Shukhov Tower e Moscow, ikheli, ukuphakama, isithombe

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi into efana Shukhov Tower, empeleni isho izimangaliso dolobha yesimanje Russian.

Lesi sakhiwo ephezulu liphumele kungabonwa ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zedolobha, futhi onesiqongo inikeza imibono emangalisayo eMoscow.

incazelo jikelele

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Shukhov Tower eMoscow unamagama amaningana. Esikhathini ewumngcingo, imibuthano ngokuvamile professional ubizwa ngokuthi Shukhov umsakazo umbhoshongo, ithelevishini umbhoshongo Shukhov noma Shabolovskaya ithelevishini umbhoshongo.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu hyperboloid isakhiwo ezintsha ifakwe asekelayo steel igobolondo, eyakhelwe iphrojekthi ekhethekile akhiwa Academician V G. Shuhovym. ukwakhiwa ezinkulu eyathatha iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1920 kuya ku-1922 kwekhulu elidlule.

Phakathi uhlaka lwayo ukusebenza okungewakho Ministry of Communications. Manje, kusukela ngo-2001, Shukhov Tower kuyinto anawo FSUE "RTRS" ngesikhathi.

Kuze kube manje, it is ayisetshenziswa inhloso yazo futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi ukubekwa ngoba omoya yeselula.

Kanjani ukuze uthole izinto zalo muzi?

Shukhov umbhoshongo, izithombe zazo ezingasho avele omagazini nezincwajana elalinikezelwe ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo yenhloko-dolobha isiRashiya, itholakala e Moscow, emgwaqeni. Shabolovka.

Thola ulahleke izivakashi ukwazi nje ngeke isebenze, ngoba into ukumane ukuthola. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuyodingeka athole 'Shabolovskaya "kaMasipala uhambe amamitha angaba ngu-300.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungacela ukuthi iphi Shukhov Tower, kusukela abedlula ngendlela noma izakhamuzi endaweni yakini, bese bayajabula ukuchitha khona.

izici kwesakhiwo

Ngokombono lobuchwepheshe Ngenxa Shukhov Tower sinetigaba ahlukene, ngalinye elikwazi ochwepheshe bahlangana emhlabathini, bese antante ngamawinji phezulu. Ngemva kwalokho, ngesikhathi ukuphakama ingxenye isakhiwo zixhunywe izipikili ezikhethekile eqinile ikakhulukazi.

Ngokusho original design ukuphakama Shukhov umbhoshongo kwakufanele abe ngempela umxhwele, cishe ngo-350 m. Nokho, izimo ziye baphoqeleka ukuba Dweba uhlelo wakhulelwa. Izwe wazibonela ukushoda inhlekelele metal, ngakho 160 m - esiphezulu eztholakalayo obuphelele isikhathi.

Umlando Omfushane we Shukhov Tower

Ngo-1919, lapho impi kwaba ngengozi esondelayo kokuphindela eSoviet Union, ukuze kuqinisekiswe nokukhulumisana njalo nokunokwethenjelwa phakathi eMoscow futhi emaphethelweni Republic kanye ezifundazweni eziningana Western, V. I. Lenin ngemvume isimemezelo ku ukwakhiwa ngokushesha umsakazo umbhoshongo.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Shukhov wayesenze amaphutha sasebenza eziningana ezifanayo. Kwanqunywa ukuthi isisekelo simangalele kwezobuchwepheshe esizayo (ngesikhathi, vele) kufanele athathe lesi design ethile.

Shukhov Tower ku Shabolovka kwaba lidlule Eiffel edumile emhlabeni wonke. Okokuqala, kwaba kathathu alula kakhulu kunomoya umklamo French :. amathani 2200 ngokumelene amathani 7300 Nokho, ukuwa kwezomnotho akuvunyelwe ukuba uqaphele onguchwepheshe iphupho. Ngo Union ngesikhathi, njengoba kakade kushiwo, wayentula steel Nokho, gunya, sayeka endaweni ephakeme embhoshongweni 150 m.

