Eshalofini Continental. WokuLawula amalungelo. Eshalofini zamazwekazi Russian Federation

Imingcele kwezifunda akuzona kuphela ezweni. Bona welule ngaphesheya kwemifula, ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle, kanye wezasemoyeni. Sea noma ulwandle phansi, eyakhelene ogwini, futhi impahla isimo. Zonke amaminerali nezinye izinto eziyigugu basonta kuleli zwe ukuthi ungumnikazi zensimu. I Russian Federation inogu ezinkulu, ngokulandelana, futhi indawo zasolwandle okuqondene ke, kumba eqolo.

definition

Ngokombono ezindawo Ngenxa eshalofini yezwekazi - insimu Continental, ugcwalise ulwandle noma olwandle. Okuningi ngokunembile - indima kwamanzi bezwe, eyakhelene futhi has a isakhiwo esifanayo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ngokomthetho eshalofini yezwekazi kuyinto ekujuleni kolwandle kanye asendaweni, okuyinto abuts ngakolunye uhlangothi ogwini, kanye nezinye ifinyelela kwamamitha okungenani abangu-200 ukujula.

Kwezinye izimo, le olwandle kuze kube amamitha 500 nokuningi ukujula, njengoba kukhona esinye komkhawulo. umthetho International kuchazwa, lapho kwamanzi isandiso Geological ka ubude nezwekazi okungase phansi indawo. Kuwo wonke amazwe, anawo elinendawo yezwekazi eshalofini iphelela umngcele eduze isobath, noma emaphethelweni, okuyinto lebhokisi egoba abukhali olwandle. Kule ndawo bengayi in the ifa esimweni esithile.

definition zomthetho

Amashalofu esetshenziswa States, azifani phezu kwemingcele yamanzi indawo. Kulokhu, umthetho wamazwe omhlaba ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi izwe angasebenzisa eshalofini ezwekazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuvikelwa kanye nemisebenzi yokwenza ezihlobene phansi kolwandle, kunqunywa imithetho isimo. Eshalofini zamazwekazi Russian Federation kungaphansi uMthetho 187-FZ "On the eshalofini zamazwekazi Russian Federation." Ngokusho kwakhe, isimo unelungelo ukusebenzisa ulwandle noma ulwandle phansi esukela umugqa surf 200 nautical miles.

Kungani emashalofini, amanzi ezifihliwe

Lapho imvelo wadala ezilwandle, izilwandle noma izintaba, awusebenzi acabangele izidingo ngekusasa lesintu. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, eziningi ingcebo yemvelo bagxila kwetinhlavu, okuyinto imbozwe amanzi. On izwe, amaminerali amaningi kakhulu, kodwa izimayini zabo nokucubungula kuthiwa yashesha njalo ngonyaka, kodwa zigcine kwakhe kuhamba kuhambe kuphele.

Russian eshalofini yezwekazi iqukethe-70% azo zonke izinsiza engokwemvelo isimo. Ezinye zazo ziye ngenkuthalo bexhashazwa, abanye kuphela lilungiselelwa ukuthuthukiswa. Ukuze kwemithombo yemvelo zihlanganisa amaminerali, izidubedube, kanye eziphilayo ukuthi kukhona phansi olwandle nokulisebenzisa ngezinto zokuhamba.

Regulation ukuxhashazwa eshalofini zamazwekazi Russian Federation

Zonke ulwandle luqala ukujula kakhulu, okuyinto esetshenziswa abadlali isimo, ivikelwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho Russian futhi izinhlinzeko zoMthetho umthetho kolwandle. Ngakho, eshalofini yezwekazi ingasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezilandelayo:

• ucwaningo lwesayensi Marine.
• Lolu cwaningo olwandle futhi kugcwele.
• Ukwenza umsebenzi we-izinhlobo ezahlukene amathuna ogwini futhi izingqimba yayo.

Ilungelo okukhethekile ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa eshalofini zamazwekazi lizwe womnikazi kuphela. Zonke izenzo kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye isihloko ekujuleni kolwandle, okuqondene Russian Federation, kumele kwenziwe kuphela ethole imvume ekhethekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma Russia enquma ukungaqhubeki ukuqhuba nophenyo noma amathuna, omunye isimo angeke ubambe kule nsimu futhi ulisebenzise uwedwa. Zonke izenzo zisebenza kuphela olwandle, amalungelo okusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi phezu eshalofini Continental, okuyinto ngale umngcele amanzi indawo, izwe asipheli.

ubunikazi Amasha Russian Federation

Ukuze isigaba olwandle uhlobo umzabalazo ngalinye yokulawula emhlabeni. Ngo-2014, Russian Federation yandile ubunikazi bayo. Eshalofini yezwekazi ogwini eCrimea ohlela ngenkuthalo nokuthuthukisa ukuhlola. Umsuka walo kuya Russian Federation zenzeka ngokuzenzakalela ngenxa ukusayinwa iSivumelwano ukubusa Republic of eCrimea. Kulesi senzakalo, kunemibono ehlukene - akubona bonke osopolitiki e-Ukraine aqaphele ukuba semthethweni kwalo mcimbi. Noma kunjalo, manje eshalofini Russian.

Ukuthola besibili babungubuso eshalofini yezwekazi yoLwandle Okhotsk. Ngo-March 2014 iKhomishana UN neyaziwayo ilungelo Russia ukusebenzisa le ndawo ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Kuze kube manje, amandla wezokuphatha we Russian Federation ilungiselela omunye isicelo ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo ifa eshalofini yezwekazi e-Arctic. zokukhokha Indlela - ekwindla 2014. Nakuba endaweni wathi ungaphansi kophenyo, okuyinto zenzelwe ifakazela ukuthi le phambili isabelo ongezansi zwekazi.