Zamanje Electric wamagesi

Ukuze metal babashayeli kanye electrolyte ukwencika zamanje ngokumelene voltage lwento, r. E. zamanje kulezi babashayeli kwandisa ngokulingana voltage. eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu imithetho conduction wamagesi. Cabangela i kagesi in the amagesi egeleza ngaphansi kwethonya i ionizer zangaphandle.

Ebhekisela isipiliyoni. Thatha capacitor futhi ukushaja ngokwakha ukungezwani phakathi amapuleti alo. Kuvele electrometer exhunywe kwi-amapuleti capacitor, ngaso sonke isikhathi ubonisa voltage efanayo: ngako-ke, emoyeni kwezimo ezivamile, kuyinto yisivikelo, okusho iqukethe izinhlayiya kungekho khulula icala ...

Vnesom umoya nesibani noma umdlalo elikhanyayo esifundeni phakathi capacitor plate amabili. Siphawula ukuthi voltage ekhona phakathi kwabo kuyehla, le capacitor kukhishelwa, Ngakho-ke, i kagesi phakathi amapuleti. Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuthi emoyeni phakathi amapuleti ngaphansi isenzo elangabi babekwa icala izinhlayiya. Yini abakubonisayo?

Kungokwemvelo ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi izinhlayiya enjalo icala emoyeni amangqamuzana, okuyinto ngaphansi kwethonya ilangabi etholwe amacala kagesi, ziphenduka ion baqala ukuthutha i ensimini kagesi phakathi amapuleti, ukudala i kagesi in the amagesi, okwaholela ukwehla voltage ubeke amapuleti capacitor.

Ngu Ucwaningo olujulile kuye kwatholakala ukuthi abathwali amacala kagesi kuleli negesi ion futhi electron ezenzeka igesi ngenxa yokuchayeka ionizing ejenti.

Ionizers kukhona ilangabi, X-rays, sasikhipha imisebe ngu izinto radioactive. Noma yimuphi ionizer, yanoma yiluphi imvelaphi kuba, unekhono ukudala kule ncwadi isikhashana ethile ion emihle nemibi.

Ngaphansi isenzo i ionizing igesi molecule ulahlekelwe electron futhi babe ion kahle icala. electron Bakhululwa okokuqala, beba abathwali kagesi, futhi okwesibili, ngokujoyina molecule hlangothi noma ama-athomu ukwakha ion, okuyinto omubi icala. Kusukela igesi singenzeka ngesimo amacala mahhala electron futhi ion kokubili izimpawu, t. E. kagesi in the amagesi.

umzimba Uzikhokhele, ngokuba igesi ionized, edonsela amacala khulula sophawu okuphambene, okuyinto neutralized amacala emzimbeni, lapho-ke iyanqamuka ukushajwa.

Le gesi ingekho zichithe okuqukethwe kwabo phezu electrode, njengoba kunjalo kule electrolyte, kusukela ionization yezinhlayiya igesi akazange iba yingxenye yomhlabathi; balahlekelwa noma kuphela enamathiselwe ngokwayo electron.

Negesi ion esondela electrode, amacala wamupha turning zabo zibe amangqamuzana hlangothi noma kwama-athomu nezinhlayiyana ekubhebhetselisa emuva uzongena kule gesi. Kungokufanayo electrolyte ion ukuza electrode, noma electrode imali Laphezu, noma angene zamakhemikhali.

Uma ion futhi electron khulula kwakheka igesi ezisegangeni kagesi, base ukuthola ukunyakaza ohlangothini. Kule kusobala ukuthi wamanje Imininingwane kagesi amagesi - kuyinto ezimbili imifudlana izinhlayiya icala, enye yazo eya anode kanye nezinye - kuya cathode. Yena kuhambisana uchungechunge imihlola eyinqaba. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba igesi lapho ziyavutha osenyameni - ezibuthaka, kancane obonakalayo kukhanya izintambo of voltage okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kokufiphala aphuphuthekise arcing futhi ezinkulu umbani liyasha. Lamanje kagesi abezindaba (babashayeli okuqinile, electrolyte) akakubangeli izenzakalo ezinjalo.

Ekugcineni, lapho ocucuzayo igesi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kanye ethize zamakhemikhali kungekho ndawo ngaphansi kwezimo evamile: kumiswa nitrogen oxides futhi Cyanogen emoyeni, ukwakheka molecule e amagesi monatomic, nabanye.