Kuyini TNT okulingana? Amandla of kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi TNT okulingana, lapho ukuhlolwa yethulwa, bona alinganiswe, futhi kungani udinga incazelo enjalo.

ekuqaleni

Ngowokuqala ngqa kuqhume, elalihlanganyela esintwini okungukuthi neziqhumane. It yasungulwa eChina ngo ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu, kodwa isikhathi eside yasetshenziselwa kuphela njengoba yamathebhu ngoba iziqhumane nezinye imibukiso ukuzijabulisa. Kwaba Ephakathi, kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile cishe zonke izimpi.

Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX esikhundleni sakhe kwavela ezinye iziqhumane, onamandla kakhulu, iphephile futhi isebenza ngempumelelo. Futhi omunye wabo, esetshenziselwa kuze kube yilolu suku, kungcono trinitrotoluene noma TNT. It is kabanzi ngakho wasebenzisa futhi izinto ezahlukene ukuthi sekuyinkinga elithile TNT kwisilinganiso izenzakalo ephezulu amandla, ezifana ukuqhuma nezinye iziqhumane, imithelela meteorite uwela kanye Yiqiniso, amabhomu enuzi. Lokhu kwenziwa kube lula ukubala, kwakukhona uhlobo jikelele wokulinganisa iyunithi. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

inkathi yama-athomu

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, izwe wanikezwa entsha futhi eyesabekayo ngamandla alo izikhali, esekelwe kwamazinyo amandla angama-athomu uranium, futhi plutonium kamuva.

Ngamafuphi nje, owokuqala ibhomu le-athomu basebenza "inganono" Isimiso kahle elula. Kwabe sekudingeka kule ndlela ukukala ukuqhuma yabo njengoba TNT. izingcezu ezimbili uranium ahlanganiswe kakhulu zafakwa ozwakala "tube" okuphambene nomunye, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ubhidliza chemical alufakwa Ngabasola ngalokho ngomfutho omkhulu, kanjalo ukuqala ukusabela chain lokubola zama-athomu uranium, ephelezelwa namandla amakhulu ukuqhuma. Ngokwesibonelo, TNT isikhali okulingana yenuzi Hiroshima zazisuka kilotons 13 no-18. Kodwa ingabe wayesho ukuthi?

Inani

Ngokusho ukwamukelwa esemthethweni isiqu, okulingana TNT luhlukaniswe amanani alandelayo:

• G.
• Kg.
• Ithoni.
• Kt (izinkulungwane zamathani).
• Megaton (izigidi ezingu amathani).

Ngamagama alula, okulingana TNT - kumane kubonisa ukuthi udinga ukuphinda ayinto efanayo ukuqhuma noma izenzakalo -. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, nokunye N.

Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki

August 6, 1945 waba ngowokuqala futhi, ngenhlanhla, zinyanga ukusetshenziswa langempela kwezikhali zenuzi ezimpini. A iziqhumane zasemkhathini eHiroshima waba inhlekelele edabukisayo abantu bakhe, ngoba, njenganoma iyiphi enye isikhali uyaca, awusebenzi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwenani ezivamile lempi. Ukuqhuma cishe bawubhubhisa ngokuphelele umuzi.

Nakuba kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono, ukuklanywa ibhomu wawunamaphutha. Ngenxa yalokho labo bonke mass zokusebenza uranium eqhekeza ayithelanga% 1 kuphela. Mhlawumbe lokhu isici ukuvumela ukugwema abalimala enkulu nakakhulu.

A iziqhumane zasemkhathini eHiroshima kuze kube manje, ngemva kokuzikhandla amashumi eminyaka amaningi, kungaphansi impikiswano mayelana isidingo yayo ngisho kulingane, ngoba kwafa nokwesabekayo yizakhamuzi, nokuningi kwesokunxele eziningi abagogekile ukuphila ngenxa flash enamandla yokukhanya, esingalapheki okwamanje umlilo izakhiwo kanye incinerates abantu .

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu kube senkingeni efanayo kwamehlela izakhamuzi Nagasaki.

Kukhona akulona iqiniso ukuthi la amahhashi ukubeka nokubhonywa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili US amabutho. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala. Bathi nje kuye kwalethela ekupheleni okusheshayo isiphelile Imperial Japanese Army, okuyinto wayelwa nezimpi ezimbili, ngokumelene United States zasePacific naseNyakatho-USSR eliseMpumalanga Ekude.

Ukuqhuma TNT amabhomu, ngofuzo Hiroshima, zazisuka amathani 13 kuya kwezingu-18 TNT (kt) kanye Nagasaki - 21 kilotons.

Atoms For Peace

Ngaphezu zenuzi, "silwisana" ka imfucumfucu enemisebe ukunikeza abantu abaningi umthombo cishe ongashi amandla ngesimo sikhungo ngamacebo ezahlukene, esukela omkhulu umusi abaphehla ugesi kokunikeza ugesi nemizi yonke, ophela radioisotope compact, okuthiwa RTGs, okuyinto ngesikhathi eSoviet Union kabanzi ekhiqizwa futhi bakhonza amandla zezibani neziteshi ucwaningo Arctic. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abanazo kuphela ukwenza le minyaka, futhi ikakhulukazi kungukuthi okwezikhali zamaNtungwa. It got kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi bendawo engumthengisi Uzame pass RTGs laqaqwa.

Ngenhlanhla, nempi yenuzi, okuyinto ngakho esatshwe ezikhathini kwesimo phakathi kwe-USSR futhi USA, akuzange kwenzeke. Nezikhali zenuzi zihlale kunalokho isilinganiso ukukhalima, okuyinto ebambezela lizwe nokubhujiswa mutual noma ekuqaleni impi entsha emhlabeni.

nezinye izinto

Amandla TNT futhi awasebenzi kuphela ubheke elilandelayo engumbulali icala zenuzi. It is kulinganiswa kusukela Meteor imithelela, ukuqhuma, futhi ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo nezinye iziqhumane zamakhemikhali. Lesi isilinganiso kubonisa ukuthi into namandla noma ntekenteke TNT. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla luyibhuqu lwezinyawo 0,55-0,66, ammonal - 0.99 hexogen - TNT 1.3-1.6.