Museum zomlando e Moscow - lokho ukuvakashela? Ukubuyekezwa kwe iminyuziyamu zomlando e Moscow

Ngiqinisile ifa esingenantengo ukulondoloza Museum zomlando eMoscow. Ukuze uhlole yonke ukuchayeka, akwanele for a lifetime. Kodwa ezinye zazo, sincoma ngamandla ukuthi bazane kangcono. Sinikeza ukusihambisa kafushane besibonisa leli iminyuziyamu edume kakhulu futhi kuyaphawuleka yenhloko-dolobha.

UMbuso Historical Museum e Moscow

Iningi baseRussia ukucabanga kahle indaba ezintathu-bomvu isakhiwo brick enophahla ezimhlophe, esisogwini Red Square.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke-Russian State Historical Museum yasungulwa ngo-February 1872 ngomthetho u-Alexander II. Ngo-1974, umkhandlu waleli dolobha usunike ukwakhiwa kwendawo Red Square komhlaba, lapho sabekwa ngo-Ephreli ngawo lowo nyaka, ne iqhaza imithetho yombusi. Ukwakha e isitayela mbumbulu Russian oluxube kwemibhoshongo saklanywa umakhi kanye unjiniyela Shevrudom Semenov. It is organically angena eqenjini lomculo ekhona YaseMoscow ezibiyele futhi Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral. Hall Historical Museum imihlobiso yabaculi abadumile e Moscow, Vasnetsov, Korovin, Aivazovsky, Repin. Ukwakhiwa kwaqhubeka waze 1881, futhi ngo-May 1883 Museum sihlangabezane izivakashi kuqala.

Museum embukisweni, ehlanganisa izinto cishe izigidi ezingu-5 kanye ezigidini ezingu-14 kwemibhalo sibonakalisa zonke izigaba yentuthuko Russia - kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Iqoqo lokuqala ziphephile Museum babé neMpi YaseCrimea. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, abanye izakhi okuhlobisa sekususiwe, futhi imidwebo lishisa. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule waqala ukubuyiselwa emikhulu ukubuyela ukubukeka mlando zazo libuyiselwe ekupheleni 2003. Ngo-2006, umsebenzi kwaphothulwa embukisweni unomphela, okuyinto ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo kanye okwamanje oluthatha amakamelo 39 ku sesibili. kwenkathi ngayinye kubuyiswe egunjini lakhe, owokuqala babo - ziphephile ezihlobene bakudala uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela.

Izitolo eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi eyingqayizivele Historical Museum e Moscow. nemibukiso Saqoqa cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Okuqotho eyangaba mammoth ezitholakele ku loMfula Yenisei sase-Irkutsk yomthengisi Gromov ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX inikelwe ukuba Museum.

• Ezigwediwe itshe ngembazo kusuka ezihlukahlukene oki namagxolo ubude 7.5 amamitha. Kwatholakala loMfula Don eduze Voronezh bendawo ngo-1954.

• Ikhophi zomngcwabo lapho yokupaka Sungir ngaphansi uVladimir, ogama yobudala seliphindeke izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-25 eziyinkulungwane. Iminyaka.

• Taman sarcophagus IV ekhulwini BC. Yatholakala ngo ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona isimo kweGrisi yasendulo Bosporus umbuso, okuyinto ethatha le Kerch futhi Taman Peninsula.

• Tashtyktsev omngcwabo buso, ukuvumela ukucabanga ukuthi Kwakubonakala abantu owayehlala eningizimu eSiberia ngo BC II leminyaka. e. - V leminyaka BC. e.

• Made round uphondo ukuphuza izitsha - rhytons.

• "Beka" - Uhlelo lokuqala, eyabhalwa ngo-1800.

• izinsalela mummified of Russian izikhathi oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala nowesifazane kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe waseGibhithe.

• Eyokuqala birch-amagxolo umqulu XIV leminyaka, ezitholakale eduze Novgorod ngo-1951. Lona umbiko ukuqoqwa imisebenzi elindeleke eyasungulwa Ebusayo Boyar patrimony.

EMoscow ezibiyele Eminyuziyamu

Esikhathini enhliziyweni kwesihloko, in the Kremlin, kukhona Museum esiyingqayizivele. Ayavumelana ngegama ezivamile - YaseMoscow ezibiyele Museums. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange eziyisithupha: i Armoury, sebethule Robe Church, Museum of Applied Art Nokuphila kwekhulu XVII, kweNyuka, Ekulu futhi Annunciation Cathedral.

