Gilbert Chesterton. Ukudala komlobi

Ngonyaka ka-2003, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Indoda ene-Golden Key", i-autobiography kaGilbert Chesterton yashicilelwa. Kule ncwadi, yena, umlobi ohlonishwayo wezinkinga, ukhuluma ngaye ngokwakhe nezinkolelo zakhe. Kodwa noma yikuphi uKesterton ayekhazimulisile esikhathini esidlule, ngalokho ayekuloba noma okuhleka usulu, uhlupheka manje. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sihlobene kanjani neziphetho zakhe nezeluleko, into eyodwa ibalulekile - kunzima ukungathandi umuntu othanda abantu ngobuqotho, ukhathazekile ngabo futhi wayekhathazeka kakhulu ukubasiza.

Brief biography

Umlobi waseNgisi uChesterton Gilbert Keith wazalwa ngo-1874 eLondon. Uyise wayengumthengisi wezindlu. Umndeni wayenabantwana abathathu, kodwa udadewabo kaGilbert washona lapho eneminyaka emibili ubudala. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, umfowabo kaCecil wazalwa. Ubaba wakhe wagcoba ama-watercolor, wabhala, wabhala izincwadi zezingane zakhe futhi wazishiya.

Ngo-1881, uGilbert Keith Chesterton waya esikoleni samalungiselelo, futhi ngo-1887 wangena esikoleni saseSt. Paul. Kwabanye, bekuhlukile ukuthi kwakuphakathi kweLondon, futhi abafundi bahlala ekhaya. Ukuqhubeka nemfundo e-University Chesterton ngenkani wayengafuni ukuthi afundwe ngandlela-thile, wathola ukulinganisa - wahamba waya ezifundweni zesiNgisi izincwadi eNyuvesi yaseLondon. Noma kunjalo, uGilbert wayelokhu efunda esikoleni sokudweba. Wayefuna ukuba ngumculi, kodwa maduze washiya imidwebo. Wathandwa yizincwadi.

Umlobi uGilbert Keith Chesterton wayengeyona ingozi, njengoba ebhala kusukela esemncane. Umsebenzi kulo mkhakha, waqala eneminyaka engamashumi amabili endlini yokushicilela "umbuyekezi" weBuman, wabe esethuthela endlini yokushicilela "T. UFischer Anvin. " Amanothi kaGilbert ezincwadini ayehlakaniphile kangangokuba waqaphela emibuthanweni yombhalo.

UChesterton wasizwa ukuba ashicilele izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala nezinkondlo. Babenesithakazelo kuPikling noShaw, ngokushesha nje lapho igama lakhe livela ekunyathelweni. Kwaphela unyaka u-Chesterton waziwa, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva waba omunye wabalobi abangcono kakhulu baseNgilandi. Njengomlobi, uGilbert wayekhulu kakhulu. Ipeni lakhe lingamakhulu angaphezu kwekhulu lamisebenzi.

Imibuzo kanye namanothi uChesterton awakwazi ukubalwa, kuphela "ku-Illustrated London News" aphuma cishe ngo-1600, futhi washicilelwa hhayi kuphela lapho. I-Chesterton idumile kuwo wonke uhlobo. UGilbert Chesterton wabhala iziqoqo eziyisikhombisa zezinkondlo, izibalo eziyishumi, amanoveli ayisithupha kanye namaqoqo ayishumi nanye amafushane.

UChesterton wabulawa ngesifo senhliziyo ngo-1936.

Iyini isici semisebenzi yakhe?

Ucabanga ukuthi uChesterton wayecabanga ukuthi wayevame ukufaka ifomu elidinga ukuxoshwa. Inhliziyo yomsebenzi womlobi kuwumbono onethemba lokuphila, ngokusekelwe ekukholweni okujulile kuNkulunkulu nangokwengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka kukaChesterton njengomlobi akufanele kuphoqelele ukungokoqobo, kodwa ukuze kube lula.

