Izigwaca Kusukela Ikhaya Ipulazi

UDC 636.5 / .6

Izigwaca epulazini ekhaya.

Izinkukhu, goose, amadada, turkeys - abakhileyo yendabuko yenkukhu-egcekeni, kodwa pheasants, Guinea inkukhu kanye izigwaca emakhaya kwaqala ukuvela esanda kutholakala, kodwa ngokuya Umbuso kwezomnotho ithakazelisa kakhulu.

Izigwaca - ezincanyana kanye yokuvuthwa wenkukhu inyoni ye-pheasant umndeni inkukhu. Kalula ukugcinwa kanye yokudla ikuvumela ukuba uwagcine edolobheni nasemaphandleni. Inikeza kuze kufinyelele amaqanda 300 ngonyaka. A ukudla esiyingqayizivele futhi izakhiwo wezokudla ivumela cishe wonke umuntu adle amaqanda izigwaca inyama ngaphandle kwemingcele.

izici eziphilayo kwezomnotho, ngenxa okuyinto ngikuvuse izigwaca:

• Zingamashumi kom iningi yenkukhu iqala ukuthela kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-40 ku-2 izinyanga ubudala, kakade inyoni ngempela okukhulile kungenziwa kwesokunxele ukuthola amaqanda, noma sebenzisa i-inyama;
• izigwaca linesizotha, endaweni cm yezinyoni 50x95x35 ongama-avareji yamaphesende imigomo ngelanga izigwaca 50 kufanele kube 20 - 25 g we feed, okungukuthi, izinyanga ezimbili - .. 1.5 kg, kanye zabasebenzi ziyancipha kuya yokudla nsuku zonke, ukushintsha amanzi, yokuhlanza izakhiwo kanye ukuqoqa amaqanda. Kuyinsakavukela kuyinto izinyoni 70-80 ngayinye 1 sq.m.
• izigwaca kuyaqabukela agule abese angakwenza ngaphandle ngokugoma. Mancane ukungenwa izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo esivela lonke okuzenzela inkukhu kanye izigwaca amaqanda edliwayo engaphekiwe, uthole uhla egcwele izakhi ngaphandle kokulahleka ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa ukushisa. Lesi sici ikuvumela ukuthola imikhiqizo imvelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imithi yokugoma nemithi elwa namagciwane.

Le ndawo yezigwaca zasendle ihlanganisa cishe wonke Old World. Futhi kuyo yonke indawo, le nyoni into ezemidlalo ukuzingela. Kulaba eyaziwa njengamanje zenyathi eziyisithupha, okuyinto ziyahluka kancane ngosayizi nombala, ezivame kakhulu izigwaca abavamile. Nest ke eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Asia, kanye Ubusika eNkabeni Ye-Afrika kanye eseningizimu ye-Asia, lapho afike achitha khona izinyanga 7-8 ngonyaka. Cishe ihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni. It izidleke phansi. Ngo zibekela iqanda 9-15, lapho insikazi incubates izinsuku 15-17. Ukudla isebenzisa ikakhulukazi imbewu, efihlekile kanye amahlumela, ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane.

Eningizimu ye-Ukraine, North eCaucasus and e-Asia Ephakathi ngesikhathi ukuzingela ekwindla ka izinyoni uthuthele ku izigwaca evamile ngaphambi kokuba zokudoba, izinyoni usawoti ukusetshenziswa imiphongolo esizayo. Le catch ingqikithi kokuwa Lolwandle Olumnyama nogu eCaucasus safinyelela izingcezu latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Ngo-Asia Ephakathi futhi eCaucasus namanje ukuzingela okwandile nge abaqeqeshiwe undlunkulu hawk.

umquba wamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane asetshenziswa emasimini kanye ukudoba mass, okwaholela ukwehla elibukhali inani izigwaca okwamanje.

Ukufuywa izigwaca waqala eminyakeni engaba yinkulungwane edlule eJapane, kodwa cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, baqala lisetshenziswe umkhakha yenkukhu ukukhiqiza amaqanda nenyama. umthamo Kanye ezifakiwe abesifazane ukuba unyaka wonke izigwaca amaqanda kubekwa waqala yokuzalela le nyoni ukuba bandise ukukhiqizwa amaqanda. Amazwe amaningi aye ukusetha ukuphathwa nomthamo ayizinkulungwane. 700-800 Izidumbu kanye ambalwa amashumi million. Amaqanda ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalokho yokuzalanisa imigqa etholakala ukukhiqizwa amaqanda, okuyinto yasakazwa emazweni amaningi. EChina, ukukhiqizwa yonyaka abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25. Siyakwazisa izigwaca.

ERussia Perepelovodstvo basungula ngasekupheleni - kusukela ngo-1964, lapho Isentha Umhlaba ku inyama yenkukhu kanye nezinkukhu zokuhlola ipulazi walethwa VNIIPP 27 izigwaca. Kamuva, kusukela Japan waletha enye 1,000 izigwaca izelwe. Yileyo izigwaca yesimanje yasekhaya - inzalo ngqo Japanese. Ngeshwa, ngo-60s, ososayensi Abekho inzuzo uma ziqhathaniswa izikhukhukazi izigwaca. Kodwa eqinisweni, izigwaca sike njalo kwadingeka ukuchuma kwabo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, babanjwa emahlathini we eKursk, orel, Tula, Tambov kanye laseKharkov izifundazwe. Fly izigwaca akukuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa. Sihlangane nabo abantu abaningana. Uyakufanelekela Iningi nguye abangase ukulingisa izwi inyoni kahle, nokuthi ukuyengela izinyoni inethiwekhi.