Armoury

Museum zomlando eMoscow zihlanganisa owaziwa wonke yengcebo yomhlaba, yaqanjwa lasendulo ezibiyele yengcebo. Museum usesikhundleni isakhiwo elaklanywa wezakhiwo K. Ton, ngo-1891. iqoqo Armoury siqukethe imigexo yengcebo zasebukhosini vestry Umbhishobhi sika, eyenziwe ezibiyele amakhosi, inikelwe ukuba Amanxusa akwamanye amazwe.

Iqukethe izingubo emikhosini Tsar sika ingubo wokugcotshwa, zobungoma isimo, izingubo iziKhulu we Russian Church, imikhiqizo gunsmiths, iqoqo izihloko ezenziwe ngegolide nesiliva, eyenziwe amakhosi Russian yobuciko esiliva owayevela eYurophu, amakalishi, ihhashi amahanisi ngokwesiko. Zonke ziphephile we Armoury kukhona eliphakeme kwezobuciko, ukubaluleka zomlando namasiko. Museum ibonisa acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezine izinto yobuciko neyezandla isimo isiRashiya, emazweni East nase-Europe, kusukela ngekhulu IV ukuba ekuqaleni XX.

Eminyuziyamu namuhla eMoscow anemisila ubuchwepheshe bamuva: Izivakashi nethuba ukusizakala Umhlahlandlela okwe-elekthroniki okuya Armoury.

Assumption Cathedral

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, kuba ethempelini main eRussia. Ayemaningi ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele wokugcotshwa ababusi izinhloko Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, kanye yokungcwaba izinzalamizi nababhishobhi basemasontweni.

Izivakashi ukubukisisa presents iconostasis magnificent ukuphakama ngaphezu 16 amamitha. Kukhona iqoqo wezwe ngobukhulu zezimpawu eziyigugu kakhulu futhi ohlonishwayo, le eqenjini lomculo yokudweba omkhulukazi, Praying Ivan VI we ndawo, nabo bonke yamathuna zomlando.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Museum zomlando baseMoscow e amasonto amaningi asendulo. Annunciation - omunye zasendulo esidala kakhulu YaseMoscow ezibiyele, ezakhiwe ngokuvumelana emasikweni eMoscow Pskov izakhiwo ekhulwini xv njengokuba ibandla ikhaya wezikhulu omkhulu Russian namakhosi. Kuwo wonke umlando walo, it usebhekene izinguquko eziningi. Ancient shestiyarusny iconostasis, ehlanganisa cishe nabayikhulu imifanekiso, kanye Ensemble imidwebo omkhulukazi ungowenani elikhulu. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, ezinye izithonjana yochungechunge iholide zaveza yi omkhulu Andrei Rublev futhi isithonjana yochungechunge Deesis eyabhalwa Theophanes esiGrekini.

Cathedral of Ingelosi Eyinhloko

Cathedral, esekhona, lakhiwa iminyaka 500 edlule, kodwa umlando wayo waqala mhlawumbe eminyakeni 1247-1248. Kwaba kwasekuqaleni yokungcwaba izikhulu omkhulu Russian. zomdlavuza amabili 47 amathuna ku yamathuna khona. Izindonga nezinsika lombhishobhi ahlotshiswe ekumeni zababusi eMoscow.

Isonto sebethule Robe

Ikhaya isonto yezinzalamizi nababhishobhi basemasontweni Yakhiwa ngekhulu xv in the isiko zakuqala-Moscow izakhiwo oluxube Pskov izakhiwo. Ibandla elincane itholakala phakathi Palace of Izici kanye Dormition Cathedral. Iconostasis, eyabhalwa Nazario Istomin kuyasiza kwezobuciko. Umdwebo ezindongeni wenziwe canons ephakathi Maphakathi nekhulu XVII. Ibandla labetibambile embukisweni we ebaziwe Russian lokhuni. Lezi ezisithekileyo, namuhla uhlala kancane, baye baqoqa emasontweni ahlukahlukene aseRussia.

