Metal Alloys

Metal Alloys kukhona izinhlelo liquid okuqinile. Basuke ezakhiwe alloying izakhi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Xhuma izinsimbi futhi ehlukile. elithi Ekuqaleni ecacisiwe okubhekiselwe kuphela izinto kokuba metallic izakhiwo. Nokho, nge ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe kanye nencazelo physics ezinwetshiwe futhi basakaza.

Izinsimbi nensimbi Alloys asetshenziswa kabanzi enkulu ekwakhekeni izinto zokwakha, imishini, amathuluzi kanye nezinye izinto. Naphezu kokwanda kahle eliphezulu zokukhiqiza lidale yokufakelwa, umkhiqizo izinto ngenhla ngokuvamile zakha isisekelo somklamo, futhi ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, uzogcina izikhundla zabo.

Ane-alikhali emhlabeni futhi alikhali izinsimbi (K, Na, Ca, Li) esimeni khulula asetshenziswa Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi njengendlela metal ketshezi. Sodium isetshenziswa kulethe enkulu ekwakhekeni iraba, lithium - doping oqinile, engasindi aluminium compounds. Zisetshenziswa izindiza.

Izinsimbi (base izinsimbi) atholakala ngokwemvelo kule nosawoti, oxides futhi imikhando. Ngokuvamile, ngefomu okumsulwa ngokwemvelo izakhi izinze amakhemikhali (Au, Pt, Cu, Ag). Phakathi izakhi oluvulekile Periodic uMendeleyev System ayisikhombisa nesithupha ubheke izinsimbi, Si, Se, Gen, Te , Njengoba - amalungu Lesisemkhatsini phakathi izinsimbi kanye nonmetals, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi, futhi semimetals.

Izinto zensimbi zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Eyokuqala ayina Alloys yayo (yensimbi steel), a lesibili - izinsimbi nonferrous futhi nonferrous metal Alloys. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe zibe:

- ukukhanya (kwabantu kuze 5 amagremu / cm3);

- esindayo (ukuminyana okukhulu kuka-10 grams / cm3);

- fusible (nge iphuzu ukuncibilika kusukela degrees 232 kuya 410);

- refractory (encibilika lokushisa obukhulu kunobukaJohane yensimbi);

- Noble (kokuba ukugqwala okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana).

Izinsimbi babe izakhiwo ezahlukene. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, i-mercury zilimaze ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa lokususa 38,8 degrees, tungsten uyakwazi withstanding izinga lokushisa lokusebenza afika ku 2000 degrees, sodium, lithium, i-potassium alula kakhulu kunomoya amanzi, futhi osmium futhi Iridium ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho lithium izikhathi ezingamashumi amane nambili. Cishe zonke Alloys metal abe nezici zazo zichazwe njenganoma isakhiwo kanye nokwakheka ekhuthaza ngokuvumelana Ukupholisa ngomoya kanye solidification izimo, ukwelashwa mechanical ezishisayo. Ukubandisa nokushisisa neqhaza ukushintsha kule nokwakheka metal compounds. Lokhu, kunemtselela izakhiwo ngokomzimba, mechanical futhi amakhemikhali, ukuziphatha okubalulekile phakathi kwenqubo kanye nokusetshenziswa.

Ochwepheshe ukukhomba Izakhiwo ezilandelayo jikelele izinsimbi kanye Alloys:

1. conductivity High ezishisayo.
2. ductility Eliphakeme.
3. High conductivity kagesi.
4. Positive lokushisa ipharamitha we ukumelana kagesi. Lesi isilinganiso limelela ukwanda ukumelana ne lokushisa okwandayo, futhi at okushisa eduze ngokuphelele zero - umumo wokwakha eziningi izinto metallic.
5. reflectivity okuphezulu. Izinto zensimbi akuzona esobala futhi ube nobuntu metallic ayebuthaka.
6. ekushayweni amakheli ndawonye - ikhono ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana electron lapho sishiswa ngakho.
7. Esikhathini okuqinile isimo crystal nesakhiwo.

Ukukhomba bese uqinisekisa izakhiwo ukuthi ube metal Alloys, Ochwepheshe zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene control, kuhlanganise elimazayo. Ngakho, metallic izinto lwahlolwa ukuze plasticity, amandla, ukushisa ukumelana, nokumelana ukugqwala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zisebenza izindlela ukulawula non-elimazayo. Lezi zihlanganisa nesilinganiso kazibuthe, optical, izakhiwo kagesi, ubulukhuni Inkomba ukuzimisela.