Umphakathi - kuyini? umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe State

Umphakathi - ukuthi lo mqondo ukuthini? Igama sivela elithi ngolimi Latin «inclavo», okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "lockable". Sebenzisa igama elithi ensimini yebandla noma ingxenye State, okuyinto has izici ezilandelayo:

- ayinakho esidayisa elwandle;
- ngokugcwele sizungezwe indawo ezweni kwelinye izwe noma ngaphezulu.

zokuhambisana zezombusazwe

Umphakathi - yini le ndawo? Iyingxenye ebalulekile isimo, engabanikazi bephephandaba. Ngezinye izikhathi, le ndawo ine ukufinyelela ngokwengxenye lapho waya olwandle. Khona-ke kubizwa ngokuthi poluanklavom noma umphakathi ugu.

Ukuba khona izingxenye angawodwa ezweni futhi kufaka phakathi eminye ubudlelwane ahlobene ngamazwe zomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuya endaweni, lapho kuyinto umphakathi, kubalulekile ukuba adabule endaweni yelinye State. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo kungase kubonakale izimpikiswano ezibalulekile ezidinga ingaxazululwa ukhona salo esivamile. Zonke izindaba ngokuvamile ixazululwe lapho kusayinwa umthetho-nezivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe ukhathazekile.

zinhlobo

Uyini umphakathi? Incazelo yaleli umqondo sesivele inikezwe. Ngamafuphi nje, lena ingenye ucezu lizwe, esemgwaqweni ngaphakathi kwezinye. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho insimu ehlukile, kukhona kwesinye isiqhingi ehlukile. zokwakheka enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ama yesibili ukuze umphakathi. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuze ufika engxenyeni yezwe, okuyinto ngaphakathi, kuyodingeka ukuba imingcele ezimbili.

Kunenye umqondo ofanayo - i exclave. Lihlobene isifunda-non-lelitimele, okuyinto uyashiywa indawo eyinhloko yezwe futhi lizungezwe amanye amazwe. Ngakho polueksklav likwazi ukufinyelela kolwandle.

esifanayo zindawo ezikude kungenziwa ngokuthi ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukuze uthole ezweni ukuyiphi, yena kuyoba exclave. Okunye uthi njengedumo umphakathi. I amagama efanayo ekhona poluanklavov futhi polueksklavov.

izibonelo

Kukhona eziningana impela ezindaweni nemizana, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo singasho ukuthi lokhu umphakathi. Isibonelo salokhu Sankova-Bear, etholakala endaweni Belarus , Gomel esifundeni. Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo, ehlobene Bryansk esifundeni WaseRussia. Ukuze Russia Sankova-Bear - i exclave kanye Belarus - the umphakathi.

Esinye isibonelo Alaska. Le ndawo ubhekwa-United States polueksklavom poluanklavom Canada. Ukuze ukufinyelela luya eMedithera, Melilla futhi Ceuta. It poluanklavy ngoba Morocco futhi polueksklavy yeSpain. Ngezinye Cape Pskov Ichibi kuyinto edolobhaneni Oaks. It uyashiywa indawo Estonia Russian. Ngakho-ke, polueksklav ngokombono Russia nase poluanklav esuka e-Estonia.

amazwe umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe

Igama elibhekisela inyumbazana zensimu, angase asetshenziswe hhayi kuphela ukuba ingxenye ehlukanisiwe isimo phansi. Lo mqondo isetshenziswa ukuhumusha ukuhluka. Kukhona umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe umbuso umkhuba jikelele. Kubo, igama elithi "umphakathi" alisetshenziswa.

umphakathi State - kuyini? Kuyinto kula mazwe, endaweni okuyinto ngokugcwele lalizungezwe ezinye izwe elilodwa. Kulokhu, ukufinyelela kulo ulwandle bengakwenzi. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezintathu uthi ezinjalo. uhlu Bahlanganisa San Marino futhi iVatican. Lawa mazwe eItaly. State Okwesithathu kubhekwa umphakathi laseLesotho. It ikhona indawo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ezinye izimpawu isimo endowed oda Maltese. Ukuyiphi indawo ngaphakathi Italy.