Iningi lemisebenzi yakhe yemvelo ayibhaliwe njengomcwaningi-umcwaningi wobuntu nobuciko babalobi, kodwa njengomfundi we-Chesterton. I-biography ibonakala igxila ngemuva, futhi ubuciko balaba balobi kungenxa yesizathu sikaChesterton sokucabanga ngezihloko zezombusazwe, ubuciko, inkolo.

Yile nhlanganisela yemigomo yezintatheli nezengqondo ezakha isitayela somdwebo wezobuciko be-Chesterton. Yini eyenza ikhange kubafundi, ngoba isithombe somlobi sibonakala siyiqiniso futhi siyanelisa. Akuyona ingozi ukuthi uCharles Dickens, ebhalwe yiChesterton, ubhekwa njengomunye wemisebenzi engcono kakhulu ngomlobi omkhulu.

Njengomthetho, emisebenzini yabalobi abaningi, ngokuphathelene nanoma yiziphi izenzakalo ezimpilweni zabo, ukuphenduka kufike. Yini ongayisho ngoChesterton. Umuntu omuhle, onolwazi, wayehlukaniswa ngenye uhlobo "yobuntwana". UGilbert Chesterton wabheka umhlaba njengeyisimangaliso, - ejabule futhi emangalisa. Futhi isimo sengqondo salabo abaseduze naye sasifanayo.

Ukufunda indlela yakhe yokuphila, umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi impilo yakhe yonke, njengobuntwana bakhe, yayingekho. Kodwa namanje kunezehlakalo ezimbili ezingakhohlwayo ukuthi ngandlela-thile zathonya umsebenzi wakhe.

Owokuqala, obaluleke kakhulu kumlobi, umshado wakhe kuFrancis Blogg ngo-1901. UChesterton wayenakekela le ntombazane isikhathi eside, kepha akazange amise usuku lomshado. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokungathandi komama kaGilbert ukubona uFrancis njengomalokazana wakhe. Usuku olulindelwe isikhathi eside, olujabulisayo lwabantu abasha lafika, futhi emva kwalokho uChesterton evela ezihlokweni nasezinhlakeni emaphephandabeni waphendukela emisebenzini embi kakhulu. Waqala ukubhala i-prose yobuciko - izindaba kanye namanoveli.

Umcimbi wesibili, owawuthinta umsebenzi wakhe, wawungekho injabulo. Ngo-1914 umlobi uChesterton Gilbert wagula kakhulu, izinyanga eziningana umlobi wayengazi lutho. Ngemva kwalokho umbono wezwe kaChesterton ushintshile, obonakala emisebenzini yakhe. Ngokwemisebenzi yale nkathi, indaba ephathelene nokufundiswa kwemvelo iyinto evamile. Imibono kaChesterton yathola ukujula nokukhanya.

Ubuciko Chesterton

Umsebenzi wezincwadi uGilbert Chesterton waqala ngezinkondlo. Kodwa iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo "Playing Old Men" alenzanga impumelelo. Iqoqo lesibili le "Wild Knight", nakuba likhishwe ngu-Kipling, nalo liye langaqapheli. Ikusasa leqoqo lezinhlobonhlobo laliphumelele kakhulu.

Incwadi yokuqala ethi "The Defender" yayinemibiko ekhishwe "uSomlomo" kanye ne "Daily News". Womabili amaphephandaba ayegcwele izikhukhula ngezincwadi zabafundi, futhi izihloko kwakudingeka zishicilelwe kuhlelo oluhlukile. Lapho iqoqo lesibili lishicilelwa, inkazimulo yomlobi uChesterton yayisetshenzisiwe kakade.

Okuthandwa kakhulu kwakuyi "AbaHoli" abashicilelwe ngo-1905, iqoqo elikhishwe ngo-1908 "Kubo Bonke" futhi lanyatheliswa ekuqaleni kuka-1912, inkulumo ethi "Izinhlobo Eziyishumi Nanye."