Okwamanje, ubukhulu emakethe amaqanda izigwaca eRussia balinganiselwa ku 145 million. PC. ngonyaka, izigwaca inyama mayelana 600 amathani ngonyaka. Abangaphezu kuka-70% of sales bephuma emizini emikhulu. On the emadolobheni amancane nasemaphandleni akhawunti angaphansi kuka-10%. Lapho ngiqhathanisa inani umthamo emakethe labantu amaqanda izigwaca eRussia imayelana 20 izikhathi ngaphansana Japan.

A unentshiseko isithakazelo izigwaca eRussia yabonakala ukwaziswa okuyisizinda ukubaluleka amaqanda abo nokuvuselelwa abantu abathintekayo ukuchayeka ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni ngemva kwale nhlekelele eChernobyl. Experience ngokusebenzisa kwawo kwachazwa umagazini "Ogonyok." Odokotela eqoshiwe esesuthi ukuzinza ezigulini, ukunyamalala ukukhathala ubuhlungu enhliziyweni, ziyancipha ngezikhalo isiyezi kanye umongozima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, egazini abantwana iqembu zokuhlola anda-hemoglobin okuqukethwe, futhi ikhula ngesisindo. odokotela sinqumo: ukuqaphela amaqanda izigwaca eyigugu umkhiqizo wezokudla futhi batusa kubo for ekwelapheni abantu wawuchayeke emisebeni enemisebe.

New umfutho umkhakha wathola ngokuqondene iphrojekthi kazwelonke yentuthuko ukubamba iqhaza kwezolimo, okuyinto yabakhanga osomabhizinisi kule bhizinisi.

Manje imikhiqizo perepelovodstva ukunikela zonke izigaba abakhiqizi yezolimo, kusukela izinkukhu amapulazi amakhulu bese abalimi emakhaya. Umholi ngokuphelele ekukhiqizeni iyona Voronezh esifundeni, lapho izinkukhu amapulazi amathathu ngumnikazi kwesigamu umthamo wezwe. uvundile babe Krasnodar, laseStavropol, Rostov, Samara futhi Bryansk esifundeni, nabanye abaningi.

Perepelovodstva abathengi njalo imikhiqizo kukhona amaqembu amaningana target:

• sebenzisa ngezizathu zezokwelapha. wezokudla emangalisayo futhi izakhiwo ukudla, ukutholakala kukhuphuke kuye kwaholela a Ukwenyuka okukhulu ingxenye;

• baby ukudla. Ingxenye basungula ku 90 ngaphansi kwesimo izincwadi eziningi mayelana Umbuso elihlukile amaqanda izigwaca. It kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga kanye neqiniso lokuthi imikhiqizo perepelovodstva zihlukaniswa ukungabi komzimba nezinto kanye nezimpawu diathesis ezinganeni, kanye digestibility ezinhle;

• ukudla okunempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yamuva, igcizelelwa ngendlela enempilo kuleli zwe, njengoba emazweni amaningi athuthukile, omunye elementi okuyinto ukudla okunempilo.

amaqanda izigwaca ukunambitha like inkukhu. Kukholakala ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwawo i njalo ekuseni ngaphambi kokudla eluhlaza inyuka ubungqabavu, futhi ukusetshenziswa amazinga izinyanga 2-3 ngcono isimo sabantu somoya, isifo sofuba kanye nezifo ze-uhlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. amaqanda izigwaca, ngokungafani amaqanda nezinye izinyoni, cholesterol kancane mahhala, futhi Kuyancomeka asebekhulile. Uma eqhathaniswa inkukhu, amaqanda izigwaca equkethwe izikhathi 5 ngaphezulu potassium yensimbi izikhathi 4.5, izikhathi 2.5 futhi V² H¹ amavithamini, kanye namanani abalulekile uvithamini A, i-phosphorus, ayibe, futhi nicotinic acid. amaqanda izigwaca ziyigugu kakhulu, futhi ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi. amaqanda izigwaca high umsoco futhi wezokudla futhi ngenxa okuqukethwe abalulekile ezihlukahlukene amafutha kanye amavithamini fat-encibilikayo i eliphezulu ngezabelo womuntu.

Izigwaca inyama ngesisa ezahlukene, ukunambitheka kanye juiciness. Ukunambitheka kanye amakhemikhali ukwakheka kwayo, kanye amaqanda, kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi ezibalulekile imikhiqizo yokudla kanye sezibiliboco. Izigwaca inyama kunambitheke kangcono futhi acebile inkukhu, inyama yengulube kanye yenkomo amavithamini (A, H¹, V²), ukulandelela izakhi (insimbi, potassium, ayibe nethusi), futhi acid ezibalulekile acid.

Khetha ...

Okwamanje, ukukhethwa izinhlobo ezimbalwa izigwaca etholakala: zemabula, uFaro British izigwaca omnyama nomhlophe, kanye nzalo ehlukahlukene kusukela iziphambano zalabo izinhlobo. I-International incwadi yokubhaliswa izigwaca izinhlobo nemigqa eqoshiwe zinhlobo eziyisithupha: abamhlophe nabansundu isiNgisi, Australian ophuzi onsundu, isiManchu segolide, smokingovaya noFaro kanye imigqa ehlukene 60. Zonke, ngaphandle zohlobo uFaro, obhekisela yenkomo, isetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amaqanda.

