Ngomshikisho amandla

Amandla kokukhuhlana kuyinqubo lapho ukuxhumana zemizimba ngesikhathi ukunyakaza kwabo, kwenziwe maqondana nomunye. Lokhu kungase offset, ukunyakaza komzimba e medium liquid noma gaseous. Kukhona igama esingokwesayensi salo mkhuba - ukuxhumana kokukhuhlana. Njengomthetho, isifundo friction abahilelekile physics, "Mechanics nokuxhumana kokukhuhlana" sigaba, futhi kwezinye izimo - tribology.

Amandla friction kuyinto electronic ngokwemvelo, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kombandela owodwa - ketshezi kuyinto esimweni esejwayelekile.

Ngokuqondene izinhlobo zalesi simo, ebukhoneni inqubo ukunyakaza isihlobo yemizimba, amandla eziqhamukayo ngesikhathi ekusebenzelaneni kwabo, zingahlukaniswa zibe:

- ngokuhambisa ngomshikisho ungamandla ephakama ukuhunyushwa engumzimba owodwa isihlobo kwenye. Isebenza ku-umzimba lolunikwe isiqondiso okuyinto okuphambene esiqondisweni beya.

- Rolling kombango noma torque engu. Friction kwenzeka uma ekusebenziseni bungamandla ababili abasizanayo ngenhlonipho kwenye.

- ngomshikisho Static ungamandla ezingase ziphakame phakathi izindikimba ezimbili eduze noma ngenye indlela, kanye nokuvimbela nesenzakalo motion isihlobo. Njengomthetho, kuphakama lapho ukunyakaza kancane noma imigwamanda contact. It wenza isiqondiso okuyinto okuphambene ezinyakazayo isihlobo.

Ngokuqondene physics, amandla friction kanye nokuxhumana uhlukaniswe:

- I ezomile, uma kukhona ukuxhumana kwezinto eziqinile, futhi bahlukana abanye zokugcoba ezengeziwe. Leli cala ingasaphathwa ezivamile umkhuba futhi isici esiphawuleka - khona izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu amabutho kokukhuhlana wedwa.

- Boundary - kulapho ukuxhumana kukhona izingqimba futhi izindawo nemvelo ezahlukene. La mandla enza umzimba kokukhuhlana ngokwemvelo yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi.

- Mixed - lapho inqubo esibonakalayo yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana nokungqubuzana ketshezi futhi yomile. Kungase kwenzeke uma umzimba egxilile ketshezi, kodwa kulokhu, amandla kuvele ukungezwani lungachazwa ngezinga elithile viscosity medium.

- elastohydrodynamic - kwenzeka uma ebalulekile ezithile ngomshikisho impahla yangaphakathi, okuyinto yenza umsebenzi lubricating. Njengomthetho, kuphakama lapho ukwanda enamandla isihlobo ijubane ukunyakaza.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi izinqubo zemvelo namakhemikhali okuhlotshaniswa lesi simanga ngesikhathi ukubandakanyeka kokukhuhlana ukungqubuzana lwenteke izinqubo akuzona amenable ukuba incazelo indlela eyenziwa esebenzisa Mechanics classical.

Ukuphendula umbuzo okuyinto kuncike ibutho friction, singasho ukuthi inqunywa ibutho ingcindezi kanye ukuhilizisana. Isibalo wesibili encike ngqo ezintweni eziningi: degree of msulwa, okuyinto kusetshenzwe noma ngaphezulu ku uhlobo impahla kusukela okwakwenza emizimbeni ngokwabo, futhi uma kukhona kala, futhi yilo inkomba. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ndawo, okuyinto nabo umzimba, amandla ngomshikisho cishe akuxhomekile.

Ekuphetheni singasho ukuthi kwakuneqembu ngomshikisho ezithile kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzulazula phezu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi ehamba phansi kanye bamba kuyinto ematheni kwenziwe, okuyinto nje kwenzeka ngenxa friction. Ngenxa yalokhu contact, ematheni is wacasulwa kusukela phansi nomuntu iqhubekela phambili.

Ichaza ngayo kanye indlela efanayo kukhona ukuqaliswa traction imoto endleleni. Kuyinto ukuthuthukisa futhi sandise adhesion we ngokukhethekile amathayi amasha futhi amathayi, futhi ngezimoto ingafakwa "Splashes", okuyinto sicindezelwe imoto kanzima ngokwanele ukuba ithrekhi.