Ngo-October 1919 Shukhov Tower, ogama kheli ngempela eyaziwa ngokuthi Muscovites nezivakashi yenhloko-dolobha, ithole isisekelo salo.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iphrojekthi Shukhov wayephelele ezweni bahlukunyezwe impi yombango nokuvukela. Tower design kwakucatshangwa out nemininingwane emincane, kodwa namanje ngempela linesizotha. Ukwenza Izinto Zibe Lula usizo basuke ngokoqobo kuthintwe kuyo yonke imininingwane, futhi zonke izingxenye angadingi umklamo ekhethekile futhi, ngokuyisisekelo, izipikili futhi amaphrofayli.

Naphezu kwalokhu, Shukhov Tower eMoscow (isithombe walabo izikhathi kungabonakala eminyuziyamu edolobheni) awuzange eyakhelwe njengoba ngokushesha njengoba besingathanda. Izisebenzi bakhale ngokuthi amabhodi kanye amapulangwe ukuza njalo ukubambezeleka okukhulu, kanye nensimbi futhi ingabe ivelele ngokungathandi kakhulu.

Umbhali V G. Shuhov mathupha wokwakha, eliqhutshwa izikhungo, esihlelwe ukudiliva zokwakha, ngaphambilini izabelo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokoqobo empini bafuna amaholo esifike abasebenzi.

Ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa intengo luhlobo inhlangano, umakhi wakhuphuka ukuqoqa kwesigaba ukuphakama m 25 futhi nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-300 phansi, bese ikhebula kanye indophi ukuthi siphakamise zayiqeda. Yena ngokwakhe kuwo wonke kuyanda. Futhi kancane kancane Shukhov Tower eMoscow aqala ukwakheka.

Shukhov, naphezu kwezinkinga bemvelo siqu, wazinikela ukwakhiwa. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo 1919 ekufeni kwendodana yakhe, ngo-March 1920 - unina. Ngo-June 1921 kwenzeka ukushaqeka esilandelayo: ngenkathi oqeda kwesigaba sesine, eyesithathu waphula. Torn omunye izintambo, futhi engxenyeni yesine is lehla, kulimaze lokuqala amabili akha lesi senqaba. Izisulu, ngenhlanhla, wakwazi ukubaleka, kodwa ngezinye Shukhov kusukela ngalolo suku waqala kokuphenywa, isivivinyo kanye wemisebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, yena yanikezelwa okubizwa ngokuthi "dubula okunemibandela", okungase ngokoqobo kakhulu uma umbhoshongo ayikwazanga ukuqeda ngesikhathi okwakuvunyelwene umnqamulajuqu.

Shukhov Tower ajwayelekile kithi, isithombe okungase kubhekwe kabanzi njengoba incwadi eyenzelwe amandla yezakhiwo, kanye travel izincwajana anikezelwe eMoscow, waqala umsebenzi ngo-1923.

Abantu asebebadala uzophawula ukuthi isikhathi eside yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi wokuphumula "ikhadi Ukushaya kwe" ithelevishini wonke i-USSR. Trial yezokusakaza kanye into siqala ukuba khona ngo-1937, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ngo-1939, kwakunamacala angu kakade ukusakaza njalo.

Umklamo uye kancane kancane balahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo. indima juqu kule kudlalwa mbobo 1967 ka zanamuhla futhi enamandla Ostankino umbhoshongo.

Uyini Tower namuhla

Nokho Shukhov Tower ku Shabolovka odlale a ukubaluleka lukhulu ekuphileni zabantu baseRussia. Kanjani? Iqiniso liwukuthi emva ngenhlamvu Ostankino TV umbhoshongo ngo-2000 futhi eminyakeni nengxenye ngayo kule nto isekela ukusakaza iziteshi esemqoka.

Kuze kube manje, abakhi zomhlaba baye baqaphela wobuciko lakhe elikhethekile ngendlela eyoletha esivelele zobunjiniyela.

Udumo Umhlaba futhi ukubaluleka luhlobo amasu ngokuthi Shukhov umbhoshongo, izithombe okungase kubhekwe ngemininingwane enkulu, liyinkolo kubuye kufakazelwe imiklomelo kusukela nemibukiso ahlukahlukene. onobuhle wakhe zinengxenye cishe zonke nemibukiso ehlonishwayo European eminyakeni yamuva.

Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso umsakazo umbhoshongo lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela logo Paris eSikhungweni Pompidou, embukisweni "Engineering Art". Futhi ngo-2003 e Munich, emcimbini onesihloko esithi "umklamo eziphezulu ukwakhiwa izakhiwo XX leminyaka", sibonelo efakwe umbhoshongo eyayibhalwe Shukhov 6m ukuphakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincwadi eziningi ngomlando izakhiwo e-Europe, lesi sakhiwo kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngo-2006, ngesikhathi kunesithangami sabezindaba ngokwesayensi kwi kwamaplanethi isikali "Ukulondolozwa sesakhiwo esikhulu XX leminyaka", wakhe ubuhanjelwe ochwepheshe 170 ezivela emazweni angu-30, Shukhov Tower obonwa Russian wobuciko yezakhiwo kanye a World Heritage Site.

Ngokusho idatha olunikezwa indawo ukuze kuvikeleke izinto "isakhamuzi asebenzayo" Shukhov Tower okwamanje ivikelwe isimo, Kunconywa ukufakwa UNESCO Site, kodwa ukufinyelela ivaliwe.

Umsebenzi eyenziwa ngekhulu xxi

Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-British N. Foster ngoMashi 2010, wabhala incwadi nge funa kabusha ngokuphelele umbhoshongo esimweni sayo sasekuqaleni, bephawula lokuthi ke sekonakele futhi ubhujiswe.

Kuze kube manje, abakhi okulungiselelwe ongakhetha eziningana ukutakula into. Omunye wabo inikeza ababemzungezile ukudala (ngomfanekiso Eiffel Tower), endaweni ukuzilibazisa. Kukhona okufanele ukubeka ibhizinisi, emnyuziyamu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezamasiko.

Ngo-2011, Putin ngaphambilini ngesikhathi 2011-2013 ukwaba kusukela Isabelomali Federation ruble ayizigidi ezingu-135. umklamo nokwakha kabusha into.

Ngo-June 2012, umbhoshongo ukuthi uhlolwa i indiza unmanned. Ngalo wadala imodeli unhlangothi-ntathu izinto eMoscow camera nge ukuhlanekezela kwezinto eye yenzeka kusukela.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, umncintiswano inkontileka Franchise, okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nomklamo imibhalo kabusha umbhoshongo iwine inkampani "Quality nokwethembeka", okuyinto engcono kakhulu kunaleyo eziyishumi kanye ruble eziyisigidi nesigamu idale nokwakha kabusha project global.

Isikhwama Manager "Shukhov Tower" futhi umzukulu unjiniyela brilliant sathi lowo msebenzi kuwufanele 2 million euros esakhokhwa izikhungo angaphandle ukuthi ukubhekana izakhiwo, ubunjiniyela kanye physics.

isidingo sokubuyiselwa

Kuyoze kube phakade yokwakhiwa ukusebenza ubunjiniyela neze capitally kwalungisa cha. Emuva ngo-1992, kwase ezikhonjwe isidingo ukulungiswa esiphuthumayo. Isikhwama "Shukhov Tower" liphakanyiswe izinketho eziningana for ukulungisa lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele.

Umqondo oyinhloko uwukuthi indawo evaliwe, eseduze umbhoshongo, nokwenza ezokuvakasha, ukwakha amapaki, amachibi, iminyuziyamu kanye ehholo.

Liphinde ezihlongozwayo ukuze uthumele design omunye ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Gorky Park ;
• Enea;
• District Kaluga eliqaphile.

Against ukudluliselwa eziningi, kuhlanganise indima ekhethekile kudlalwa ngabameli umthombo "isakhamuzi asebenzayo". "Shukhov Tower kufanele zitholakale endaweni yalo mlando, kungenjalo uyobhubhisa izwe nje wobuciko," - Bathi.

Izinhlelo uthumele: agumenti "ngoba" futhi "ngokumelene"

Ngo-2014, uMnyango Wezokuxhumana Nokutholakala Mass Media libike ukuthi embhoshongweni liyasuswa isimo pre-eziphuthumayo ekubhujisweni serial.

Abameleli uhulumeni baye basikisela ukuqaqa into yonke futhi ulibuyise kwenye indawo.