Izigwaca evamile (zasendle) - komncane kunabo inyoni gallinaceous nge obuphelele umzimba 16-20 cm, linesisindo 80 kuya kwezingu-150 g zesifazane amaphuphu achanyuselwa kanye Imiphumela ngoba 17- 20 izinsuku. Ngemuva omiswe, amaphuphu ngokushesha baqala Peck feed bese zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngosuku lwama-40 ka izinyoni omdala babe izimpaphe bese uyazama ukundiza. Ziyakwazi kulula ukuzalela egcekeni, ikhumbula eziningi izincomo. Kuwo lo nyaka, ngaphandle maphakathi no-ehlobo, ekudleni kufanele enqoba ukudla isitshalo ngesimo amakhambi fresh, imbewu utshani ezihlukahlukene; ihlobo izinyoni ngenkuthalo ukudla izinambuzane nezimbaza inqwaba. Esimeni semakhaya okuqukethwe amaselula zingabantu into linesizotha kodwa ukwesaba kakhulu ayicabangele lapho ekhetha yezinyoni: noma ngokhuni yezinyoni noma yezinyoni phezulu wenziwe ngendwangu noma anezikhala plastic. Esikhathini cell on the ithileyi wafafaza ahlanzekile, kahle-omisiwe emfuleni isihlabathi, okuyinto esetshenziswa ukuze ome ukugeza inyoni izimuncagazi. Esebenza ngogesi kanye waterers ngoba amanzi ubekwe ngaphandle ukuze ageze esihlabathini amaphuphu musa clog okuphakelayo namanzi.

Ngaphezu izigwaca evamile (obizwa nangokuthi i-European) ensimini yase Russia uhlala isimungulu, kumbe Japanese izigwaca, okuyinto namanje luvame eKorea, enyakatho yeChina, futhi Japan. Japanese izigwaca zizalela namadwala eziyisisekelo zathathwa. Abesilisa nesisindo 110 kuya 120 g, nabesifazane ngokwesilinganiso 138 g, kwezinye izimo ezingu-150, i-bamba baqala eneminyaka engu kwezinsuku 40-60 of kanye ngonyaka zigcina zingasaziwa ukuthwala amaqanda 300 noma ngaphezulu. Isisindo esivamile 9-11 amagremu amaqanda. Undemanding umbuso yeziboshwa futhi amelana eziningi izifo. Ezimweni eziningi, it is ezifuywa izigwaca Japanese.

UFaro izigwaca izinhlobo basonta iqembu inyama izinhlobo, umbala izimpaphe kuyafana ukuthi we izigwaca Japanese. Isisindo nabesifazane ngokwesilinganiso 235 g, ngobubanzi kusuka 160 kuya 310g, kanti amaduna nesisindo kusuka 160 kuya 260, izinsikazi aqale amaqanda laying eneminyaka engu kwezinsuku 40-50 of, futhi ngonyaka kukhona amaqanda 220, ngongqimba 12 kuya 18 amagremu. Lokhu izigwaca zohlobo esetshenziswa ukwenziwa broiler izigwaca, izinsuku ezingu-45 ubudala, bangakwazi ukufinyelela isisindo bukhoma 150-180 g

izigwaca Japanese, ngokungafani ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, akaphelelwa nezinhlamvu, ngaphansi kwendle kule mibandela bayashintshana ekufukameleni futhi yokudla. Wabo zokukhiqiza isisindo neqanda akuyona njengoba sehliselwe ngokucijile ngenxa yokuntuleka amaprotheni ku ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thermophilic Japanese kancane futhi kudle okuphakelayo kancane iyunithi okukhipha ngayinye.

On umbono ngesikhathi izigwaca ezifuywayo zishintshile esingaphansi kwamanye amalungu oda inkukhu. Izinguquko ekukhiqizeni iqanda isisindo bukhoma - izigwaca abe nesisindo bukhoma-30% amafomu evelele inyama, iqanda kusinda ngu 46% kunalokho amadlozi zasendle. Kodwa baye balahlekelwa ikhono indiza, walahlekelwa isazela ukuba lokushutheka futhi kuyasizana ekufukameleni amaqanda, musa ukuqoqa ngemihlambi ngemva zizalela, futhi okubaluleke - zilahlekelwa ikhefu ebusika ucansi.

Okuqukethwe izigwaca.

Ngaphambi kokuqala izigwaca kufanele uqale ne ukulungiswa izakhiwo, ezinkanjini futhi imishini. Izinkukhu angagcinwa phansi noma kumaseli, kodwa egumbini kufanele ezomile, ezifudumele, elikhanyayo futhi zihlanzekile. Proposed imiklamo ezahlukene umile izigwaca yenkukhu izindlu nge Paddock, abazi kuhluke ngokuyinhloko ezivamile inkukhu coops. Kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthi kudingeka kucatshangelwe:

Ngaphakathi Igumbi kufanele kube khona kanzima ukuze afinyelele izindawo, ngoba izigwaca, izilwane ikakhulukazi abasha, uthando ukuba okhandwe ngesando ku zonke izinhlobo imifantu nezinye ukuba sezindaweni ezisithekile. Ceiling ngezansi 2 m akuyona kufiseleka, izigwaca ngokuvamile Kuphendula up ngesivinini futhi badinga isikhala esanele. Kungcono ukudonsa ophahleni ngepulasitiki anezikhala esihle. Wamboza iphansi lendlu embozwe isihlabathi, Peat noma chips. amabhokisi adingekayo ngesihlabathi-fly umlotha ingxube ukuze ome ukugeza. Ebiyelwe yendlu nokuhamba wemba phansi kumuntu ka cm okungenani 30 ukujula. Lapho engena endlini futhi ukuhlela tambour aviary, izinyoni ngenye Frisky zifika iphuzu ukukhululeka. Paddock futhi igumbi pritemnyayut kude elangeni.

Ukutshala ukuminyana kunqunywa ngesisekelo ukuthi izigwaca badinga indawo okungenani 15x20 cm. Inala njengoba yokuntuleka isikhala, okuholela ukwehla zokukhiqiza amaqanda.

