Isikhungo Social: izimpawu. Izibonelo tikhungo tetenhlalo

Enye yezinto agcwele nasemphakathini wonkana - iqoqo tikhungo tetenhlalo. Indawo yabo ezifana nalezo, okubenza babe into ikakhulukazi efanelekayo observation nokulawula.

Ngenxa yalokho, eziyinkimbinkimbi ihlelwe uhlelo nemithetho yayo kanye nemithetho futhi kukhona isikhungo emphakathini. Izimpawu ke zihlukile, kodwa ihlukaniswa, nokuthi zizocatshangelwa kulesi sihloko.

Umqondo isikhungo komphakathi

isikhungo Social - ingenye amafomu yenhlangano imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama lalisetshenziselwa ngu G. Spencer. Ngokusho usosayensi, ukuhlukahluka tikhungo tetenhlalo udala uhlaka lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi umphakathi. Lesi sigaba beyimiqemane, wathi Spencer, yazalelwa ngaphansi kwethonya kwamangqamuzana umphakathi. Zonke umphakathi wahlukanisa ku izikhungo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kuhlanganise:

• zokuzala;
• ukusatshalaliswa;
• umqondo.

Umbono E. Durkheim

E. Durkheim yayiqiniseka ukuthi indoda njengomuntu ingafinyelela uqobo kuphela tikhungo tetenhlalo. Ziklanyelwe ukusungula umthwalo phakathi amafomu nezinye izikhungo kanye nezidingo zomphakathi.

Marx

Umbhali we "Capital" odumile uhlolwa tikhungo tetenhlalo ngokuya phakathi kwabaqashi nabasebenzi. Ngokubona kwakhe, isikhungo nomphakathi, futhi kukhona izimpawu ukuthi nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi, futhi abe nendawo yakhe yangasese kwanoma yiliphi isu, yakheke ke ngaphansi kwethonya layo.

amagama

Igama elithi "isikhungo somphakathi" lisuselwa egameni lesi Latin "isikhungo", okusho ukuthi "inhlangano" noma "ukuze." Ngale ncazelo, isimiso, ukunciphisa zonke izici inhlangano emphakathini.

Inchazelo kuhlanganisa ifomu kanye ukuma umsebenzi nokubopha ezikhethekile. Injongo tikhungo tetenhlalo - ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza isebenze yokuxhumana emphakathini.

Ngendlela Ayamukelayo njengoba incazelo emfushane: ifomu uhlelekile futhi esihlelwe we-Public Relations, okubhekiswe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezifanele emphakathini.

Kulula ukubona ukuthi zonke izincazelo enikeziwe (kuhlanganise imibono ososayensi eshiwo ngenhla) zisekelwe 'izinsika ezintathu ":

• umphakathi;
• inhlangano;
• kudingeka.

Kodwa lokhu akulona izici egcwele yesikhungo semfundo yomphakathi, kunalokho inkomba amaphuzu ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe.

izimo institutionalization

Inqubo institutionalization - sekuba isikhungo emphakathini. Kwenzeka ngaphansi kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• isidingo social njengesici esibangela ukuthi uzohlangana Institute esizayo;
• nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, okungukuthi, nokuxhumana abantu nemiphakathi, ngenxa okuyinto akhiwa izikhungo zomphakathi;
• okunenjongo isimiso amagugu kanye nemithetho;
• impahla kanye yenhlangano, abantu kanye nemali edingekayo.

izigaba institutionalization

I inqubo yokuba isikhungo yezenhlalakahle sihamba ezinye izigaba:

• ukuvela nokuqaphela izidingo Institute;
• kwenaba imithetho yokuziphatha komphakathi ngaphakathi kohlaka ikusasa Institute;
• ukudalwa kufanekisa yayo, okungukuthi isimiso zezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi uyokhomba ukwakha isikhungo sakhe ngekwemiva netenhlalo;
• ekwakhekeni, ukuthuthukiswa kanye kwencazelo izindima isimo uhlelo;
• ukudalwa kulesakhiwo ngesisekelo impahla;
• Ihlangano yokuNgeza ukuhlanganiswa ohlelweni zomphakathi wanamuhla.

izici Bezakhiwe yesikhungo semfundo nomphakathi

Izimpawu welithi "isikhungo somphakathi" elichaza ke emphakathini wanamuhla.

izici Bezakhiwe zihlanganisa:

• Ububanzi bemisebenzi, kanye nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana.
• Institutions ukuthi amandla athile ukuze ahlele imisebenzi yabantu, kanye enze ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo: yezenhlalakahle, enhlanganweni futhi enze ukuqapha nokulawula imisebenzi.
• Labo imithetho ethize kanye nezimiso zenzelwe lokulawula ukuziphatha kweningi labantu inhlangano ethile emphakathini.
• Material kusho ukufeza izinhloso Institute.
• Imibono yamaKhomanisi, imigomo kanye nezimpokophelo ezifanayo.

Izinhlobo tikhungo tetenhlalo

Ukwahlukaniswa, okuyinto uhlela zenhlalakahle (bheka ithebula ngezansi), uhlukanisa lo mqondo ku zinhlobo ezine ezihlukene. Ukuze ngamunye wabo sihlehlela emuva isikhungo okungenani ezine ezicacile.

