Ostankino TV Tower: elaphawulwa emphemeni, hambo, isithombe. Ukwakhiwa kombhoshongo futhi ukuphakama kwalo

Ostankino Tower ingenye izimpawu zendawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezakhiwo eMoscow, futhi uphawu ithelevishini Russian. Ngenxa yalokhu isakhiwo esihle olunikezwa ithelevishini ukusakaza cishe lonke izwe. imishini yobuchwepheshe, amandla yezokusakaza kanye nezinye izici ezithile zomkhathi lapho Tower akutholakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhekwa Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe.

izici Jikelele

Usayizi ithelevishini umbhoshongo Ostankino mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 15 sq. M. amamitha. Kukhona lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi studios ithelevishini, izindawo isiyingi kanye balcony. Umthamo we umbhoshongo - cubic metres angaba yizinkulungwane 70 .. Lesi sakhiwo siqukethe 45 izibuya. Ukuphakama Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo - 540 metres. Yena zibalwa lwesishiyagalombili emhlabeni ngokuya ukuphakama khulula emi izakhiwo (isakhiwo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni okwamanje Dubai sika Burj Khalifa). Igama lokuqala umbhoshongo - "Yonke-union nomsakazo nomabonakude okuxhunyanwa esiteshini 50th October Usuku olugujwa minyaka yonke".

umlando ukwakhiwa

okusakaza Permanent eSoviet Union ngo-1939. Ekuqaleni, isiginali ukudluliswa eyenziwa usebenzisa imishini okuyinto ubelokhu Shukhovskaya umbhoshongo (Shablovka). Nokho, nekwandzisa umtsamo kanye nekhwalithi yezokusakaza ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II kwaholela isidingo ukwakhiwa esinye umbhoshongo TV. Ekuqaleni yayakhiwe eduze Shukhov TV Tower, kodwa ngokushesha wathatha isikhungo sokunakekela zanamuhla TV umbhoshongo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwiphrojekthi neziteshi zethelevishini Ostankino abathintekayo enhlanganweni "Mosproject". Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo kwaqala ngo-1960. Nokho, kuye kwamiswa ngenxa ukungaqiniseki ukuthi ukwakhiwa ezisisekelo thembeke esakhiwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Esikhathini design esizayo basembhoshongweni ithelevishini waphathiswa Central Research Institute ukuklama izakhiwo zezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa izindawo.

Le phrojekthi basembhoshongweni e Ostankino yasungulwa ngo umklami Nikitin ngobusuku obubodwa vó. Umklamo sibonelo, wakhetha i lily nabokhulumile - imbali nge-stem obukhulu futhi amacembe eziqinile. Ngokwe-mbono kokuqala kwaba ukuthi ube umbhoshongo 4 ukwesekwa, kodwa kamuva, ngesiphakamiso unjiniyela German Fritz Leonhard (uMdali lokuqala ukhonkolo TV umbhoshongo emhlabeni), inombolo yabo lenyuka kuya kweyishumi. I nomklami oyinhloko we Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo - leonid Ilyich Batalov - futhi babesekela umbono wokuba kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo izingongolo.

Yokugcina wokwakha evunyiwe 1963. abalobi aso angamazinyo abaklami Burdin futhi Batalov, kanye umklami Nikitin. Ochwepheshe wanquma kakhulu ukuguqula iphrojekthi langaphambilini, ngokukhethekile, lase lenyuke inani afakwe embhoshongweni imishini futhi ukuphakama kwalo. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo wawuqala 1963 kuya ku-1967. Ngokuvamile, ukwakhiwa isiteshi sethelevishini iqhaza ezinhlanganweni Bole 40 ezahlukene. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Ostankino Tower kwaba Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke hhayi kuphela e-Europe kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuthola Kuqalwe TV umbhoshongo

Ukusakazwa lokuqala izinhlelo zethelevishini umbhoshongo Ostankino senziwe 1967. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kulo nyaka ukwakhiwa kwalesi Ostankino Tower sekuphothuliwe kanti isakhiwo sathathwa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza, ukuthuthukiswa yayo kwenzeka kulo nyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusakaza lokuqala isithombe umbala wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1968. Umbhoshongo futhi yokudlela 3 storey ngagama ongokomfanekiso sidalwe "Seventh Heaven". Iningi onjiniyela owaba nengxenye ekudalweni lokhu ithelevishini isikhungo enkulu baklonyeliswa Lenin Prize.

