Metallic no-non-metallic izakhiwo: ithebula njengesiqondiso

Umqondo "izinsimbi" zonke ngokwami kunjalo ukumela. Iron, isiliva, igolide, ithusi, phambili. La magama atholakala ezindabeni njalo, bambalwa kakhulu abantu izobe ukubuza imibuzo mayelana noma yiziphi izinto zensimbi. Noma kunjalo, kwakungeke ubuhlungu ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalokho insimbi uma ufuna ngokombono usokhemisi futhi physics, ukuze akhumbule umbono uhlelo zomhlaba. Ngokuqondene ukuphelela ulwazi ngale ndaba ngeke ubuhlungu ukuze ufunde mayelana namanye amaqembu - non-izinsimbi kanye metalloids. Uyini zensimbi-non-metallic izakhiwo?

Uma imemori sihlanganiswe

Non-okusansimbi kubonakale engaqondakali xaxa, labo ungakhumbuli esikoleni i-chemistry, ngakho ukugxila izakhiwo okungezona metallic kanye metallic, ngokulandelana, kufanele ithathwe ikakhulukazi njengoba okuphambene. Iqiniso lokuthi ungakhumbuli, akukho ihlazo, ubuchopho bomuntu kunzima ukugcina ulwazi engqondweni lokho akudingeki nsuku zonke. Ngakho, senza uhlu izakhiwo okungezona metallic bese baphawule nabo, ukwenza uliqonde kangcono.

Ayikho ukushisa, ezingenawo ugesi

Non-okusansimbi izinsimbi sibi ukuqhuba ugesi nokushisa. Ngakho-ke, mug Ceramic, okokuqala, kunesithembiso ukushisa ungcono metal, futhi okwesibili, kungenzeka ukuba ashise izandla zakho phezu mug engaphansi kakhulu ukwedlula lesosha yensimbi mug. Futhi khumbula, ukuphepha, ubuyele eceleni kusukela umthombo umuntu abathintekayo akukwazi wamanje sufaka. Kodwa isihlahla angasebenzisa, carbon ngokhuni - nonmetal. Impahla metal - ukuqhuba zamanje metallic ezinhle izakhiwo zihlanganisa conductivity ongaphakeme.

Fragility noma plasticity

izinto Pure ekungalayishweni izinsimbi ngokuvamile ziyaqothuka noma ngokuvamile ngokuvamile khona isimo okuqinile in ifomu powder. Metal UKWAKHA, zingathonywa yilabo lokushisa, amathuluzi kanye nefomu eqandisiwe esiyinqaba (zisebenzisa le mfanelo ibhizinisi Foundry). Non-okusansimbi musa kusetshenzwe. Non-okusansimbi ngokuvamile, ngisho noma kwenzeka ngesimo izingcezu, kusadingeka kwabantu ongaphakeme futhi ngokuvamile ngesimo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe.

Ithebula njengoba nebalazwe lendawo

Uma "hamba" etafuleni gqwa kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, uzophawula ukuthi izakhiwo okungezona metallic zithuthukiswa kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla. Helium - kwekulu "Excellent okungezona izinto ezimbiwa phansi." Kodwa uma uya phansi etafuleni, izakhiwo metallic of lantambama. Izinsimbi wokuba nodlame njengoba makehle phansi etafuleni gqwa. Ngakho, ishadi lesikhathi kungaba cishe lokucabanga izakhiwo izinto ezilula, ehlanganisa zama-athomu ezakhi ethile. Into "phakathi" abizwa ngokuthi metalloids futhi asetshenziswa njalo ubunjiniyela kagesi njengoba Semiconductors.

Ukusetshenziswa non-izinsimbi

Ububanzi Jikelele zonke ze-non-izinsimbi ungapheli. Ngamunye has "lunye" ayo, njengezigqila ezingewona ama-metallic izinto - ezahlukene. amagesi inert asetshenziselwa ukukhangisa ongaphandle, selenium - I-toners abasembonini yokunyathelisa, nesibabule uku umdlalo. Thina njalo nazo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke nge izinto, okuyinto aqukethe non-izinsimbi nemikhiqizo.

Ngakho, izindawo ze-non-metallic, njengemicu yensimbi, kungenziwa babebikezele ishadi lesikhathi. Futhi lamaphethini Ziyathakazelisa, ngoba izitolo ithebula zisekhona izimfihlo eziningi yokuzamazama ukuthi kusiza ososayensi ukuba bheka kude esikhathini esidlule, futhi mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo. nentshisekelo ikusasa metalloid Ikakhulukazi.