Ingabe kulula kakhulu ukugcina amaseli izigwaca, ngokungafani izinkukhu, abazizwa ezinhle abazizwa, kukhona kulula anakekele futhi acoshe umndeni, ungagcina kakhulu isikhala, amaseli amapayipi ibhethri. Ngakho-1 sq.m angazamukela 200-300 izikhukhukazi bese uthola kusuka kule mini-ipulazi amaqanda 200-250 nsuku zonke.

Amaseli ingafakwa efulethini, esibayeni bese ehlobo ngqo engadini. usayizi Cell kunqunywa isekelwe 120-150 sq. ukubona ngoba zonke izinyoni omdala. Ukuma kanye nosayizi kwamaseli zingase zishintshe kakhulu, kodwa okungcono Yiqiniso, ngokuphelele SE eyenziwe lashukumisa anezikhala ashiselwe nge usayizi ofanele anezikhala. Lezi amaseli lula ukusebenza, kulula zokukhipha igciwane futhi isikhathi eside. I elula nengcono kakhulu kuyinto cell-module eyenziwe lashukumisa igridi eqinile. Mesh ubungako esebenza ngogesi kanye waterers indawo ye-30 mm. elula kakhulu multi-gumbi iseli whatnot. It kungenziwa efakwa efulethini, futhi endlini.

Esebenza ngogesi, nezitsha ukuphuza zingaba imfuyo, kahle futhi isilungele izinyoni zokuhlobisa. Lokhu esebenza ngogesi cleaner kanye waterers, uhlanganyela esebenza ngogesi, izindlu zokugeza, mini-ezinkanjini ukuba baphathe izinyoni.

Kuyinto efiselekayo kusadingeka in isitokwe:

• psychrometer ngoba lokushisa kanye nomswakama ukulawula egumbini futhi incubator;
• irradiator amagciwane - I-magciwane yendlu yenkukhu kanye nempahla;
• Loof uhlobo ultraviolet isibani infrared uhlobo galogennovuyu CG;
• Ngicabange isambulela kwabasha;
• ovoskop ukulawula amaqanda ukuchamisela.

Izigwaca baye baphelelwa isazela of bayashintshana ekufukameleni, ngakhoke idinga incubator. Ukuze sibonise izigwaca ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo izinkukhu yemifino izinhlobo noma amaphuphu yasekhaya, kodwa incubator okunokwethenjelwa. Uma udinga izinkukhu ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela, kulula ukuba uwuthenge ku isikhangiso, kunokuzama baphethe i incubator. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi 3-5 hatchlings zikhule nzima kakhulu. Perepelyata nokuzwakala ukuzola, lapho kukhona abaningi. Uma amatshwele ambalwa, bayoba njalo Squeak, futhi kuyoba nzima ukuze bazivikele ukucindezeleka futhi ukufa.

Amathiphu ambalwa ...

ü Ukuze izigwaca kangcono wathutha ezihambayo nokushintsha imvelo, kutuswa ukuba uwuthenge eneminyaka engu-amasonto 6-8. Lapho ekhetha inyoni, ahlole izimpaphe emhlabeni cloaca. Lalela uphefumulele phezulu, kungakhathaliseki kwesifuba futhi beshaya amakhwela. Inyama yenkukhu kufanele kungabi okhuluphele noma izacile. Inyoni enempilo uba nombala okhanyayo pink kwesikhumba ku esiswini, ophuzi likhuluma isifo sesibindi. Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i kufanele kube elomile ngaphandle Ukwakha-up. Pribolevshy inyoni evilaphayo ngezimpaphe ezidlikizekile.

ü izinyoni okusha kufanele igcinwe sodwa amasonto amabili noma amathathu ngaphambi kokuqala e aviary ezivamile, phakathi nesonto lokuqala kuyoba kuhle desoldering isixazululo ezibuthakathaka potassium permanganate.

Izigwaca kudingeka aphathwe ngokucophelela, kungcono ukuya aviary ezincane noma yezinyoni, kanye ukukhuphuka esitokisini, ngakho abangele ukucindezeleka izinyoni. Yingakho-ke Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise esebenza ngogesi othomathikhi bese waterers. Siyabonga kubo, kungaba isikhathi eside hhayi abaphazamisa inyoni. Basuke ahlelwe noma ngokugcwele ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi, kodwa noma kunjalo ngaphandle kweselula icala.

Ukuze nezilwane zakho ishanelwe njalo futhi azizwe engcono, kumele uthobele izimo ezithile izigwaca. Lokhu, ngaphezu kwakho konke, lokushisa nokukhanya izimo, kanye ukusuthisa okulinganiselayo kakhulu wamaprotheni amaningi ukudla. Zonke ezinye izigwaca kunalokho izinyoni undemanding.

Ikamelo lapho amaseli lesibekiwe izigwaca bangaba khona kanye amafasitela noma ngaphandle kwabo (nge amafasitela Yiqiniso, kungcono) kodwa komoya okuhle, ukuhlinzeka supply nomoya opholile (1 kg bukhoma isisindo yenkukhu okungenani 1.5 m³ / h emakhazeni isikhathi 5 m³ / h a efudumele). ukupholisa enjalo ukumane ezidingekile olunzulu exchange izigwaca izinto. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo egumbini, equkethe izigwaca, kungabikho okusalungiswa, izigwaca kubo ikakhulukazi ebucayi, omunye izimpawu zokuqala okusalungiswa bungukulahleka inyoni izimpaphe. Izigwaca cishe nqunu Iqanda ukukhiqizwa liyancipha futhi kwandisa yangenyama.

lokushisa elikhulu for wabantu 19-20 C iyehla iyenyuka ezinhle okuvumelekile 18 ° 25 ° C. Emazingeni ngezansi 16 ° C angamisa oviposition zesifazane. Izinyoni ubuhlungu ukubekezelela amazinga eqile okushisa nokubanda, abhale luhlaka abuye abandayo, kusukela Ukugcwala angase afe. Noma kunjalo echazwe amacala okuqukethwe izigwaca ebusika kumagumbi unheated ezingeni lokushisa kule ndawo iseli uhla 5-12 C, ngaleyo ndlela sikwazi ukuqhubeka ukuba izigwaca kwenziwe.