Okusho esiteshini sethelevishini

Ostankino Tower kwaba isakhiwo eziyingqayizivele isikhathi ongenawo analogue. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside Lahlala isakhiwo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni, imininingwane yayo ngempela babengamadoda umxhwele. Ngemva kokuphothulwa umbhoshongo indawo okusebenzela kuyo iNhlangano omoya wahlala abakhileyo eyizigidi eziyi-10, manje isikhungo ithelevishini ihlanganisa indawo enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15.

Imishini ivumela ukuqopha kanyekanye kusukela kwenani lezinto ezahlukene, futhi bukhoma. Umsebenzi Special kwadingeka umbhoshongo Ostankino ngesikhathi 1980 Olympic Imidlalo. Kube waze wabeka kungaphefumuli CNN izindaba isiteshi ekhethekile.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umbhoshongo kwadingeka nezinye izici ezingekho ezingabalulekile kangako. isakhiwo sayo behlaliswe izindikimba Meteorological, okuyinto ophethe izindawo eziyinhloko Meteorological zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ostankino esiteshini sethelevishini futhi enikeziwe futhi radio yezokuxhumana phakathi izakhiwo zikahulumeni eyinhloko yezwe.

izivakashi

Maduze, lesi Telecentre isibe omunye ethandwa kakhulu abantu abavakashela yenhloko-dolobha. Ngo-1982 wakha umbhoshongo eduze isakhiwo, esinikela imisebenzi indawo. Kube futhi ifakwe ikamelo yesimanje ingqungquthela 800 abantu. Okuthuthukisiwe kanye yokudlela "Seventh Heaven". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi itholakala endaweni engamamitha 334 amamitha (okuyinto cishe phansi le-112 esakhiweni yokuhlala) futhi uthathe amaningi njengoba amathathu phansi. Kusukela Amafasitela alo uzokubonisa izindawo emangalisayo eMoscow. I engavamile lesikhungo nokuthi wenza ukunyakaza kancane emhlabeni axis awo ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti ematfuba eyodwa kuya kwemithathu imizuzu 40-50. Nokho, ngesikhathi samanje "Seventh Heaven" ivaliwe yokuvuselela, akukho mayelana isikhathi ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo ezaziwayo.

endaweni abahlukile-panoramic

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izivakashi eziningi badonseleka Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo observation emphemeni. Ikakhulukazi, esiteshini sabo TV, kukhona ezine: evulekile endaweni engamamitha 337 metres uphinde uthele kancane ivaliwe - amamitha 340, kanye ezimbili aphansi at 147 kanye 269 amamitha. Basebenza kuphela isizini efudumele - kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-October. iqembu Tour ngokuvamile kungagcini izivakashi 70. On the umbhoshongo TV inamazinga 7. indawo ungaphezulu sise lokugcina. Ukuze asibuke kahle ngaso sonke amasayithi ezithakazelisayo eduze ngalesi siteshi sethelevishini, izivakashi zingase zisebenzise izibonakude kanye omabonakude. Ngo sezulu esihle ungabona hhayi kuphela inhloko-dolobha, kodwa futhi namadlelo ayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phansi emsamo observation esobala ngokuphelele (ezenziwe ngengilazi, eliqinile) ukuthi oyingqayizivele ikhuthaza irisidi umthamo umxhwele adrenaline lwalo emfudlaneni igazi izivakashi. Trip ku-Ostankino TV umbhoshongo - kungcono umcimbi iyamangalisa ngempela futhi umbukwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eminyakeni engu-30 basembhoshongweni ke kwadingeka isikhathi ukuvakashela izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-10 million.

