Uwoyela ukuminyana

Ubuningi - yiyona isisindo we ketshezi, elisetendeni ivolumu iyunithi. Yokukala iyona kwabantu (kg / m³) amakhilogremu ngalinye imitha cubic. Kusukela Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali iqembu incike kwabantu nophethiloli. I kwabantu kulencane kukhona carbohydrate upharafini kanye ngobukhulu - carbohydrate enamakha naphthenic. Fractional yokwakheka uwoyela inomthelela ukubaluleka kwabantu. Kukhula kwabantu amafraktjhini fuel (uwoyela), ayanda izinga lokushisa imibuso umsebenzi wokupheka inhlama. Ngo umkhuba nazo ubuningi dimensionless. Lokhu ukuminyana isihlobo okuyinto isilinganiso kwabantu amafutha (fuel) ezingeni lokushisa ezithile kwabantu amanzi, ezithathwe esilinganayo, ezingeni lokushisa ezine degrees Celsius. Ngezinye 4 ° C kwabantu amanzi 1000 kg / m³. I kwabantu isihlobo likalwa ezingeni 20 ° C.

Idivayisi, elinganisa kwabantu uwoyela, esibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrometer.

Ukuze ukukala kwabantu ketshezi esitsheni lamafutha hydrometer ibekwe ukuze bentanta ngokukhululekile khona. Esikalini hydrometer ihlumela ukuminyana amagugu. Ubuningi kungabuye ubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula: nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu ehlukaniswa ivolumu ngamalitha.

Ngakho, ngokwazi ivolumu kanye ukuminyana sokunquma hydrometer amafutha hydrometer, petroleum tonnage kalula ukunquma ngokuvele azalane kwabantu by volume.

Ngo kakhulu kwabantu uwoyela (udizili amafutha, umshini, njll). Plotnometrov eyenziwa besebenzisa hydrometer noma imikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Njengoba kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi zendabuko, okwenza ukucacisa kwabantu uwoyela (hydrometers) kunezinzuzo eziningi plotnometr iyiphi. Ngo ibanga elincane kakhulu, uzokwazi ukukala hydrometer kwabantu. Uma uketshezi singenakulinganiswa ngayinye ukuthenga hydrometer, wena, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwazi ukulondoloza ku ukuthengwa imitha electronic kwabantu, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyodingeka ukuthenga hydrometers entsha esikhundleni iphahlazeka. Kodwa uma ukuthenga plotnometr, kuzoba yindlela elula kakhudlwana yokulinganisa ukuminyana, ungayisebenzisa iminyaka eminingi. Qiniseka ukuba acabangele lapho uthenga plotnometra ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi zalolu hlobo, ngaphezu elabhorethri, kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi eqinisekisiwe sokuvikelwa ukuqhuma, ngoba nesilinganiso wenziwa ezindaweni empikiswaneni evuthayo.

uwoyela kwabantu nesilinganiso kuyadingeka ukuze ukulinganisa izinga fuel futhi ukunquma inani yalo. Quantification sibalo mass iwumkhiqizo petroleum ngu yokulinganisa lokushisa yayo, ukuminyana futhi ezingeni (ukubala umthamo).

IMisa ibalwa ngokunembile ngenxa lezi nemingcele it is kushintsha kuphela izohlala ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo izoshintsha njengoba inani (ezingeni) namafutha kwabantu.

Ukumanzisa kuzo zonke izingxenye ezinyakazayo yenjini ivumela amafutha engine. Ihlanganisa izingxenye ifilimu ovikelayo, okuyinto kunciphisa ukuxabana futhi ukugqoka, okuholela amandla adluliselwe amasondo. Iphinde kuvimbela ukungcola, ukugqwala lenjini izingxenye kanye imali eziyingozi. uwoyela Engine kungaba iqalele iqiniso lokuthi egumbini amandla omlilo kususa ukushisa okudlulele by odlula khona phansi sump.

Mineral amafutha kukhona amafutha elula esetshenziswa indoda amashumi eminyaka. Khiqiza kubo ngu ukuhlanzwa we uwoyela ongahluziwe ke amafutha ixubene izithasiselo ehlukahlukene okuyinto ukuvimbela ukwakheka kodaka, izidakamizwa ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuwohloka viscosity ngcono. Mineral amafutha okulula ezishibhile futhi ube isilinganiso.

Ngo-laboratory ukukhiqiza zokwenziwa uwoyela. Ziyakwazi ezibizayo futhi uzithole ngokusebenzisa eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali izinqubo.

amafutha Semisynthetic kukhona Izingxube ezimbili zokuqala. Zilala ratio 20-30% zokwenziwa uwoyela 70-80% we amaminerali.