela isiginci sakhe tropomeazin, okuvumela ukuxhuma actin futhi myosin.

Khona-ke le nqubo iqale kabusha actin intambo ngokuhambisa isihlobo myosin, lapho kukhona ukwehliswa kwemisipha lwamathambo. Ukuze uqonde inqubo ukusikwa striated imisipha izinyanda ngeke ukumelwa kwendikimba.

Umgomo we operation ye imisipha yohlaka

Ukuxhumana inombolo enkulu kwemisipha izinyanda kunomthelela ukunyakaza ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.

Umsebenzi we imisipha yohlaka singenzeka elandelayo izindlela:

• imisipha synergists ukusebenza kwelinye direction;
• imisipha omelene sandla ekuzuzeni ukunyakaza obuhlukile voltage.

isinyathelo abanenkani imisipha ingenye yezinto eziyinhloko emsebenzini of the system zemisipha. Ekusebenziseni noma yisiphi isenzo emsebenzini ayihlanganisi kuphela le micu imisipha, ezenza kube, kodwa abaphikisi babo. Isiza ukuba simelane ukunyakaza futhi unike concreteness futhi umusa.

Striated imisipha lwamathambo lapho zihlatshwa joint kwenza umsebenzi onzima. uhlamvu wakhe kunqunywa indawo eksisi ngokuhlanganyela kanye Isimo eyisihlobo imisipha.

Eminye imisebenzi yakwa-imisipha yohlaka kuthiwa kokubikwa, futhi ngokuvamile musa ukukhuluma ngazo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye imishayo kukhona isigwedlo ngoba amathambo.

Sebenza imisipha emangqamuzaneni

Isenzo imisipha yohlaka ngezithukuthuku amaprotheni amabili: actin futhi myosin. Lezi zingxenye ayakwazi ukuthuthela isihlobo komunye nomunye.

Ukuze kahle kwemisipha izicubu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla, eziqukethwe izibopho amakhemikhali organic compounds. Noqhekeko kanye namachibi izinto zenzeka bemisipha. Lapha, umoya ngempela isipho, futhi amandla ukhululeka 33% wezindleko esichithwa umthamo kwemisipha izicubu ukusebenza, futhi 67% udluliselwa nezinye izicubu futhi kungachithwa ukuze kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa emzimbeni njalo.

Izifo imisipha lwamathambo

Ezimweni eziningi, kwezinso ukusebenza imisipha ngenxa isimo sokugembula isimiso sezinzwa wemfanelo.

I zokugula ezivamile imisipha lwamathambo:

• Imisipha amajaqamba - electrolyte Ukungadli uketshezi extracellular ezizungezile kwemisipha futhi nezinzwa kanye obuhlukahlukene ingcindezi osmotic kuwo, ikakhulukazi izithelo zalo.
• tetany Hypocalcemic - okungalindelekile ukusikwa tetanic of imisipha yohlaka, amqaphela kokuwa extracellular lokuhlushwa Ca2 + kuze kube u-40% amazinga evamile.
• sokuwohloka kwemisipha libhekene ukonakala okuqhubekayo lwamathambo imisipha Imicu myocardium, kanye ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okungase kubangele ukufa ngenxa yokuhluleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula noma ukumelwa inhliziyo.
• Myasthenia - isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba lapho umzimba akhiqiza amasosha omzimba nicotine ach-yokwamukela.

Ukuphumula nokuvulwa imisipha lwamathambo

Ukudla okunomsoco, yokuphila nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kuyokusiza ukuba ube umnikazi we imisipha yohlaka amahle futhi unempilo. Ngempela bahlanganyele ukuqeqeshwa isisindo nokwakha yemisipha. Enough cardio njalo futhi i-yoga.

Ungakhohlwa ukwamukela ayimpoqo we namavithamini namaminerali, kanye ukuvakashelwa njalo sauna and umusi zokugeza nge imishanelo, okukuvumela oxygen ukuze ikhulise kwemisipha izicubu futhi imithambo yegazi.

Izinhlelo ukubhucungwa eziphumulele kuzokhulisa eguquguqukayo kanye reproducibility kwemisipha izinyanda. Libuye libe nomthelela omuhle lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti kwemisipha lwamathambo ihumusha ukuvakashelwa cryo.