Folk isiko. Russian Folk isiko. Folk isiko kanye namasiko

Cishe zonke izizwe ifa lalo. Omunye amathuluzi main yokudlulisela kuyinto ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso (temdzabu). Kamuva esihlokweni sicabangela umqondo kabanzi, ake siqhathanise ke izitayela yesimanje.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Emlandweni ezizweni zonke lapho, futhi abantu, futhi ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso. Lesi sakamuva into yesimanje ngaphezulu. Isibonelo ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso: iqembu labantu abasha ukucula izingoma umdwebi odumile, kokuzungeza emigwaqweni. Omunye umbono ohluke ngokuphelele. Folk isiko ukufunda imithombo amaholide kazwelonke noma imizekeliso, tinganekwane, kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Kulesi sisekelo, kuba sobala ukuthi esimweni sokuqala sisebenzelana mores yesimanje. A Folk - Folk isiko - uchaza ukuphila kwekhulu elidlule. Zonke izinhlobo zamasiko sezisunguliwe kudala futhi manje sezibhekwa njengezindawo ifa zomlando. Incenye lencane yaloku imisebenzi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile ezweni lanamuhla.

degree of ukuthuthukiswa

Zikhona amazinga ezimbili ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso - high futhi yehlise. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa yezinganekwane, imizekeliso, besina lasendulo, amaqhawe, nokunye. N. encishisiwe kubhekwe ibonakalisa ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso. Ngokuyinhloko, usebenza esekhona kusukela kudala, kukhona Abadali engaziwa. Inganekwane, epics, besina, izingoma, izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane kukhona phakathi imisebenzi ebaluleke kunayo kwezobuciko kakhulu. Sinenkosi akuhlangene ne ukubonakaliswa elite. Kukholakala ukuthi ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso kufikile ezweni lanamuhla endala. kuncike wayo kubhekwa isizwe sisonke. Lapha, akukho Abadali ngabanye kanye abaculi professional eyajabulela ngalinye ngokuhlukile. isiko okunjalo kuyingxenye impilo kanye nomsebenzi wabantu. Zonke imisebenzi yayenziwa adluliselwa ngomlomo futhi ube izinketho ezimbalwa. Ukudlala Folk isiko kungaba umuntu (indaba, inganeko), mass (carnivals), iqembu (umdanso umdanso noma ingoma).

izilaleli

Society iye njalo wayebonisa isithakazelo ngesiko-mpilo ethandwa, ngakho ubizwa bamukeleke imiphakathi zezimboni kanye zendabuko. Nokho, lapha imvelo isimo okuthunyelwe izimboni ukuhluka. Uma sikhuluma umehluko abantu namasiko okusezingeni eliphezulu, zingabantu ezifanayo nalezo umehluko ezinhlanga nezizwe. Uyini umehluko? isiko kaZwelonke kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu kuphela ngocansi ngokubhala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nobuzwe - e ezahlukene (ngomlomo, ngokubhalwa phansi, nabanye). isiko Elite wadala sabantu abafundile, nobuzwe - izakhamuzi abafundisekile kahle. Eminyakeni yamuva, izilaleli zanamuhla waba nesithakazelo Folk isiko kanye namasiko.

ingxenye yobuhle

Kuyini lokhu? Folk art isiko wukuthi umuntu master, sibonga ikhono layo ukuba sigxile ezintweni ezithile, futhi ukuze bahlanganise konke lokhu isinqamu okunenjongo lingadlulisela konke lokhu ngesimo ingoma, umdanso kanye izinkondlo. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona ukuthuthukiswa yobuhle ngabanye ngokukhethekile kanye nomphakathi uwonke. Art isiko okungadonsela kwenqwaba sabantu. Yonke imisebenzi adalwe kokubili ochwepheshe kanye nayizimfundamakhwela. Zonke izingoma, lyrics, izinkondlo ezikufanelekelayo ukunakwa, zizuzwe futhi babe art. Umuntu Uyakwazi ukudlulisela imicabango yakhe evesini, iculo noma amabhubesi, izibusiso ezicebile ngokomoya, anakho enomqondo ovulekile futhi abelana ngobuqotho okuvelayo yakhe. abantu sibonga ngonyaka abaculi ngonyaka nethuba yokucebisa umhlaba wabo ongaphakathi, uvale umuzwa wobuze umphefumulo.

Russian Folk isiko

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa sifundwa wesayensi eziningi. -discipline ngayine inezidingo umbono ayo isihloko nezindlela zayo uphenyo. Umthamo ulwazi olusha kangangokuba ososayensi awunaso isikhathi ukuqapha futhi ukuthuthukisa ke kwandzisa lwati zezemfundo kanye nolwazi oluqondene nabo. Ifa Folk isiko usuku ngalunye oludlulayo ke kuba more. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into ngayinye luziveza libe yindawo lapho ukugcina zonke umqondo emhlabeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-discipline ngayine kuyinto ulwazi lwabo njengoba yakhula kakhulu emkhakheni izindinganiso ezingokomoya: temdzabu, izincwadi, ubuciko umlando - kusuka izithonjana ukuze musicology yokwakha. Wonke umuntu onekareko Russian Folk isiko, uyazi ngazo zonke impumelelo lezi amasiko njengoba benjalo ezwakalayo esifundekayo futhi agqoke obala. Inombolo yabo nokungazani uthi ukuzalwa izakhi abantu. Futhi izimpawu ukuthi ngokuzikhandla ukuphinda ukuthi bangabafokazi yobuciko isiko Russian, ukubeka isithombe nobuciko abantu Russian.

ukuqonda

Kunemibono ehlukene mayelana elithi "isiko athandwayo." Lokhu okulandelayo, lawo ngamaphuzu ayinhloko umbono:

• yokukhanyisela amakilasi aphansi emphakathini;
• ukukhanyiselwa "futhi bengafundile" umphakathi;
• isiko ukuthi Kuvezwe elite, kodwa iye "kwehlisa" phansi.