Ulwazi Lwakho

Kusukela ngoJulayi 2013 uhambo esikhathini Ostankino ithelevishini isikhungo okwesikhashana kwenziwe uxhumano ngomsebenzi wokwakha. Kodwa okwamanje, ezisekelweni ezimbili wokubuka (337 kanye 340 metres), osanda kuvulwa futhi izivakashi! Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa: uhambo, izivakashi zivunyelwe kuphela kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 7 70. Omama abakhulelwe sokukhulelwa ngasekupheleni akulona efiselekayo vakashela umbhoshongo. Ukuphathwa nanezinqubo Umqansa zasemoyeni labagibeli nawubuka ongaboni kahle noma uma umuntu ehamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile noma ngezinduku.

Umklamo we Telecentre

Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo observation emphemeni, akungabazeki, kudingeka siyinake, kodwa ngingathanda eceleni yisho ukwakhiwa lombhoshongo. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, Isigaxa omkhulu side, ogama izindonga zenziwa metal kwagcizelela kwagcizelela ukhonkolo. ophahleni Telecentre isekelwa 149 izintambo ukuthi anamekwe odongeni lombhoshongo. Maphakathi lokhu Isigaxa ibekwe ngoba amakhebuli okwami, ephothiwe, ngamakheshi kanye namapayipi. By the way, ukwakhiwa has ngamakheshi eziyisikhombisa, kuhlanganise nabane - isivinini. Ngaphandle kokusekelwa, isisindo ukwakhiwa Umbhoshongo amathani angaba yizinkulungwane 32. Isisindo izindawo kanye isisekelo - 55 th amathani.. isikhala floor Iwusizo embhoshongweni kuyinto 15 000 sq. m. Umkhawulo ukalwe isivinini somoya Ostankinskaya umbhoshongo (eMoscow), noma kunalokho vertex yayo (Spire), kwakuthiwa ziyahlukahluka kumamitha angu-12.

izindawo Technical izivakashi awavikelekile, banayo emnyango Ihhotela. Igumbi, lapho bonke omoya main batholakala esitezi sesihlanu. Esitezi ngenhla zitholakala izakhiwo lobuchwepheshe. Ngu ezinamandla kagesi emisebeni Telecentre abasebenzi ukuvikela usebenzisa zesikrini, esakhiwe ngezinto ezikhethekile.

zommbila yesimanje

ezine-speed nezinqolobane zommbila ahlelwe ngalesi siteshi sethelevishini, ongafinyelela ngesivinini 7 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Elokugcina wethulwa 2006. Ikakhulukazi, emphemeni observation, esemgwaqweni endaweni engamamitha 337 metres, engafinyelelwa ngemizuzwana 58.

Umlilo ngesikhathi Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo

ngo-2000, umbhoshongo sihlangabezane umlilo omkhulu ukuthi yabulala abantu abathathu. Ngemva kwenhlekelele, eMoscow nesifunda eMoscow izinsuku ezimbalwa kwesokunxele ngaphandle ithelevishini yezokusakaza. Ekuqaleni, kwaba khona umlilo endaweni engamamitha 460 amamitha. Ngenxa yalokho, i-elementi amathathu phansi babe wokushiswa ngokuphelele. Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu ilangabi lokushisa amashumi amaningana izintambo ukuthi ahlinzeke prestressing izakhiwo zikakhonkolo, wavele, kodwa, ngokuphambene ukwesaba, umklamo namanje inkani. Yaba enye ubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bokuthi umakhi we Ostankino ithelevishini umbhoshongo nayo yonke eminye ezazini eziye ababesebenza esakhiweni ezaziphase isakhiwo, babe geniuses yangempela. Kamuva, lezi izintambo usubuyiselwe ngempumelelo.

