Esikhathini esidlule, ngo-2012, iminyaka engamashumi amane nanhlanu kusukela ngomzuzu lapho isintu wanquma ukusebenzisa kubalwe-athomu ye-silinganiso esinembile kakhulu isikhathi. Ngo-1967, i-International SI isigaba isikhathi akasakhethwa ngu izikali yezinkanyezi - ukuzifaka esikhundleni lwazo kwamila cesium imvamisa ejwayelekile. Lokho wayengumuntu igama ethandwa manje - iwashi le-athomu. Isikhathi ngqo ukuthi bayakuvumela ukucacisa iphutha encane e ngomzuzwana owodwa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka engu-abayizigidi ezintathu, angasetshenziswa njengoba isikhathi ejwayelekile noma yikuphi emhlabeni.
Umlando omncane
Umqondo usebenzisa athomu kuya nesilinganiso eqondile kwesikhathi yaqale ezihlongozwayo ngo-1879 yi-physics British uWilliam Thomson. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe resonators emitter athomu ososayensi ukuphakamisa zisebenzisa i-hydrogen. Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa umqondo practice ungenelwe kuphela kule 40s. kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Futhi okokuqala ukusebenza iwashi emhlabeni-athomu uvele 1955 e-UK. umdali Babephokophele British physics zokuhlola udokotela uLouis Essen. Sasisebenza labo amahora esekelwe cesium-133 athomu kunyakaza nososayensi ngenxa kubo ekugcineni bakwazi ukulinganisa isikhathi ngokunemba okukhulu kunangaphambili. Iyunithi kuqala Essen iphutha kuvunyelwe akuyona yesibili ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngoba zonke iminyaka eyikhulu, kodwa ekugcineni ukunemba izilinganiso anda ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi iphutha ngomzuzwana siyeza iminyaka 2-3 izigidi eziyikhulu kuphela.
iwashi Atomic: ukusebenza
Kanjani lokhu "kudivayisi" uhlakaniphile? Njengoba resonance imvamisa generator kuma-atomic clock isicelo amazinga amandla yezinhlayiya noma ezingeni quantum-atom amancanyana. quantum Mechanics usungula ukuxhumana "nucleus - electron" uhlelo nge amazinga eziningana ezehlukene amandla. Uma isimiso esinjalo sizothinta emkhakheni kagesi nge imvamisa ngokuqinile elinqunyiwe, kuzoba khona ushintsho kohlelo kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Kungenzeka futhi, kube yibo inqubo shintsho-athomu kusuka ezingeni eliphakeme kuya ongaphakeme, kulandele emisebeni ye-eneji. Lesi senzakalo kungaba ukuqapha bese libhala zonke kuzuba amandla, ukudala into efana circuit oscillating (yaziwa nangokuthi oscillator-athomu). resonance imvamisa yayo kumelwe ilingane umehluko wamandla phakathi kwamazinga eduze sokushintshela zama-athomu ehlukaniswa njalo Planck sika.
Lesi sifunda oscillation kunezinzuzo elingenakuphikwa uma kuqhathaniswa ne kokumethemba yabo mechanical kanye nemfundo yezinkanyezi. Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe-athomu oscillator imvamisa resonant ukuzulazula kwama-athomu into kuyafana, okuyinto akulona pendulum kanye amakristalu piezoelectric. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-athomu musa ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izakhiwo zabo futhi azigugi. Ngakho-ke, kuma-atomic clock kukhona elinesisindo olunembile kakhulu futhi ngacishe ephakade.
Isikhathi esiqondile nobuchwepheshe besimanje
Telecommunication amanethiwekhi, ukuxhumana satellite, GPS, NTP-iseva, ukuthengiselana electronic exchange stock, indali ekuyi-Internet, inqubo ukuthenga amathikithi kuya ku-intanethi - zonke lezi futhi abaningi nezinye izenzakalo Sekuyisikhathi eside zimiswe zaqina zimiselwe ezimpilweni zethu. Kodwa uma abantu ayizange owasungula le iwashi le-athomu, konke lokhu obungenza neze lapho. Elinembile isikhathi ukuvumelanisa elikuvumela ukunciphisa amaphutha, ukubambezeleka ukubambezeleka, ezenza umuntu akwazi ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwalesi esiyigugu Irreplaceable, okungase kungadingeki ukuba kakhulu.