Ngaphandle kwama-biographies ashicilelwe ezincwadini ezihlukene, uGilbert Chesterton wabhala inqwaba yezindaba zezinto eziphilayo. Iqoqo lokuqala le "Twelve Portraits" lihlanganisa izingxoxo ezimbongi, abaculi, izibalo zomlando kanye nabalobi beprose. Izincwadi ze-Chesterton: "URobert Browning," eyanyatheliswa ngo-1903, uCharles Dickens, eyanyatheliswa ezinhlokweni ezihlukene kusukela ngo-1906 kuya ku-1909, bese ishicilelwa kuqoqo elilodwa. Ipeni lakhe liyimisebenzi ephawulekayo ngoBraw Shaw noW. Blake, mayelana noR. Stephenson, osebenza noChesterton izikhathi eziningi.

Imisebenzi yomlando yaseChesterton ihlanganisa imisebenzi emibili - "Umlando Omfushane weNgilandi" no "Ubugebengu base-England", inkondlo ethi "Ballad of White Horse" kanye nezingqinamba ezingaba ngu-20. Lapha, njengama-biographies, wayengumlingani weqiniso. Emuva esikoleni, umlobi wamangaza wonke umuntu ngokuvuthwa kwezici zakhe zomlando. Kule misebenzi, wakwazi ukubamba iqhaza lezehlakalo zomlando futhi wawadlulisela ngamazwi akhe ajwayelekile, ahlukene noGilbert Chesterton.

Izincwadi ezihlokweni zenkolo ezisepeni lendoda enkulu ziphakamisa imibuzo nezinkinga eziqondakalayo kubafundi abaningi. Baheha abafundisi. Ngo-1908, inkulumo ethi "Orthodoxy" yashicilelwa. Isiqu esithi "uSanta Francis wase-Assisi", eshicilelwe ngo-1923, sasiwazisa kakhulu uPapa. Ngo-1925, uChesterton wabhala inkulumo ethi "Eternal Man". UG. Green, umlobi waseNgisi, wabiza lo msebenzi ngokuthi "enye yezincwadi ezinkulu kakhulu zekhulu".

U-Chesterton ungumnikazi wamanoveli:

• "Napoleon of Notting Hill," enyatheliswa ngo-1904.
• "Indoda EyesineLwesine", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1908.
• "I-Ball and Cross", ephrintiwe ngo-1910.
• "Umuntu uyaphila", enyatheliswa ngo-1912.
• "Ukuhamba Okuhambayo", enyatheliswa ngo-1914.
• Ishicilelwe ngo-1927 "Ukubuya kweDon Quixote", njll.

Abahloli beChesterton

Kodwa imisebenzi evelele kakhulu yaseChesterton yayiyizindaba ngompristi wamaKatolika, owayehlakaniphile ngaphezu kukaSherlock Holmes ukuqeda ubugebengu:

• Incwadi yokuqala ethi "Ukungazi kwaBawo Brown" yanyatheliswa ngo-1911.
• Ngo-1914 incwadi yesibili ethi "The Wisdom of Father Brown" yanyatheliswa.
• "Ukusola kukaBawo Brown" kwanyatheliswa ngo-1926.
• "Imfihlo KaBaba Brown" yanyatheliswa ngo-1927.
• Incwadi yokugcina "Isigameko esihlambalaza noBawo Brown" sanyatheliswa ngo-1935.

Umdwebo wezenzo zakhe uqobo futhi uyingqayizivele. Zibhalwe ngesitayela esilalelekile nesilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ufumbathisa ukuthi umlingisi oyinhloko womjikelezo ungumpristi wamaKatolika, isikhali sakhe esiyinhloko siyilo logic. Abanobuhle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubaba ubaba uBrown uveza izindaba ezingamanga kakhulu.

Umnikelo kaKeysterton kumuntu ophikisana nawo uhlonishwa kakhulu ngababili abagxeka nabafundi. Ukulandisa kukaBawo Brown kuhlonishwa njengama-classics ale hlobo. Indaba ejabulisayo yompristi wamaKatolika igcwalisa ngokuphelele isitayela sama-aphoristic, amahlaya nolwazi olujulile ngemvelo yabantu. UChesterton waba ngusihlalo wokuqala we "Detective Writers Club", kanti u-A. Christie wabeka esikhundleni somlobi kulokhu okuthunyelwe.