Lokho kuzimisela wenziwa umqondo engqondweni yethu esimweni ubuka ndima ethize yomlando.

Traditional Folk isiko abalimi

Yasungulwa ngesisekelo ukuqonda zenkolo. Kwakungekhona kangaka njalo ngokomoya, njengoba okuqukethwe eyinhloko impilo engokomoya. isiko ongumlimi kwadingeka abanazo ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, ivumela ukuba azibonayo kahle ukubona izwe, ekusizeni ukuze balukhulume kahle bezibona sezinzwa futhi supersensible. Ngokuhambisana ukubukwa eziningana ababhali zingabekwa ezingeni umqondo efanayo "inkolo" futhi "ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso". Ukuthuthukiswa ingokomoya abalimi iwumthombo obalulekile intuthuko eyengeziwe emphakathini ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elikhula ngokushesha emadolobheni e-Europe. Sahlala abantu kunqunywa kakhulu - inqaba, izinduna ababefuna ukuba bashintshe ukuphila kwabo. izinhlobo ezintsha imisebenzi elandelayo: ezohwebo, ukuhweba.

zemihla

Nge ukuqeqeshwa classical eRussia endulo kwakungeyona okuhle kakhulu. Khona-ke anqoba ukungathembani we "amaqaba 'isayensi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona eziningi endaweni ethandwa kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kuyafaneleka iconography, ubungcweti isonto, ukucula eyimidanti zemihla. Russian wemilando abantu besikhathi wayengatshela lonke iphuzu kwendaba, wayengumuntu historiosopher, isazi sefilosofi Umlobi womlando. "Yokufundisa", "amazwi" Zazinjalo ethandwa kakhulu. Nakuba ikhodi kuqala elilotshiwe lemithetho yasungulwa. Russian Folk isiko kwadingeka zonke izici-European. Bese kwacishe kwadingeka mehluko kusukela temdzabu yobuKristu.

inkolo

Folk inkolo eRussia ayenamagama ezimbili esontweni nemibuthano yesayensi kwekhulu le-19. Bazimisele imvelo yayo njengendlela yokuthola izinhlelo zamagama ukholo lobuKristu futhi "amaqaba 'izinkolelo. Igama abantu bokuqala sithi indoda - "ukholo ezimbili", owesibili - ". Yenkolelo yasekhaya" Eyokuqala kusebenza ukusetshenziswa yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni ezweni lanamuhla, kusolakala ososayensi ngokusemthethweni. Ngokwezwi nezwi, leli gama kufanele kuvisiswe ukuxhumana izinkolo ezimbili zenkolo ethandwayo. Ziningi izifundo izinkolelo lwamaSlav aseMpumalanga (futhi Russian) main isithakazelo ethnographers esihloselwe "isipiliyoni amaqaba ', ukuvuselelwa onobuhle zakudala nencazelo. NgeNkathi Ephakathi eRussia futhi eWest kwakukhona igebe phakathi ncwadi bendabuko kanye abalazi Emiphakathini eminingi abantu okumbalwa. nezihlakaniphi Russian abanesifiso ukuba ngumnikazi isiGreki, namanje silitadishe ngaphansi Prince Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile: otolika yabo samanje eKiev. Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi eMpumalanga Ephakathi neRussia, izikhungo yobuKristu, futhi ekugcineni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi senzakalo siyiqiniso, akuseyona aphazamisekile.

Inani

kwaba kanjani ukwakheka izindinganiso zokuziphatha? Popular isiko - kuyinto art umkhiqizo elingokomoya adalwe a ezifundwayo. It yenzelwe izihlwele, nabaningi ababukeli. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuthi yakhelwe hhayi kuphela ukubungaza eziningi abantu, kodwa futhi enothisa imicabango yabo. Folk isiko, izibonelo zazo letinikwe lapha ngenhla, kuba impela efanele emphakathini wanamuhla. Namuhla, kunamabandla ambalwa abantu abangekho nesithakazelo kule efeni elingokomoya lokhokho. Popular isiko ingaze cishe wonke umuntu wanoma yimuphi yobudala futhi yiliphi izinga lemfundo. Sici Its main - lula (umbhalo, ukunyakaza, umsindo kalula ziqondakala abantu). Isiko yakhelwe abantu uhlobo ngokomzwelo.

ekukhuleni

Noma yimuphi isiko bubonakala izici ashukumisayo futhi static. Yiqiniso, intuthuko engokomoya nayo iyathinteka kulokhu. Kumiswa isiko - into kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Statics inikela isikhala ukuthuthukiswa. Ihlola isiyalo kwamasiko typology, morphology kanye nesakhiwo. Le nqubo yokufunda undiza. Amasiko zokuhlukanisa okomoya, ngokomzimba, ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kwezobuciko. Sibheka ngokuningiliziwe isiko ezingokomoya. Kusekelwe umsebenzi wokudala, okuyinto sivezwe kula ifomu subjective futhi sanelise izidingo ezincane umphakathi. Isakhiwo siqukethe isiko engokomoya: zenkolo (izinkolelo namahlelo yesimanje), zokuziphatha, zomthetho (umthetho, esiphezulu ohlelweni), zezombangazwe (imibono yabantu), nokufundisa (izimiso wokukhulisa izingane unezinselele), bokusungula (umlando, ifilosofi, isayensi) ingxenye. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi izinjongo kuncike zihlanganisa iminyuziyamu yeshashalazi, imitapo, zokubukela amabhayisikobho, izikole, amahholo amakhonsathi, izinkantolo.