-Daylight amahora - esibalulekile production amaqanda ezinhle futhi ukusebenza izigwaca, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ku egumbini ukukhanyisa, kodwa futhi kusukela ukukhanya ngokweqile kuyingozi - ekukhanyeni okugqamile inyoni iza injabulo nokuvuselela ISAKHIWO. Awanele ukuhlawulela izono amaseli endaweni ukusebenzisa esikhipha noma Fluorescent 40-50 W (I-MDC-40). Ukuze amaqanda zizalela ukukhanya kumelwe zikhanyiswe amahora 17, kufanele imodi waphawula -. Illumination izovuleka bese uvala ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mthetho usebenza kubo bonke neminye imisebenzi - yokudla, amaqanda iqoqo, njll

umswakama emagumbini lapho izigwaca omdala, akufanele kube ngezansi 55%. umswakama Lower isikhathi eside kuholela ukwehla esesuthi, futhi, ngokufanelekile, ukwehla zokukhiqiza amaqanda, izimpaphe ziba ziyaqothuka, izigwaca ekubeni ukubukeka singcolile. Kulokhu emoyeni kumele moisturize ubulili yithela amanzi ukubeka isitsha amanzi vaporization. Ngokuvamile kukhona umswakama ongaphakeme ehlobo noma amakamelo kakhulu eshubile. Futhi undesirably ukwandisa umswakama ngenhla 75%. umswakama kahle 60-70% for izigwaca bonke ubudala.

Ngokuba njengamazulu ephakeme umkhiqizo izigwaca kudingeka bondliwe egcwele. perepelyata Daily ozalwa elincane kakhulu (kufika ku-6 amagremu), kodwa elikhula ngokushesha, futhi izinyanga ezingu-2 ubudala, zifinyelele isisindo yezinyoni omdala. Ngesisekelo ekudleni izigwaca kuthiwa ukondla. Njengoba izigwaca ube umzimba bunzima kakhulu futhi izici bokuphila ukubunjwa kokudla kwezilwane ukuze izigwaca has izici zayo siqu: kufanele balinganisele, calorific kakhulu futhi degree elikhulu ukugaywa.

olinganiselayo amandla ekudleni okusanhlamvu izithako - corn, ukolweni, unyaluthi nebhali. Ngokwe-eluhlaza amaprotheni - ikhekhe, ikhekhe, imidumba kanye feed okuvela ezilwaneni (inyama kanye bone futhi izinhlanzi ukudla, ubisi powder). Izigwaca isidingo amaprotheni iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi yobudala.

100g feed equkethwe: ongahluziwe proteina- 22% calcium - 2; phosphorus 1.6 0.6% sodium. Imibono abacwaningi ezihlukahlukene izigwaca isidingo amaprotheni ongahluziwe abavumelani nakancane nalokhu. Kodwa yathola ukuthi izinyoni yisa amaprotheni ngokweqile, noma ukungabi ngaphandle okuningi, umonakalo phakathi komkhawulo ezilandelayo: intsha eneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-ezingu-1 kuya ku-30 kuthatha kusuka 23 kuya 26.7% amaprotheni ongahluziwe, kusukela 31 kuya ezinsukwini 46 - 16-26%; isikhukhukazi sishiya amachwane aso - kusuka 20 kuya 24%.

Ukuze yokudla izigwaca futhi wasebenzisa okuphakelayo broilers ne PC-5 PC-6 ne izithasiselo ezithile kanye ukudla amaqanda-laying izikhukhukazi abasha instar lokuqala imishini yokusaha izingodo PC-2. Ukondla labantu izigwaca omdala iqala ngesonto-6 ubudala, omdala zidla translation okuphakelayo kumele kube kancane kancane, izinsuku 5-6.

Ngo nokubeka inkathi ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke feed ikhanda 22-30 g Ngokusekelwe lokhu, singakwazi ukubala esiqiwini kudingekile feed inikezwe imfuyo epulazini ekhona. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho okuqukethwe 100 izigwaca nabesifazane nsuku zonke feed ukusetshenziswa cishe 2.5-3 kg, kungakho okuphakelayo ngenyanga edingekayo mayelana 90 kg, isikhathi kwesikhathi 2000-2300 uyothwala amaqanda izigwaca.

Kuyinto okuphakelayo eyamukelekayo ehlanganisa 3 izingxenye, - corn, alfalfa (uvithamini A), ufulawa wesoya futhi ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kunikeza umsoco izigwaca umzimba ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugcwalise ukushoda kokudla kwezilwane nakho kungaba nemisundu eminingi esetshenziswa futhi izibungu mealworms, iziphi okusakazwa kalula ngaphandle kwesibeletho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhekwa okuhle ongakhonza fresh (hhayi anosawoti) ekhishini imfucuza kanye zasemazweni aluhlaza, futhi womabili inganikelwa inala inyoni.