Ngo umkhuba emhlabeni, kukhona umbuso poluanklavy. Sinenkosi ukufinyelela olwandle. Isibonelo Brunei. Izwe lizungezwe Malaysia kanye ne-South China Sea. Enye poluanklavom State Portugal. Lizungezwe insimu saseSpain likwazi ukufinyelela i-Atlantic Ocean.

Poluanklavom futhi kubhekwa ingxenye ethile Fort St. Angelo, esemgwaqweni Malta futhi kungokwalabo Order of Malta.

nemizana

Uyini umphakathi? Nenikezwa ngenhla ezihlobene lo mqondo hhayi kuphela isimo. Kumayelana kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Ngakho, edolobheni laseJalimane Busingen umphakathi i-eliphezulu Rhine uzungezwe ngokuphelele ngendawo Swiss. labantu bayo cishe elilodwa ayizinkulungwane nengxenye abantu. Kusukela edolobheni German ahlukaniswe kuphela ewumdweshu whose banzi - esingaphansi ikhilomitha elilodwa. Futhi ingxenye encane kwebhuloho kuyinto edolobhaneni Swiss ngokuthi Dorflingen. Ngo-1918 inhlolovo wawuba ngasekuqaleni Busingen. It ayengamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha abangaba amaphesenti angu-ezathi aziwuthandi engena Swiss. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Switzerland kuhlulekile ukunikela okuthile yaseJalimane ukubuya.

Kukhona umphakathi edolobheni nase-Ukraine. Lokhu Slavutich. Lokhu dolobha namanye aseduze lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo basonta Kiev esifundeni. Kodwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi lizungezwe izwe e Chernigov iziphathimandla okhonzile.

Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo ingxenye eMoscow lingumuzi Zelenograd. Nokho, it is ehlukanisiwe endaweni yenhloko-dolobha. Uzungeze esifundeni Zelenograd Moscow.

ukuphila umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe

Kungani kukhona insimu inkosi umbuso owodwa ensimini ka omunye? Umphakathi - kuyini? Anomaly? Phela, kuyinto esifundeni, engafinyelelwa kuphela ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo kwesinye isifunda. Kulokhu, kungelula ukusebenza emnothweni kanye nokuphathwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-umphakathi ngokumelene umqondo phambili isimo isizwe. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi yiliphi izwe kungaba nje ujabule balahle kubo wabe insimu. Nokho, umkhuba lokhu akwenzeki. Zone imizi eminingi - eziphikelelayo kakhulu, kuze kube usongo lwempi, izinguquko indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho noma imingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe zomhlaba ziyanda. Inani elikhulu lezi zindawo uvele ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union. Cishe amabili imizi emisha uvele ngaleso sikhathi e-Asia naseYurophu.

Kusukela umbono we kwezomnotho sphere umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe nginqume ezwekazini. Kulezi kwezimo ezingajwayelekile, omunye wabo ukuphatha ukuze baphumelele, kuyilapho abanye ziyawohloka. Ngokwesibonelo, Hong Kong. Ngesikhathi sithola ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sovereignty of China, waba sibonelo esigqamile emhlabeni kwembulunga yonke futhi ukuhweba khulula.

Ngesisekelo ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba kanye nezokuvakasha ayathuthuka umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe encane esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Phakathi kwabo Belgian Baarle-Hertog, Austria futhi Italian Jungholz Campione. Impumelelo efanayo lokuzuziwe nekutsi American Point Roberts. Nokho, zikhona ezinye izibonelo.