Museum of Applied Art Life of XVII ekhulwini

Akhiwe wezinzalamizi Chambers, isigodlo yangaphambili Russian Lezinzalamizi, elakhiwa ngokuba Nikon. Museum abasha yasungulwa ngo 1962 futhi embukisweni based kuhlanganisa ziphephile we Armoury. Museum, okuyinto uhlala khona ngenkathi eyodwa, okuyinto Kucoca ukusungulwa Interiors mlando. Egumbini lokuqala kunezinto siqu uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon nezinye izinhloko isonto. Inani ngomlando nangamagugu obuciko kukhona surplices, nezinduku, hoods.

Museum ine ifenisha Antique, caskets, bele, amawashi, Checkers, chess esiliva. Iningi ziphephile kuyinto izinto ezibalulekile: izinkomishi, igolide nesiliva izitsha, izinkomishi, pepper, usawoti nabahamba.

owesilisa emelelwa kahle nezinto zokuhloba zesifazane: buckles, izinkinobho, izixhumanisi cuff, namacici, amasongo. Phakathi ziphephile - izigqoko, ekhaya futhi isonto izingubo ngendwangu ebizayo.

Lapha embukisweni imibhalo yesandla ehlotshiswe emincanyana, sihenqo ezimibalabala, ephela. Phakathi kwazo kunane-ikhophi esiyingqayizivele esenzelwe Tsarevich u-Alexei - Primer Karion Istomin.

Kunikezwe indawo, futhi umkhakha yenkosi. Lokhu ukuzingela izinto: izicupho, nemikhonto knurled igolide, ngezibhamu yezinyo lendlovu unina pearl, emihle powder flasks, iminsalo nemicibisholo zomsayiphuresi birch, umsedari,

kwezazi Museum

Ukufundisa futhi esikhungweni semfundo ukuthi akanayo zazo emhlabeni, kuyingxenye sikhungo eponymous of Russian Academy of Sciences futhi ubhekwa ngobukhulu umlando wemvelo iminyuziyamu emhlabeni.

It yasungulwa ngo eMoscow ngo-1937. Ngo-1954 kwaba avaliwe ngenxa ukungakwazi ukuze kuhlaliswe zonke ziphephile isikhala kancane kakhulu: wonke amakamelo elalihlala mayelana 700 square metres. m, anikezelwe Bala Orlov enkundleni ku-Big Kaluga manje Leninsky Prospekt. Kwakudinga isakhiwo esihlukile. ukwakhiwa aso eqala kuphela ngo-1972 endaweni enhle kwi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu amabili kwathatha ukwakha Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyingqayizivele. Ngo-1987, entsha Dinosaur Museum lokuqala yakhoselisa izivakashi.

Isihloko embukisweni - ukuvela emhlabeni eziphilayo emhlabeni. Indawo mayelana 5000 sq. m. The amahholo ayisithupha okufakiwe ziphephile mayelana 5,000. Igumbi ngalinye lunikezelwe isigaba ethile ekuthuthukiseni zomhlaba eziphilayo eMhlabeni.

• ihholo yesingeniso. Uhambo luqala kundaba mayelana paleontology nesayensi izigaba nokwakheka kwalo. The main umbukiso ihholo - amathambo endoda woolly atholakala eSiberia ngo-1842. Nazi panel Ceramic, khomba ukuvela ukuphila zezilwandle. Esitezi sesibili sehholo yesibili embukisweni ekumeni of ososayensi kusukela ezikhathini ezahlukene, watadisha ukuthuthukiswa emhlabeni ngendlela engokwemvelo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ubuntu okunjalo owaziwa, efana Darwin futhi Lomonosov. Umbhali ekumeni eyenziwe okhandiweyo zethusi - umculi A. Chernov.

• I elesibili lunikezelwe Precambrian futhi ekuqaleni Paleozoic. Lapha ungakwazi ukufunda mayelana eziphilayo kuqala ophilayo abahlala Umhlaba: izitshalo kanye ezingenamgogodla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igumbi lihlotshiswe imisebenzi yobuciko kanye omkhulukazi esibonisa abameleli yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene wesikhathi: itshe ekuqopheni amatshe panel Ceramic, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu eyenziwe izitsha zobumba.

• Ngekhulu lesithathu ihholo zivakashi bajwayelane esidlule Geological esifundeni laseMoscow namaphethelo, okuyinto phezu izigidi zeminyaka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Kukhona ziboniswa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo owakhiwe endaweni ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene: ulwelwe, ezingenamgogodla nenhlanzi.

