Kuyini emayela lokufundela ukushayela imikhumbi yini ifindo?

Incwadi uhambo lomkhumbi ezamehlela, kumafilimu mayelana amatilosi yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, izihloko kusihloko bese ingxoxo kwendawo phakathi amatilosi ngokuvamile ingena elithi "imayela nautical". Sekuyisikhathi ukuthola ukuthi yini esilinganisweni obuphelele emnyango wokuthumela izincwadi, amatilosi kungani ningasebenzisi amakhilomitha evamile.

Kuyini 1 imayela lokufundela ukushayela imikhumbi?

Ekuqaleni, lesi silinganiso oluhambisana ubude 1/60 we arc degree wombuthano phezu eMhlabeni isikhungo coinciding ne maphakathi iplanethi. Ngamanye amazwi, uma sicabanga iyiphi Meridian, imayela nautical kuyinto cishe ulingana nobude umzuzu owodwa latitude. Ngoba umhlaba kuyinto ukuhluka ekahle ibhola umumo, ubude 1 iminithi degree Meridian kubhekwe ingahluka kancane, kuye ngokuthi i-latitude. Iningi ibanga-pole - 1861,6 m, kanye aphansi enkabazwe -. 1842,9 m Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, kwahlongozwa ubunye obuphelele emayela lokufundela ukushayela imikhumbi. Ngesisekelo yokutholwa ubude 1 iminithi at 45º degrees latitude (1852.2 amamitha). Incazelo enjalo kuye kwaholela kwenzekeni emayela nautical Kulula ukubala navigation imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna kumephu ukukala ibanga elingamakhilomitha 20, ke lokhu kuyoba okwanele ukuba ulinganise ikhampasi 20 arc imizuzu kunoma iyiphi Meridian, ibalazwe.

Kusukela ngo-1954, e-United States baqala ukusebenzisa international imayela nautical (1852 metres). umkhuba wakhe ngokuvamile babanjwa ukuba 1800 amamitha. Ukuqokwa ezisemthethweni kule yunithi engakaze yamukelwe. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona nokwehlisa «NMI», «nm» noma «NM». By the way, «nm» yiyona evamile ye-nanometer. 1/10 ngamazwe imayela nautical = 1 = 185.2 amamitha ikhebula obuphelele. A 3-imayela zasolwandle elilingana 1 league. E-UK, kwakuthiwe wayevame ukusebenzisa imayela sakhe nautical ilingana 1853.184 amamitha. Ngo-1929, e Monaco, kwaba nengqungquthela yomhlaba wonke enikelwe ahlukahlukene nezindaba Hydrography, lapho nautical imayela obuphelele kuchaziwe 1852,00 amamitha. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi Imayela akuyona zasolwandle kuphela kodwa futhi umhlaba. Kulokhu, nobude bawo kancane izikhathi 1.151 kuka olwandle.

Buyini ubuhlobo phakathi kolwandle ibanga engeyokuqala?

Mile Marine (imayela nautical) noma njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi, kwendawo noma Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, is kabanzi geography, zezindiza kanye navigation. Njengoba buhlobene kakhulu nomqondo inhlangano zasolwandle obusetshenziswa embonini lokuthumela njengoba lisisakhiwo velocity. Omunye iyunithi ilingana imayela elilodwa ngehora siwela bomkhumbi. Igama elithi "node" ngenxa yokuthi, endulo on shumbi esetshenziselwa yokulinganisa Isivinini lag. Kwakuyisikhathi lwamakholi noma ibhodi esime unxantathu, lapho isananyathiselwe umthwalo. Okunjalo drogue wanamathelana lin (intambo), okuyinto ngokusebenzisa ibanga elithile iboshelwe ISIZINDA. Lag elahliwe zomkhumbi, bese ngisebenza esinye isikhathi ekhethiwe isikhathi (kusuka 15 seconds to 1 iminithi) kwabalelwa njengoba ISIZINDA ukushiya amanzi.

Kukhona izinguqulo ezahlukene mayelana ibanga phakathi ISIZINDA. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kwaba angu-25 (7.62 m), futhi uma imizuzwana 15 washiya owodwa node, umphumela etholwe, imayela elilodwa nautical (Ft 100 / iminithi). Ngokusho version yesibili, ifindo iboshelwe ngokusebenzisa 47 izinyawo 3 amayintshi (14.4018 m), kanye siwu- imizuzwana 28. Kulokhu, eyodwa okubonisa izinga 101,25 izinyawo / imiz.

Sethemba manje ungakakwenzi bokuqonda amagama somkhumbi ikhilomitha ukusuka ISIZINDA kuyoba njengoba kucacile njengoba amakhilomitha evamile.