Kodwa uziphakamisile ukudluliswa kanye ukuhlaziywa ifa yezakhiwo yezwe isinyathelo ngokushesha 38 ehamba phambili ochwepheshe international futhi abaklami kanye izakhamuzi zendawo Shabolovka.

Zacindezelwa yomphakathi, uhulumeni wanquma ukuba ahlukanisa umbhoshongo futhi wavumelana Ministry of Communications, bekwenza ngezindleko zabo ukuthatha impendulo eziphuthumayo zinyathelo ukuvikela into.

Uyini Foundation "Shukhov Tower"?

Inhloko Isikhwama efanayo ukhonza umzukulu unjiniyela abadumile - UVladimir Fedorovich Shukhov. Njengamanje inikeza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo olunzulu insimu eduze umbhoshongo. Ngokusho European isipiliyoni ukulungisa izakhiwo yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele Kumelwe zidalwe endaweni indawo elihambisana ingqalasizinda futhi ukuqinisekisa efanele yokudla into ezibukwayo. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuheha utshalomali abalulekile.

Isikhwama "Shukhov Tower" imele ukudalwa izakhiwo ngasesinqeni se isikhungo yokuqala isayensi, ezobuciko namasiko, okuzobe ahlanganisa emnyuziyamu V G. Shuhova, isikhungo ibhizinisi, futhi iqoqo izakhiwo zomphakathi.

Inhlangano ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele ifuna kokubili izikhungo kanye nezinkampani, futhi ehola onjiniyela, abaklami ochwepheshe.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo umbhoshongo

Shuhovskaya - ke empeleni uhlukile hyperboloid isakhiwo esakhiwe ngokwakha asekelayo ikhava anezikhala metal. Njengamanje, umbhoshongo owaziwa nezazi emhlabeni jikelele yezinto ezinkulu ezifinyelelwe brilliant iningi zobunjiniyela.

It has a metallosetchatuyu esiyingqayizivele design nenhle ukuthi ifeza umthelela sakugcina umoya, emelela izakhiwo eziyisisekelo kubangele izingozi ezinkulu. Ukwakhiwa steel Kulula kakhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.

I tapered round umbhoshongo izindlu 25 yakhiwa izingxenye imitha eziyisithupha, phansi okuyinto olubekwa ekhethekile isisekelo obuphathekayo amamitha amathathu ukujula. Walo mbhoshongo ziboshelwe izipikili. Umbhoshongo Yakhiwa ngaphandle Cranes, kwakudingeka eyodwa kuphela esihlelwe ophezulu ukusebenza.

Ngaphambi kwempi, ukwakhiwa wathatha ukuhlolwa okungavamile: mail indiza ngesikhathi indiza wabanjwa ikhebula asekelayo imibhoshongo. Imoto cishe niphihlizwe nibe yizicucwana, lomphotshongo nje ngiqhaqhazela kancane, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, wahlala nokuma.

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi esikhathini ukusakaza lokuqala kakhulu bukhoma, lapho abethuli babengavunyelwe ngisho iphutha kancane, benyuka umkhuba wokukhulekela "inhlanhla": umqondo yimpumelelo emoyeni dlula emhlabeni umbhoshongo bese uthinta ke ezansi le joists.

Izibuyekezo ezinhle

Umbhoshongo ngokungangabazeki olunye lwezimpawu eMoscow. Izivakashi eyayinecilongo ithuba ukubona lokhu abadumile, lesithathu ngobukhulu e umbhoshongo eMoscow, wayekubheka njengelungelo isakhiwo esihle kakhulu, into yokuqala futhi enhle kakhulu, ingcebo yangempela Russia.

Bathi ebumnyameni, futhi sezulu kucace ke, ezinde phezu zikakhonkolo leli dolobha, kubonakala omangalisayo.

Abantu bathemba ukuthi umbhoshongo kuyoba eMoscow, futhi uzobe ekugcineni abuyiselwe.

Abaphikisi silondoloze into

Ngeshwa, zikhona. Abasekeli into ukubhidliza singaphoqi yokuthi ngesikhathi isimo samanje, umbhoshongo ungcolisa ukubukeka komakhelwane.

Isiphetho esisodwa: Shukhov ngempela udinga ukubuyisela, kanye ukwenza kanjalo kufanele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.