Sodium nitrate - abazoshada nabo kanye nesitha

Ngamunye wethu onguchwepheshe wezolimo, sonke siyazi ukuthi lihlotshaniswa ke. Wonke umuntu uyazi mayelana nitrate, mayelana nezinzuzo zayo kanye efanele ibe kuhlu lokuhlukumezeka. Futhi eqinisweni, lokho nitrate sodium?

Ifomula yalolu ketshezi NaNO3, elinye igama layo - sodium nitrate. Ngokubukeka kuba mhlophe crystalline izidakamizwa, ngezinye izikhathi kokuba tint lemicu empunga elinamathela othini noma aphuzi. Amanzi ancibilikisa kahle. Ukunambitheka uyababa-okunosawoti. It kwenzeka ngokwemvelo njengendlela amaminerali - laseChile nitrate. Nitrate hygroscopic, ukuma 308 ° C, ukunwebeka (abilayo) - 380 °. oxidant anamandla, nangokuduma Reflux lukhipha i-oxygen.

Khiqiza sodium nitrate ammonia zamagama kusukela nitrogen noma emoyeni. Zikhona nezinye ubuchwepheshe ye-nitrate esekelwe nokuxhumana ukusabela okuhlukahlukene futhi yokubola. izinhlobo:

- A - ukuze isetshenziswe ecucuza lapho nokunamathisela ngomthofu futhi Welding izinsimbi;

- B - I-Etching izinsimbi kanye Alloys ukucaciseleka.

Isitolo sodium nitrate kumele phama izikhwama multiwall. Ukudlulisela kungaba noma ikuphi ngaphandle komoya indlela, ezokuthutha kanye athula ayikwazi exutshwe izinto eziphilayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthungela.

Njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi, sodium nitrate kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene umkhakha nezolimo. Kwezolimo isetshenziswa njengendlela Umanyolo nitrogen kuwo wonke izinhlobo nenhlabathi ngaphansi izitshalo yemifino (amazambane, beet), izithelo kanye berry emasimini. Njengoba nitrate kuyinto ane-alikhali Umanyolo buka, kungcono ukusebenzisa nenhlabathi asidi. Njengoba Umanyolo isetshenziswa nenhlabathi entwasahlobo, ingasetshenziswa njengendlela umquba. A nomphumela omuhle simila has nitrogen nje kuphela kodwa futhi sodium.

Ngo umkhakha, ukusetshenziswa sodium nitrate njengoba:

- isixazululo ingxenye for Etching amashubhu engagqwali;

- eziyingxenye igrisi phezu Izigayo ugingqe ka amashubhu engagqwali;

- a clarifier nge ingilazi abilayo;

- i oxidizer e-rocket fuel;

- sawoti refrigerants.

Esikhathini umkhakha ukudla nitrate usetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukubola kokudla - E251. Kukhona Ukukhuluma ukuthi 1397 nitrate yasetshenziselwa kulondolozwe izinhlanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yethonya lezingane nitrite kwakhiwa kusuka amagciwane nitrate. Nitrate isetshenziswa:

- ushizi ekukhiqizeni;

- ukuthengwa inyama. Nitrate ngaphansi kwethonya nezilwanyana ezincane ibe nitrites, okuyinto nethonya zokuzivikela ku imikhiqizo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ebanikeza umbala ezifanele.

Nitrate lungasetshenziswa njengoba isixazululo. Inyama wagcoba usawoti ingxube, nitrate, ushukela kanye ibekwe ngaphansi kwejoka. Isixazululo nomphumela laligcwele inyama.

Nitrate njengenhlangano agent oxidizing isetshenziswa izingoma pyrotechnic. Ngo izingoma ezinjalo, injongo yayo - ukuhlinzeka i-oksijini omlilo inqubo.

Nitrate isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengoba vasodilator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuwukhulula zibe emathunjini, ikhonza njengesithunywa yokuvimbela cyanide ubuthi futhi njengendlela laxative.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo nitrate e ezincelisayo kubhekwa into enobuthi. At umthamo 180 mg esisindo kg / le amagundane ihlolwe afe nengxenye. Lapho E251 waziphatha ucwaningo, kwatholakala ukuthi Ukushisa lokushisa ngenhla 120 ° C kuholela ekwakhekeni carcinogens.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-World Health Organization, Singakwazi yini ukuthola umthamo ovumelekile nsuku nitrate ku 3.7 angu amakhilogramu esisindo ngayinye. Okulandelayo kwenzeka - lapho nitrate kukhona emathunjini ezinkulu, ngaphansi isenzo ezincane, basuke iguqulwe ibe nitrites, nezokugcina, eba igazi, i-hemoglobin is kuguquka methemoglobin, okungakwazi athwala umoya-mpilo.

Ukuthunyelwa kubhekwe sodium nitrate. Yini ulisakaza kuphi ngokwemvelo, njengoba kuvela, futhi lapho kudingeka khona embonini; Lichaza umphumela wawo umzimba womuntu.