Ifolishi fed kokubili ezomile nasesimweni sokungasokwa olumanzi. Ukusetshenziswa Kulinganiselwa ngayinye inyoni omdala ngosuku: okuphakelayo zernomuchnyh - kakolweni, ibhali oluthile lokudla noma oatmeal - 12 g; amaprotheni - izinhlanzi fresh, inyama nengulube, ushizi - 12 g; Vitamin - izaqathe, iklabishi, ulethisi, izimbabazane nezinye zelen- ngaphandle komkhawulo; namaminerali - amaqanda amagobolondo, wokulinganisa - 3g. Kungenzeka ukunikeza sunflower noma okuletha kukhompiyutha ukudla noma ubisi powder (0.5g ngelanga). Ngenxa izigwaca Vitamin umfutho ukunikeza izaqathe ogayiwe, apula, beet. Zonke ukudla kufanele ochotshoziwe, bese uhlanganise kahle. Mode yokondla izinyoni omdala 2-3 izikhathi ngosuku, ngesikhathi esifanayo.

izigwaca ehlobo ukunikeza esingenamkhawulo ukuthi amakhambi: amakhambi, iklabishi, beet, clover, alfalfa, sembabazane, ulethisi, futhi isipinashi. Izigwaca like oqoshiwe dandelion imifino, sembabazane, Yarrow, borage, iJerusalema i-artichoke. Ebusika, le nyoni kufanele fed imifino lihluma oats, amabele, ukolo, onion, Kungaba kuhle uma Okuphakelayo zabo esekhulile endlini noma isaladi eshiya Tradescantia. Lona omunye houseplants Imbijana izigwaca ezinhle. Unganikeli izigwaca eziqongweni utamatisi, amazambane, milkweed, parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, parsley futhi nightshade amajikijolo, zonke Buttercup, tansy, Sorrel, corn kanye imifino nokunye okufana nokolweni, i-rye, lupin.

Izigwaca kabi kakhulu iphendula ushintsho okuphakelayo, okuholela ekudonseleni efanayo ekukhiqizeni amaqanda. Bird iyaphendula ngisho noma okuphakelayo komunye isitshalo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezingafani zokukhiqiza, ayikwazi amaqanda abalwa. Okungukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni okuphakelayo ubudala, uke engakafakwa kancane entsha, kancane kancane ngokudlulisela izinyoni kuso. Izigwaca zonke kabuhlungu ukubekezelela noma yikuphi ukushintshwa abukhali - ukukhanyisa, izinga lokushisa, yokudla noma isikhathi yokondla, umsindo.

Sicela uqaphele ...

ü Ngokuvamile izigwaca omdala ubola futhi uwela izimpaphe. Imbangela zingcofa kungaba ukukhanya okukhulu, kuminyanise kakhulu noma ukuntuleka kwamavithamini. Uma ukulahlekelwa feather ongakaphathelani molting noma ukungondleki ke kufakazela ukuthi izimo ezimbi lokushisa.

ü On izinga yokudla kungaba liyokwahlulelwa ngamandla amagobolondo amaqanda futhi inyoni droppings. Ngokuvamile udoti ukuthungwa aminyene, emnyama ngombala nge enamathela elimhlophe uric acid. umquba Liquid kuyinto aluhlaza noma inclusions igazi kusikisela isifo inyoni noma ubuthi ithebula usawoti. Yellow - uphawu carbohydrate ngokweqile, futhi omnyama - cishe kusukela amaprotheni ngokweqile. Uhudo ulusizo oatmeal noma irayisi amanzi esikhundleni amanzi.

Izici eziyinhloko izigwaca yokudla zingahlukaniswa zibe izinkathi ezintathu:

• isikhathi sokuqala, eneminyaka engu kusuka 1 st ukuze 7 th usuku perepelyatam ukunikeza cool abilisiwe ecubuziwe nge amagobolondo izigwaca noma inkukhu amaqanda. Eyokuqala akukhetha. Ngosuku 2nd wokuphila eggfood engeza ushizi ngesilinganiso 2 g inyoni ngamunye ngosuku. Ngosuku lwesithathu kungenzeka ukukufaka okuphakelayo oqoshiwe amakhambi fresh. Ngosuku 4th ukunciphisa Iqanda yokudla kanye ukwandisa inani ushizi. Izigwaca ezidla izikhathi 5 ngosuku;
• isikhathi sesibili - kusuka 2 nd ukuba 4 th ngesonto zokuphila. It feeds isisekelo ngesikhathi okuphakelayo equkethe 100 g okungenani 24-26% amaprotheni ongahluziwe kanye 280 kilojoule energy exchange. Fed izikhathi 4 ngosuku;
• isikhathi sesithathu - amasonto 5-6 zokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, izigwaca umkhiqizo okuphakelayo izinyoni omdala, kodwa izinga amaprotheni ongahluziwe lancipha laba 15-17%, ukuze ugweme ukuthomba ekuseni, futhi ukuqala okusheshayo abavamile, okuyinto sizothinta kamuva lonke inani nesisindo amaqanda. Inani ivolumu yokusanhlamvu ochotshoziwe okuphakelayo okusanhlamvu ukwanda.

I Element kufanele ugcwalise okuphakelayo kwekhasi ukuze 2/3 nokujula zabo, njengoba izigwaca chitha okuphakelayo.

Bayashintshana ekufukameleni amaqanda izigwaca, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi encane incubator yasendlini "Universal" uhlelo, "Hen", TOC, drs-F-03, kanye nabanye. Ikghono lama iyindawo ngokuvamile esibekiwe esekelwe inani amaqanda, okusho kumele uhlinzeke ukuthi amaqanda izigwaca wehlele kunangendlela inkukhu izikhathi 4-6. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni i incubator, zezimboni noma okuzenzela, kumelwe sihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile: idivayisi kufanele balondoloze izinga lokushisa edingekayo - 37-39 ° C, amaqanda Icebo lika okufanele kwenzeke ngokuzenzakalela.