Yiziphi izikhungo zomphakathi? Ithebula ubonisa izinhlobo zazo kanye nezibonelo.

izikhungo Ezingokomoya yezenhlalakahle kwezinye imithombo ngokuthi izinhlangano zamasiko, futhi sphere umndeni yena, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi babhekane nezinga elikhulu futhi nokuzwelana.

izimpawu ezivamile kwisikhungo nomphakathi

Jikelele, kanye ngesikhathi esifanayo kanye izimpawu eziyisisekelo isikhungo yokuzijabulisa:

• uhla yizindaba ngokuhamba evamile yebhizinisi ungene ubudlelwane;
• ubunjalo nzile lezi ubudlelwano;
• kuchazwa (okusho ukuthi ngandlela-thile semthethweni) inhlangano;
• kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha kanye nemithetho;
• izici ezinikeza ukuhlanganiswa Institute sika ohlelweni nomphakathi.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lezi zici ngokwethukela, kodwa ngokunengqondo kusukela definition futhi ukusebenza ezikhungweni ezehlukene emphakathini. Ngosizo kubo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kulula ukuba sihlaziye institutionalization.

izimpawu inyuvesi Social izibonelo eziqondile

Isikhungo ngasinye ethize yezenhlalakahle has izici zayo siqu - izici. Basuke kuhlobene izindima, isibonelo: indima eyinhloko umndeni njengoba isikhungo emphakathini. Yingakho kuyaphawuleka ukuthi sicabangele izibonelo kanye izimfanelo elihambisana nemisebenzi.

Umndeni njengoba isikhungo komphakathi

A iyisibonelo esihle isikhungo nomphakathi - Yebo, umndeni. Njengoba kubonakala kulelithebula lelingenhla, lingelikaJehova Uhlobo lwesine izikhungo ukumboza igama efanayo ububanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nesisekelo umgomo oyinhloko we umshado, ngubaba nokukhulelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umndeni efanayo, futhi ihlanganisa kubo.

Izimpawu zalesi isikhungo zokuxhumana nabanye abantu:

• ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa uxhumano noma nokuzwelana;
• ibhajethi umndeni Imininingwane;
• abahlala ndawonye eyodwa yokuhlala.

Iqhaza main we umndeni njengoba isikhungo yezenhlalakahle ziyancipha kuya owaziwa ethi - "cell ongcono". Ngokuyisisekelo, konke kuhamba kahle. Imindeni - izinhlayiya esakhiwa sebuningini umphakathi. Ngaphandle ukuthi uyilungiselelo kwezenhlalo, umndeni ubizwa nangokuthi neqembu elincane emphakathini. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane, ngoba lapho kuzalwa umuntu eba ngaphansi usithonye futhi esehlele ngokwakho konke ukuphila.

Ezemfundo njengoba isikhungo komphakathi

Imfundo subsystem nomphakathi. It has a isakhiwo nezimpawu eziqondene no-.

kumiswa Basic izici:

• izinhlangano zomphakathi imiphakathi yezenhlalakahle (izikhungo zemfundo kanye division zibe amaqembu othisha kanye nabafundi, njll ...);
• imisebenzi zenhlalo-zamasiko ngesimo inqubo yemfundo.

Izibonakaliso isikhungo nomphakathi zifaka:

1. Imithetho kanye Regulations - e-Institute of Education kubhekwe njengento izibonelo: isifiso sokuba nolwazi, khona-ke ukuthi ukuhlonipha othisha nabo abafundi / ofunda nabo.
2. Umfanekiso okungukuthi kwamasiko izimfanelo - namaculo namabhantshi izingalo izikhungo zemfundo, uphawu isilwane kwezinye ekolishi izifanekiselo abadumile.
3. izici zamasiko utilitarian, ezifana emakilasini futhi kabinenty.
4. Amafilosofi - isimiso ukulingana phakathi abafundi, ukuhloniphana, inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye ilungelo lokuvota kanye ilungelo umbono wabo siqu.

Izimpawu zenhlalakahle: izibonelo

Ukuze afingqe ulwazi oluqukethwe lapha. Izibonakaliso isikhungo nomphakathi zifaka:

• iqoqo izindima social (ezifana ubaba / umama / indodakazi / udade isikhungo lomndeni);
• imodeli ukuziphatha esitebeleni (isib imodeli ngqo uthisha kanye nokuqalisa yomfundi zemfundo);
• amazinga (isibonelo, amakhodi kanye noMthethosisekelo we-State);
• izimpawu (isibonelo, ilungiselelo lomshado noma umphakathi ongokwenkolo);
• lwezindinganiso eziyisisekelo (ie, zokuziphatha).

isikhungo Komphakathi, izimpawu okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko senzelwe ukuqondisa ukuziphatha ngamunye, yingxenye yokuphila kwakhe nje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibonelo, i-strasheklassnikov ezivamile libhekisela okungenani ezintathu yezenhlalakahle izikhungo: umndeni, esikoleni kanye nesimo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, kuye ngamunye, ungumnikazi futhi indima (isimo), okuyinto anakho owawuthi akhetha umfuziselo wakhe ukuziphatha. Yena, inquma impendulo yayo emphakathini.