Izikhathi inertia. Eminye imininingwane-Solid Mechanics

Esinye sezimiso eziyisisekelo ezingokwenyama nokuxhumana kwezinto eziqinile kuyinto umthetho inertia, owasungulwa omkhulu Isaakom Nyutonom. Nale umqondo esibhekana nazo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba nethonya elikhulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinto ezibonakalayo leli zwe, kuhlanganise abantu. Ngenxa yalokho, ezifana ubukhulu ngokomzimba, njengoba mzuzu inertia, kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa umthetho oshiwo ngenhla, ukucacisa amandla kanye nesikhathi umphumela wawo ukudla okuqinile.

Ngokombono walaba Mechanics impahla, iyiphi into lingachazwa ngokuthi EsiZulwini asinayo futhi leyakheke ngokucacile (idealized) simiso amaphuzu, ibanga mutual emkhatsini okuyinto ayikashintshi kuncike uhlamvu motion yabo. Le ndlela kwenza ukubala ngokunembile ngu esikhethekile amafomula inertia kakhulu zonke ukudla okuqinile. Enye ehilelekile ezithakazelisayo lapha ukuthi noma iyiphi eziyinkimbinkimbi lowo eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo indlela, le nhlangano kungenziwa imelelwa iqoqo ukunyakaza elula emkhathini: ukujikeleza futhi Translational. Libuye lula kakhulu zesayensi ukuphila kulesi sibalo ukubaluleka ngokomzimba.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini mzuzu inertia futhi yini umthelela wabo ezweni elisizungezile ulula isibonelo ngokuzumayo ushintsho ijubane imoto umgibeli (unyathela amabhuleki). Kulokhu, imilenze emi umgibeli ukuhlikihla phansi ukuze ahehe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunoma iyiphi umthelela ngeke umzimba kanye nenhloko elihunyushwe, ukuze isikhathi esithile uzoqhubeka ethinta nge ngejubane elifanayo kusengaphambili. Ngenxa yalokho, umgibeli ukuncika phambili noma iwe. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mzuzu inertia we umlenze, iqeda nge ngomshikisho ngokumelene phansi, kuyoba kakhulu esingaphansi nezinye amaphuzu yomzimba. Iphethini okuphambene siyenzeka nge waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi ijubane ibhasi noma imoto tram.

I mzuzu inertia ingachazwa njenge ubuningi ngokomzimba, ilingana nenani lezinombolo imikhiqizo ukugudluka aphansi (labo amachashazi ngabanye Solid) ngokuphinda kabili lalingenandaba nabantu eksisi ujikeleza. Kule ncazelo kusobala ukuthi lesi sici kuyinto ubuningi okufakiwe. Uma sikubeka kalula, impahla umzimba mzuzu inertia ilingana nenani lezinombolo yezingxenye zayo imingcele efana: J = J ₁ + J ₂ + J + ₃ ...

Inkomba izidumbu zabantu geometry eziyinkimbinkimbi, is Ucwaningo kunqunywa. Kufanele ikhumbule imingcele eminingi kakhulu ezahlukene ngokomzimba kuhlanganise kwabantu into, okungase non-iyunifomu ezindaweni zawo ezahlukene, ukudala okuthiwa umehluko mass izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngakho, amafomula ejwayelekile ayifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, mzuzu inertia esiyingini nge engaba ezithile kanye kwabantu iyunifomu, abanesimo-eksisi Ukujikeleza okudlula isikhungo yayo, ingabalwa usebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo: J = Mr ^2. Kodwa ngale ndlela ngeke isebenze ukubala lesi silinganiso ukusonga, zonke izingxenye zazo ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene.

A mzuzu inertia we sphere okuqinile futhi isakhiwo eyohlobo ingabalwa ngefomula: J = 2 / 5mR ^2. Esikhathini ekubalweni Inkomba izidumbu ngokuhlobene ezimbili okuhambisana Ukujikeleza izimbazo ku-formula uhlala eyengeziwe - ibanga phakathi izimbazo, okhonjiswe incwadi. I-axis ujikeleza sesibili luchazwa ngohlamvu L. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomula kungathatha ifomu elilandelayo: J = L + ma ^2.

ucwaningo Qaphela kokunyakaza inertial amabhodi kanye nokuxhumana yabo kwenziwa okokuqala nge uGalileo lapho kwakuphambana khona namakhulu eminyaka nesithupha kanye nesikhombisa. Bavumela usosayensi omkhulu, kwaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, ukusungula umthetho eziyisisekelo ekulondolozweni nemizimba yenyama isimo ukuphumula noma rectilinear ezinyakazayo okuphathelene nomhlaba ngokungabi bikho ukuchayeka kwezinye izidumbu. Umthetho inertia kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekusunguleni izimiso eziyisisekelo ezingokwenyama ka Mechanics, kuyilapho namanje ngempela engacacile nengaqondakali futhi ungaqondakali. Newton kamuva Ekuthathweni kwemithetho jikelele motion zemizimba, kufakwe hlangana nenani labo nomthetho inertia.