Njengoba bomlilo umlilo Kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngo inqubo ekucwileni ezikweletini umlilo Kushone induna abacishimlilo, uVladimir Arsyukov. Wanquma yena ukuba bakhuphukele umlilo eziko futhi wanikeza umyalo ophakamisa Svetlana Loseva ukuya ukuphakama 460 amamitha nalo. Ekugcineni, bafa bobabili. Esinye isisulu kwaba locksmith Alexander Shipilin.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imbangela yomlilo sesithonywe amanethiwekhi. Nokho, imishini usumisiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi, saphinde saqala yekusata ivolumu efanayo. Ngemva kokuba umlilo kwadingeka ukuba afeze ukwakhiwa emikhulu kanti umsebenzi wokulungisa muhle endaweni kanye izakhiwo lapho ziqondiswa izinkambo. Ngo-February 2008, sase siphendukile futhi ngcono. manje Trip ku-Ostankino TV umbhoshongo ngemva kwale nhlekelele lwenziwe kuhambisana nezidingo eziqondile: lemali abathintekayo kulo akufanele idlule abantu 40.

Zemidlalo izenzakalo

• Kuze 2000, lesi siteshi labetibambile umncintiswano lo mjaho ngesikhathi ibambene 337 amamitha.
• Kusukela 2003 ihlelwe ngu-BASE jumping imincintiswano. Ngawo lowo nyaka usetha irekhodi emhlabeni: umbhoshongo Ostankino TV kusukela isakhiwo wagxuma abantu 26 ngesikhathi.
• Ngo-2004, umkhosi wahileleka engozini ku-BASE Jumping: sembangi Austrian Christina Grubelnik ubanjwe on ingxenye ophumile basembhoshongweni ngandlela-thile, ngaquleka, bese kanzima hit udonga ukhonkolo. Ngenxa yalokho, endaweni engamamitha 85 metres, ke izinyawo ubanjwe on emphemeni. Abasebenzi ngalesi siteshi sethelevishini, ngenhlanhla, ephethwe ukususa ekstremalka. Litholé waphuka eziningana kepha wasinda.
• ne siteshi sethelevishini ngesikhathi esifanayo wagxuma abantu 30: Ngo-2004, irekhodi elisha eyayibekwe.

ihholo Concert

Leli bhokisi wokwakha Ostankino TV isikhungo tour ihholo ekhonsathini "Royal". Njengengxenye yohlelo uhambo ikamelo lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi ehholo cinema ekukhombisa basembhoshongweni TV kanye Russian amafilimu TV. I "Royal" manje futhi ugijimela eziningi amakhonsathi, izingqungquthela, izethulo kanye nezinye izenzakalo.

Incredible inkathi lesikhumbuzo

Ostankino TV umbhoshongo nabo bonke imishini yayo is njalo ngcono. Ngokufaka antenna eziningana ezengeziwe manje ukuphakama kwalo ingaphezu 560 amamitha (uqaphele ukuthi umqondo yokuqala ukuphakama yayo 520 metres). Kwakuvamise kulezizinsuku Telecentre endimeni yayo eyinhloko - ukuthumela nokwamukela ezihlukahlukene nomsakazo inqwaba izinhlelo njengoba indawo studios TV.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ostankino Tower (isithombe lesi sakhiwo esivusa ngokumthanda) kuyinto enkulu izivakashi yenhloko-dolobha. Tour of the Telecentre - liyinto ongasoze walitshalwa ngempela. Uhlolojikelele eMoscow endaweni kwalo kusukela emphemeni observation esiyokhunjulwa for a lifetime.

Telecenter Ostankino kabanzi uthathwa njengophawu olumelela ithelevishini Russian kanye sezakhiwo ejabulisa kakhulu kule planethi.