Ukufunda pendulum - indlela yokuthola inkathi elula pendulum oscillation

Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso izinqubo oscillatory ezisizungezile, kakhulu kangangokuba ayamangalisa - futhi kukhona into akusho ngayo iyashintshashintsha? Lutho neze, ngoba ngisho into ngempela ingenakunyakaziswa uthi itshe, okuyinto ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka namanje, namanje oscillates izinqubo - ngezikhathi heats emini, okwandayo, futhi ebusuku epholisa futhi lishwabane. Futhi abaseduze Ngokwesibonelo - izihlahla futhi amagatsha - esukela ngokuzikhandla kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kodwa ke - itshe, ukhuni. Futhi uma nje igcine ingcindezi amabanga kusuka 100 esinezitezi? It is, eyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi phezulu Ostankinskaya umbhoshongo is baphambukile emuva naphambili ngesikhathi 5-12 ngamamitha, kahle ukusebenza kunokungasebenzi nhlobo pendulum 500 m. Futhi kuze kufike inyuka ngobukhulu anamagama ahlelwe njengoJohane kusukela lokushisa umehluko? Lapha kungenzeka zokuhlukanisa vibration kwemishini izindlela imibhoshongo. Cabanga nje, indiza lapho undiza ngokuqhubekayo kuyahlukahluka. Ungaguquli ingqondo yakho ukundiza? Akubalulekile, ngoba ekushintshashintsheni - luwumgogodla ezweni elisizungezile, asikwazi ukuqeda kubo - bangathumela kuphela kucatshangelwe futhi sisebenzise "kuhle".

Njengenjwayelo, ukutadisha ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yolwazi (futhi nje azenzeki) iqala ngesingeniso a imodeli elula. Futhi kukhona lula futhi eqondakalayo imodeli bezibona inqubo oscillatory, ngaphandle pendulum. Kulapha, ekuhloleni i-physics, siqala ukuzwa la mazwi ongaqondakali - ". Inkathi oscillation of a pendulum elula" Pendulum - ngentambo nomthwalo. Futhi iyini le a pendulum okunjalo okukhethekile - Mathematics? A silula, lokhu pendulum okucatshangelwa ukuthi loluhlelo ngentambo akanayo isisindo-non-Olwandisekayo, futhi iphuzu impahla isidlidliza bedle gravity. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuvamile, ucabangela inqubo, isibonelo, lokhu kunyakaza akukwazi akhawunti egcwele ngokuphelele ngezici ngokomzimba ezifana isisindo, kuyaqina, njll Bonke ababambiqhaza ekuhlolweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithonya kwabanye ku inqubo azinakwa. Ngokwesibonelo, priori kuyaqondakala ukuthi isisindo pendulum futhi kuyaqina ntambo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile azinamphumela lubonakale phezu inkathi oscillation we pendulum zezibalo kuyinto negligibly amancane, ngakho ithonya labo ayifakiwe ukucabangela.

Ukunqunywa kwenkathi oscillation we-pendulum, uma hhayi elula ngokulambisa eyaziwa lokhu: inkathi - isikhathi ngesikhathi eyabe isifika oscillation eyodwa ephelele. Ake wenze uphawu kwelinye amaphuzu kakhulu ukunyakazisa wezimpahla. Manje njalo iphuzu ivaliwe, okwenza Ubala oscillations ephelele futhi uqaphele ngesikhathi, bathi, kunyakaza 100. Nquma isikhathi esisodwa isikhathi ilula. Sifeza lesi silingo ngoba oscillating kwelinye indiza ye-pendulum kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

- ezahlukene amplitude kokuqala;

- ezahlukene umthwalo isisindo.

Sizobuyela imiphumela emangalisa unganakile: kuzo zonke izimo, inkathi elula pendulum oscillation uhlala ingashintshiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, lo amplitude futhi ungqimba sokuqala iphuzu ukwaziswa kuphele isikhathi musa nethonya. Ukuze uthole ingxoxo eyengeziwe kuyinto embi ngalo elilodwa kuphela - ngoba umthwalo ukuphakama lapho ushayela ushintsho ke ibutho ukubuyisela endleleni variable indlela, okuyinto engeke izibalo. Kancane ukukopela - Push pendulum futhi ohlangothini transverse - ke uqala ukuyichaza surface oyindilinga, inkathi T ujikeleza lamahubo lilingana, ijubane ukunyakaza kanye selilonke V - njalo selilonke, kanye esishukumisela okusanhlamvu S = 2πr, ibutho ukubuyisela iqondiswe kanye engaba.

Sabe ukubala inkathi oscillation of a pendulum elula:

T = S / V = 2πr / v

Uma ubude ngentambo l kakhulu ngaphezulu usayizi wezimpahla (okungenani izikhathi 15-20), futhi intambo engela ukuthambekela lincane (amplitude amancane), kuthathwa ngokuthi nokubuyisela amandla P uyalingana centripetal amandla Ifeksi:
P = F = m * V * V / r

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhathi ibutho ukubuyisela kanye mzuzu inertia of umthwalo ilingana, bese

P * l = r * (m * g), okusho ikhumbula ukuthi P = F, ezothando ezilandelayo: r * m * g / l = m * v * v / r

Akukho nzima ukuthola velocity we pendulum: v = r * √g / l.

Futhi manje ukukhumbula Inkulumo yokuqala kakhulu isikhathi futhi bamelele ukubaluleka the velocity:

T = 2πr / r * √g / l

Ngemva ukuguqulwa ifomula isikhathi eziwubala pendulum zezibalo oscillation efomini yokugcina simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

T = 2 π √ l / g

Manje Imiphumela ngaphambilini Ucwaningo etholwe we ukuzimela kwesikhathi oscillation ka isisindo umthwalo futhi ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo ziye ukuqinisekisile ifomu sicubungule akubonakali kube ngakho "emangalisayo", njengoba besho, njengoba kudingeka.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ziphatha nkulumo yamuva esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini oscillation we pendulum zezibalo, ungabona ithuba elihle kakhulu ulinganise ukusheshisa gravity. Kwanele abuthe inkomba pendulum nganoma yingasiphi umhlaba futhi ukukala kwenkathi oscillations yayo. Kanjalo-ke, ngempela kungalindelekile, a pendulum elula neqondile usinike ithuba elihle kakhulu ukufunda ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu Ungqimba olungaphandle lomhlaba, kuze ukucinga enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi emhlabeni. Kodwa lokho kungenye indaba.