Umboniso wezinsiza, abamnyama yemifino

Kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi, kunezindlela eziningi yokuzamazama, engaqondakali, kanye izenzakalo ngezinye izikhathi siyamangalisa, omunye okuyinto umboniso wezinsiza. Phakathi kwabokuqala ukufunda lezi izinto ezingcwele usosayensi wahlanganyela Wilhelm Bessel. wabathola ngengozi. Into zocwaningo incwadi yakhe yokuqala wayibhala inkanyezi bhá - Sirius. Isithakazelo ukuqeqeshwa umzimba wabangela engavamile trajectory of iplanethi, okungukuthi yokuthi eseneminyaka inamagquma. Bessel baqala ukufuna izizathu okungenzeka ukuthi kungaholela ezingaziwa, ngokombono wakhe, izenzakalo.

nokuqapha njalo Sirius utshelwa ososayensi ukucabanga ukuthi eduze ngokushesha emhlabeni kungenye, engaziwa, inkanyezi engabonakali, kodwa umthelela ayo adonsela phansi enza inethonya elinamandla. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhlonza iyehla iyenyuka amaphephabhuku kulengqungquthela Sirius. Enye ukutholakala esenziwa sezinkanyezi. Wasikisela ukuthi uma ukukhanya okuguqukayo ungokoqobo ke isikhathi sokwelashwa Sirius, kanye iplanethi engaziwa emhlabeni isikhungo sabo ezivamile amandla adonsela phansi okungenani zilingana iminyaka engu-50. Planet Sirius namanje edonsela ososayensi kusukela emhlabeni wonke nge imfihlakalo yayo kabili bese uhlala into likufuna zocwaningo.

Uma nje ukuchaza into encane emhlophe, uyinto ubunjalo okuyimfihlakalo okuyinto ngokuphephile bazifihla kuma emakhoneni akude wendawo yonke futhi insali ka inkanyezi. Ezinsukwini ubudala, lapho imishini optical akusho okwamanje ezifana isinqumo amakhono ephakeme, kukholakala ukuthi elimhlophe yemifino inkanyezi - okuyinto ezingavamile, kodwa ososayensi bathi okuphambene namuhla. Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi American, inani lala mafu idlula 10 bhiliyoni. Lokho-5% isibalo izinkanyezi okwakuthiwa kukhona emthaleni wethu.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinkanyezi yemifino - la kukhona omakhelwane bethu abaseduze. umboniso wezinsiza ine umoya kabani ukujiya is emakhulwini amaningana amamitha, yakhiwa amakhemikhali abaningi ezaziwayo. Ngokwesibonelo: i-calcium, okusansimbi, i-hydrogen, titanium oxide,-helium, ne-carbon. Ubukhulu bayo kuyinto njalo futhi ilingana km 40 000. Izinhlobo ezimbili dwarfs emhlophe: ashisayo nabandayo, kokuba isimo yenziwe yonke ngamafayela we-helium. Njengengxenye okokuqala hydrogen supply Ososayensi bathola ukuthi 0.05%.

iplanethi into encane behave fana wotha a cannonball, eshintsha lokushisa ngenkathi imbuthuma amandla. Amasayizi yalezi zasemkhathini zihlale okufanayo. Izazi zezinkanyezi ukubaluleka ibalwa mkhulu kunezinhliziyo isisindo sabo, ezincane engaba yabo.

I umboniso wezinsiza ingenye kuphela hlobo luni lwamandla - ukushisa. Ukupholisa wayo ongaqhathaniswa Ukupholisa ngomoya induku yensimbi, okuyinto lakhishwa Fryer. Okokuqala, inqubo uya ngokushesha, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi wawa, Ukupholisa iba kancane.

Ososayensi balinganisela ngoba inkathi eyiminyaka engu ambalwa million emhlophe yemifino luminosity awe% 1 kuphela luminosity ingqikithi ilanga. Ngokusebenzisa esiyizigidigidi zeminyaka kungase akha yemifino abamnyama. Bobabili emizimbeni ziye kancane esezihloliwe kuze kube manje, kodwa Sinesithakazelo esikhulu futhi njalo emkhakheni Ngenxa ososayensi.

Isibonelo ezithakazelisayo ngokuphonswa komuntu isisindo ukucabanga ikhumbula le adonsela phansi phezu kobuso umboniso wezinsiza. Ake sithi umuntu has a isisindo 75 kg Emhlabeni, lapho Sun kuyoba isisindo amathani 2, iplanethi yemifino singase sinyuse yona amathani 120-140.

A big inkanyezi yonke ilahlekelwa amandla phezu izigidi zeminyaka, futhi dwarfs ugcine welulele engu iArmagedoni, ekhona ezigidigidini zeminyaka. Mysteries ukuhlala siphezulu kunamanye izindlela cishe isixazululo yabo, kodwa kunethemba lokuthi maduze ngomgubuzelo imfihlakalo lizovuleka. Ikakhulukazi, eminyakeni yamuva umsebenzi asebenzayo Kwenziwa izazi zezinkanyezi kusuka ku-University. Washington.