Ukuze ukuchamisela amaqanda abesifazane ezibekwa ngezinjongo besilisa isilinganiso 1: 2 - 1: 4 imikhaya kabani Ukwakheka liyaphela futhi ukukhethwa aliguquki. Lapho zizalela isetshenziswa nokuhlukaniswa kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Kulokhu, lo ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa zesifazane imizuzu 10-15 podsazhivayut kuya wesilisa, bese ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lo liphindwe nomunye owesifazane, njll amaqanda Ngakho elivundisiwe kuyinto 80% - ephakeme kunaleyo ukubhanqa khulula. Emsebenzini zizalela ukulondoloza amaqanda elivundisiwe eliphezulu nabesifazane kanye nabesilisa esetshenziswa izinyanga 3, base ayalahlwa ngokufaka esikhundleni ngenyanga ezimbili izigwaca abasha.

amaqanda Ukuchamisela kumele abe ukuma njalo, surface bushelelezi, le lesikhumba Ngokwesilinganiso, enesisindo amaqanda 9-11 g ezincane kanye emikhulu nemiphumela okubi bayashintshana ekufukameleni nokukhulisa. Kusukela izigwaca inyama zohlobo kuFaro incubator amaqanda enesisindo 12-16 g Ekuhloleni izinga ukuchamisela amaqanda kuyinto efiselekayo kufundiswe ku candling, okuyinto umane ukwenza njengoba nokungu-30% amaqanda aqhephukile igobolondo nezinye amaphutha. amaqanda Dirty kungukuthi wageza - ongabhubhisa ifilimu nadskorlupnuyu futhi clog ezimbotsheni izinguquko emoyeni. Olungiselwe bayashintshana ekufukameleni amaqanda egcinwe izinsuku ezingu-7.

amaqanda Fresh ukucwila emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa, ubudala, ne eziphambili emoyeni ekamelweni ukuntanta. Kuhle besifazane abasha kusukela ngineminyaka engu-izinyanga 2-6.

Lawula ukuthuthukiswa umbungu kungaba ku candling. Ekuthuthukisweni evamile, ngo izinsuku 9.5 maphakathi iqanda embryo kungabonwa ngesimo amnyama.

On the 17th usuku perepelyata, ukuvula iqanda, dweba egg shell ku selilonke ngesikhathi ingxenye eye yasakazwa kabanzi. Isiphetho friendly futhi ngokuvamile eqeda emahoreni angu-4-6, nakuba perepelyata ngabanye kusukela batch efanayo futhi kungaba amabhu izinsuku 1-2 emva okukhipha eyinhloko. Lapho ngokweqile nomswakama PIP kwenzeka ngokwengxenye blunt neqanda, futhi iphuphu ngokwayo ngokuvamile angikwazi ukubalekela kusuka kumasistimu asebenzayo. Uma sesomile kakhulu incubator, igobolondo podskorlupnye kakhulu. Perepelenok uqhwaku ephula igobolondo, kodwa awukwazi ukuphuma. Okungukuthi nomswakama - omunye ukhiye impumelelo bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Ngosuku 15 bayashintshana ekufukameleni iqanda kungcono ukuhambisa egumbini phambili. Kana kusukela incubator ukubekezelela kangcono amahora 10-12 kuphela emva ukudamba, okungukuthi, ngosuku 18th emva laying amaqanda.

Ngenxa amaphuphu ufakwe ngaphansi incubator brooder, nge lokushisa 37.5 °, layo yonke izinsuku 4 sehliselwe 2 °, ukuze izinsuku 20 ubudala, ke kwehle kuze kube izinga lokushisa endlini. Uma amaphuphu ungakhululeki, baqala Squeak, kweqembu uma kubanda, futhi uma bonke aphume brooder - ke okushisayo.

Esikhathini sokuqala amasonto amabili noma amathathu ukukhanya amaphuphu luthungelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, khona-ke kancane kancane emini amahora amahora 12-16 ngosuku.

Fed izigwaca ezinsukwini zokuqala kane ngosuku Hard abilisiwe amaqanda vukuza, ne ukwengeza nepepper okusanhlamvu ingxube. Kusukela ngosuku lwesibili ukunikeza amangqanga agxishiwe onion-ipeni, kusukela ngosuku lwesithathu - isanqante vukuza, sembabazane, abilisiwe izinhlanzi mafutha, multivitamin kanye amaconsi ambalwa namafutha kafishi. Ifolishi kungenziwa inikezwe njengenkulumo, isikhulumi ezomile noma kancane olumanzi. Element isicelo ngesilinganiso 1.5 cm ungene ikhanda, ukuphuza isitsha -. 1 cm Ukuze zokuvimbela perepelyatam kusukela ngosuku wathela emqengqeni kancane isixazululo pink potassium permanganate emanzini abilisiwe, multivitamins ngesilinganiso 1 iconsi ngalinye 2 amakhanda. ewusizo kakhulu futhi ukufaka Iziphungo amakhambi chamomile, calendula, ukhova, sembabazane, fennel. Isipuni utshani 1 litre amanzi abilayo, alethwe ngamathumba futhi tomyat kwamaminithi ambalwa.

Qaphela ....

ü Ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili yezigwaca sikhule okuthiwa "Hemp" - izimpaphe esizayo futhi amaphuphu bheka ezingcolile futhi ezimanzi, kukhona isifiso sindisa them, kodwa eholela ekufeni. Ngisho noma iphuphu kakhulu ezigcotshwe, cwilisa ke yingozi.