• lesine ihholo ziphephile basonta Paleozoic ngasekupheleni Mesozoic. I ukunakekela okukhethekile hola Northern Dvina igalari neqembu lwamathambo ezihuquzelayo omkhulu dinotsefalov ababebuthene Uprofesa Amalitsky. On ezindongeni Igumbi ungabona izithombe kwezobuciko zezitshalo nezilwane ubuciko woodcarving futhi imifanekiso Ceramic ngesineke. Hlobisa igumbi eyenziwe okhandwe ngesando zethusi isihlahla phylogenetic yezilwane ezinomgogodla futhi imiswe maphakathi Iqhwa ngemifanekiso yezilwane ezinomgogodla lasendulo.

• Leli hholo yesihlanu bayofaka izivakashi emhlabeni organic Engxenyeni yesibili ye Mesozoic futhi ezihlukahlukene izibankwa sikhathi. Nansi iqoqo izinyoni futhi izibankwakazi ka Jurassic kanye nezikhathi Cretaceous. Omunye ziphephile ezinkulu - Diplodocus, nge ukhonkolo we skeleton okuyinto kwakunikelwa ngendawo ngo-1910 ngu-uNicholas II American E. Carnegie behlonipha weminyaka engu 300th we Romanov lwamakhosi.

• Ikamelo lesithupha enikelwe le Cenozoic inkathi ezincelisayo yomlando. Nawa ezaboniswa abameleli yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kukhona amathambo isidlakela kunobhejane-paraceratherium, mastodon-gomphotherium, bolsherogogo izinyamazane, emhumeni namabhere.

Central Armed Forces Museum e Moscow

Umlando yaqala ukuba khona ngo-1919, lapho i-embukisweni unomphela "The Life of Red Army futhi Navy" yasungulwa.

Umlando we-Armed Forces wezwe lakithi kubonakala ziphephile 15 000, okuyinto embukisweni 24 amahholo bangazihluphi indawo 5,000 square metres. M. Izinto ezibekwe ngendlela ezalandelana ngayo: umlando ibutho Russian kuze 1917, ngesikhathi kulwiwa, Red Army unogada zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, iSoviet Armed Forces. Kwethulwa imibhalo, imiklomelo, izithombe, izikhali kanye nezempi, iqoqo izibhengezo, izimpahla zabo yezinduna zamabutho, abaphathi bamahhovisi kanye amasosha.

Okunye Museum zomlando e Moscow

Uhlu iminyuziyamu zomlando ungaqhubeka. Phakathi kwabo Museum of Contemporary Umlando, eyasungulwa ngo-1917 futhi anikezelwe umlando Russian kusukela maphakathi nekhulu XIX kuya maphakathi nekhulu le-lamashumi amabili.

Moscow Museum Wezokuvikela waqala ukuphila yayo ngo-1981 embukisweni, okwakubekelwa yaqondaniswa nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa iminyaka engu wamashumi amane wokuphuma Battle of eMoscow.

Enye Military History Museum e Moscow - Central Museum of ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Isakhiwo yesikhumbuzo kwavulwa Poklonnaya Hill 1995 iminyaka engu-50 Ukunqoba.

Moscow Museum zomlando ayikwazi wacabanga ngaphandle Museum eMoscow, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo-1896 yi-City Council. Khona-ke yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Museum of the Moscow idolobha umnotho, futhi indawo yokuqala indawo zawo zazilotshiwe izinqaba zamanzi ezingokwemvelo Krestovsky. Museum eMoscow iletha neminye iminyango eminingana: Archaeology, izindlu isiko, umlando egcekeni Lefortovo, ngesiNgisi.

Museum of Archaeology of eMoscow ivule njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni YaseMoscow Museum wokugubha 850th yenhloko-dolobha ngo-1997. Ukuze yayakhiwe inkundla komhlaba ngesikhathi 7 amamitha esizeni umsebenzi wokuvundulula ukujula ngesikhathi umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo Manege Square ngo-90s kwekhulu elidlule.

farmstead IsiZulu kusebenza futhi Museum of History eMoscow ingenye izakhiwo endala kakhulu yenhloko-dolobha. Phakathi ziphephile: ". Umlando we Izingxoxo inkantolo English" "eMoscow amehlo ephakathi abezinye izizwe", "Umlando we ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaNgisi namaRashiya xv-XII eminyaka", embukisweni unomphela "Vakashela Elizabeth II ngo-1994 eNkantolo IsiZulu Izingxoxo Old eMoscow" Museum.