Cishe ezingamakhulu amabili emasimini Indo-waseBangladesh, umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe ubuhlungu ngenxa yobuphofu awukho ugesi. izindawo elingalodwa Ferghana Valley, naphezu ukutholakala evundile kanye namathafa zinkulu, ukuthuthukisa omakhelwane babo okuningi nakakhulu ezizungezile. Esikhathini izikhundla Lesisemkhatsini kukhona Kaliningrad esifundeni WaseRussia, kanye Spanish Melilla futhi Ceuta. Ukuze kwezomnotho nenhlalakahle zalo, sanikwa izibonelelo yombuso kanye nezinzuzo.

izindawo kolwandle

Russia kungokwalabo umphakathi yoLwandle Okhotsk. Nansi indawo esigcawini amakhilomitha amashumi amahlanu anamabini amawaka, UN neyaziwayo ingxenye eshalofini yezwekazi we Russian Federation.

Lokhu umphakathi itholakala maphakathi oLwandle Okhotsk. Ngaphambili, yonke indawo kwakubhekwa njengesenzo yolwandle oluvulekile umxhwele. Kwakukhona khulula ukudoba nokuhambahamba inkantolo zonke izizwe zomhlaba. Ngo-November 2013 Russia wazibonakalisa amalungelo abo amanzi budlulela ngale indawo yeBelgium, Switzerland naseNetherlands. Okwamanje, le umphakathi - nolwandle ephakathi nezwe Russian Federation. Insimu yalo kufanele kwenziwe izidingo zokudoba isiRashiya, ukuvikeleka kwemvelo, ukuphepha kanye nokunye. D.

Umqondo umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe yobuhlanga

Kunezindawo ezithile lapho isizwe inabantu abaningi sizungezwe indawo eyayihlala kwesinye isizwe. izindawo ezinjalo - kukhona umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe yobuhlanga. Iinhlokwezi zihlukaniseke ubhekwa ukuba imithombo ukungezwani. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Somali umphakathi ezinhlanga Ethiopia.

izimbangela

kuphakama umphakathi wakule ndawo wawuhlukaniswe uhlanga yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. zokwakheka ezinjalo umphumela izinqubo ezilandelayo:

- yokufuduka yonke imiphakathi yobuhlanga;
- ukuphishekela isiphetho compact Amaqembu ezizwe e umfokazi ukuba usizo ezintweni eziyizungezile wakhe;
- ophoqelelwe emakamu sendawo yobuzwe babo ikakhulukazi.

Naukograd

Esifundeni Moscow kukhona uhlobo umphakathi - Dubna, umuzi owawusesifundeni kabani indawo indawo ekhethekile kwezomnotho uhlobo lobuchwepheshe-ezintsha. Lokhu isimo inikezwe idatha komnikazi i-oda Uhulumeni waseRussia, esasayinwa ngo-21.12.2005

Imingcele sigaba zone osebenza impatho ekhethekile intela emkhakheni womsebenzi zobuchwepheshe ezintsha.

Umlando edolobheni Dubna, esisogwini zombili loMfula omkhulu noMfula iVolga, waqala ngo-1956, lo edolobheni elingekude kangako neMoscow, e-amakhilomitha ayikhulu namashumi amabili, enyakatho, eduze komngcele we-Tver esifundeni. Inhloko-dolobha ixhunywe Dmitrov onguthelawayeka, mfula futhi ujantshi. A amakhilomitha angamakhulu kusukela Dubna kuyinto "Sheremetyevo" sezindiza.

Umuzi ine a idumela emhlabeni wonke njengoba ucwaningo isikhungo esiyinhloko. Ngo Dubna Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Kuyinto leyahlukahlukene ngamazwe ucwaningo inhlangano uyasebenzisana cishe 200 izikhungo ucwaningo lwamazwe omhlaba. Ososayensi abasebenza at JINR, umlando walesi sikhungo wenza amane okutholakele ezahlukene emkhakheni wesayensi yenuzi.

Umuzi ine a ikhono elikhulu kakhulu kuyisayensi nakwezezimboni. izindawo zako ziyizindlela yesimanje ukuhlolwa laboratory kanye isizinda yesayensi, zobuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa izindawo, okuyinto zikhishwa yizisebenzi onekhono kakhulu. Dubna inikeza RF kuqala emkhakheni wesayensi osetshenziswayo ayingqalasizinda, ukuphepha, ukuvikela, Instrumentation, amandla enuzi, ukuxhumana kanye kwemishini yezokwelapha.