ü Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe okungekona yeselula ye udoti ezimanzi futhi sidla imilenze izigwaca kwakhiwa corns. Awukwazi zama uyaziveza, lapho omisiwe, kufanele ezimanzi ngamanzi afudumele, bese kuphela kogotochki ke ecacile. Kungcono ukugwema lokhu, njengoba sklevyvanie, izinyoni droppings zabo. Ngakho-ke amaphuphu kangcono usuku liwele phansi anezikhala.

ü Perepelyata ukucwila emanzini ngakho oyifunayo cleaner emikhombeni kalula. Ngaphansi abaphuza ngalesi sikhathi angathengwa esitolo ekhethekile esosweni-yizindawo amathini, okuyinto efakwe nabokhulumile ingilazi jar setha nge igebe esosweni.

ü sesabe futhi njalo zazifihlwa ngaphansi iphepha isitokwe, ngokuvamile babhajwe khona. nginamahloni futhi ngingakaze jumpy! Ungavumeli Ukuphunyuka ithuba ebhokisini. Ungafaki izinyoni emgwaqeni ngaphandle amaseli ngabo ukulandela kungenzeki ukuzobaveza akulula, kodwa ngokwemvelo bayokufa.

ü Ngaphambi kwenyanga kungcono zivundulula okuphakelayo, uma zonke iphuphu efanayo ayiminyanisa ukudla eyomile, kungenzeka uzama ukusindisa kwakhe, ngobumnene baphokophelele isiqeshana simile ukudla emavikini ekucala ezimbili zokuphila izigwaca kungcono ukudla emathileyi ezenziwe plywood ngamapulangwe 5 mm okusezingeni eliphezulu.

ü Musa poite amaphuphu ngamandla ukugula. Uma iphuphu ayikwazi baphuze wedwa, ngoba izofa nakanjani.

ü ageze impukane umlotha-isihlabathi okugeza izigwaca kudingeka siqiniseke, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezinga-45 ubudala.

ü Kwenzeka ukuthi amaphuphu kude brooder, uzizwa ungajabule futhi kanzulu e, uhlale isikhathi eside endaweni nge eyanele ukuba lokushisa. Ungakwazi ukuhlela kocingo amakhadibhodi noma plywood izikrini kumbuthano at ibanga 1.25-1.5 m kusuka emaphethelweni brooder isambulela. Ngo indawo ebiyelwe amaphuphu uzothola ukudla namanzi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu. Izilwane ezisencane kuyinto ultraviolet ewusizo kakhulu futhi amaza okushisa.

Uma izinyoni bayavuswa yokubekela amaqanda, bese kolenyanga, ungahumushela kube okuphakelayo laying izikhukhukazi, kuba okuqukethwe namanje eshibhile. Izigwaca begijima ekhaya izinyanga 9-11, bese basuke ekhuluphele bese kuhlatshwa inyama.

Kana ngoba inyama lihlatshelwe engu-amasonto 4, lapho ungakwazi kakade ukuhlukanisa abesilisa kusukela izinsikazi. Ngokuvamile ukuze izidumbu babe isimo khuluphele, inyoni zangaphambi ekhuluphele, otsazhivaya amasonto elilodwa noma amabili esitokisini mnyama futhi ungene ekudleni namazambane abilisiwe.

Kuvela ...

Ü Imibukiso ye-quail ikhula ngokushesha kunamazinkukhu nama-pheasants. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-24 okufakwa ngaphakathi, izigwaca emaqanda zihlangana nokuthuthukiswa kwenkukhu yamahora angu-30. Imibukiso yama-quail ezinsuku ezinhlanu ihambisana nezinkukhu ezinsuku eziyisithupha nezinkukhu ezinamaviki.

• Ü Ijubane lezigwaca liphakeme kabili njengalokhu lidada likaPeking, futhi kathathu liphakeme kunelabo onogwaja. Umjikelezo ogcwele kusukela ekubekeni amaqanda kuya ku-incubator ngaphambi kweqanda lokuqala elivela ku-quail elincane liyizinsuku ezingu-40-66 kuphela.
• Ü Uma izigwaca zasendle ziqala ukwenziwa ngenyanga yeshumi nambili, inkukhu yasekhaya isithupha, kanti izigwaca zasemakhaya sezivele zikhona okwesibini.
• Ü Ngokunakekelwa kahle, izendlalelo zomuntu ngamunye zibeka amaqanda amabili ngosuku.
• Ü Izigwaca ezinhlanu zinezinombolo ezifanayo zamaqanda ngonyaka njengenkukhu eyodwa, kodwa zikhula ngokushesha kathathu, kanti i-unit ngayinye yesisindo esibukhoma siyadingeka kancane.
• Ü EJapane, izigwaca zokusatshalaliswa okwesibili kuphela kuma-broilers. Ukudla okuningi okusemathinini kukhiqizwa ekudleni kwezinyamazane. Mayelana nokuthi le nyoni idumile kangakanani, futhi ithi amaqanda ayo athengiswa khona ngisho nasezintabeni zama-newsstand.
• Ü Amaqanda amaqhwa asetshenziselwa imboni ye-bio. Ukuphikisana ne-leukemia kanye nezifo ezithandekayo kanye nokuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo kuvumela amaqanda okugwaza ngesibindi ngesimo esingenalutho.

Uhlu lwemithombo esetshenzisiwe:

Zadorozhnaya LA Perepelovodstvo. - P27 M: UMTHETHO; IDonetsk: Stalker, 2005

Mal kanye nemigwaqo. / Ipulazi / isakhiwo epulazini.-2000.- No. 4

Iformula ye perepelovodstva // Meat sphere / Pticeprom.- 2010. - № 4

I-Marinchenko Т.Е.