UHF lukamakhalekhukhwini. Antenna kamabonakude. UHF antenna angaphakathi. UHF antenna ngezandla zakho

Izinto zesimanje emakethe inikeza uhla elikhulu lama-antenna ukuthola ithelevishini eliwumhlaba. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko wale mikhiqizo, ivumela yokwamukela VHF futhi UHF Umsakazo band. Lemisebenti ingaphindze sihlukene phakathi ngokusho indawo ukusetshenziswa in ongaphandle futhi zasendlini. Ngomqondo onabile, awayona ezahlukene kakhulu. Endaweni yokuqala igcizelelwa usayizi kulondolozwe imingcele edingekayo ngaphansi kwethonya izimo zezulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngamathonya izinhlobo ezikhona data izinto, cabangela lokho ongakhetha zabo, indlela yokuqhuba isivivinyo. Futhi ukwenza abathandi Siwohloza uchaze ukuthi UHF antenna elenziwe ngezandla zabo.

Yini umahluko?

Ake sizame ukuchaza amagama ambalwa, indlela ukunquma ukuthi umkhiqizo onjani kuphambi kwenu. UHF antenna sifana esitebhisini. Uyibeke zifana kuya phansi. Imitha antenna TV kuthiwa sawela aluminium tube. Ukubukeka zombili izinhlobo kuboniswa esithombeni ngezansi. Kukhona futhi kuhlanganiswe antenna uma kuqondaniswe futhi "isitebhisi", kanye tube esiphambanweni.

Inkinga oluthandwa

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi yonke into ilula. Nokho, umthengi ebuza indlela ukukhetha idivayisi kwesokudla lapho nemingcele ukuba banake. Ngokuvamile kungcono kakhulu ukuhlola i-antenna TV ngqo izimo bazosebenza ngaphansi kwazo. Ukudlula isignali yomsakazo ngokuvamile singumuntu for endaweni ethile. Ngakho, umkhiqizo lab libonisa eminye imiphumela, futhi 'ensimini' - awafani. Kukhona iqhinga ezithile ivumela ukuba avivinye kokubili imitha futhi decimeter TV antenna. Nokho, ukukhetha umkhiqizo ezifana esitolo, asikwazi ukuba avivinye ngokugcwele. Ngiphakathi umdayisi alivumelani ukusinika ekuhlolweni a izitsha ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene. Kulokhu-ke kuyadingeka ukuba akwethembe ukusebenza mikhiqizo. Futhi sethemba ukuthi i-antenna akhethiwe ngeke yenze imisebenzi yayo ngokuhambisana idatha iphasipoti, hhayi umbono wezimo ezingokoqobo.

Amapharamitha main

UHF antenna libhekene ngokuyinhloko iphethini ngemisebe. Amapharamitha eyinhloko lesi sici lisezingeni elinjani ohlangothini (inkampani) Lobe kanye main Lobe ububanzi. Chaza beamwidth e izindiza evundla mpo ngaso inani elikhulu 0,707. Ngakho, lokhu ipharamitha (main Lobe ububanzi) yombonisomdwebo ingahlukaniswa ku omnidirectional futhi ohlangothini. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Uma Lobe main uyakwazi ukwakha ewumngcingo, kusho antenna (UHF) uqondiswa. Ngakusasa ipharamitha ebalulekile amasosha omzimba umsindo. Lesi sici luncike ezingeni ezingemuva futhi ohlangothini iyizingxenye ngokuyinhloko. Okunqumayo isilinganiso amandla abelwe antenna enikeziwe umthwalo ifaniswe ngesikhathi ethola isiginali kusuka isiqondiso main ngamandla (umthwalo efanayo), lapho ethola kuthabathela ecaleni futhi izinkomba labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngokuyinhloko ifomu umdwebo incike isibalo abaqondisi kanye nesakhiwo lukamakhalekhukhwini.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "volnovoykanal"?

TV Antennas yalolu hlobo aphumelela eqonidisiwe umsakazo abamukelayo. Basuke kabanzi ezindaweni ngokusobala ababuthakathaka ithelevishini ukusakaza. I-antenna (UHF) thayipha "Yagi" has a inzuzo enkulu futhi has directivity ezinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mikhiqizo angusayizi sincane, okuyinto (kanye inzuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu) kwenza kube bemthanda zonke izakhamuzi zakule ndawo iholide nezinye ezindaweni ezinabantu, kude isikhungo. Lokhu-antenna unegama yesibili - Uda-Yagi (egameni abaqambi Japanese abaye nelungelo lobunikazi kanye kule divayisi).

Umgomo we operation

Antenna UHF uhlobo "Yagi" limelela iqoqo izakhi: i yokwenziwa (kugqame) futhi okusebenzayo (isidlidlizi) kanye nabaqondisi abambalwa ukuthi ogibele nemicibisholo ezivamile. isimiso sayo wokusebenza kanje. Isidlidlizi has a ubude ethile, itholakala emkhakheni kagesi siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni kule isignali yomsakazo futhi wathola isignali imvamisa. It unxenxwa amandla electromotive (EMF). element ngayinye yokwenziwa unomthelela ensimini kagesi, nakho kuholela ukubukeka EMF. Ngenxa yalokho, baba kabusha ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana ensimini yesibili kagesi. kula masimu ukuphakamisa isidlidlizi EMF extra ngokulandelana. Ngakho, izilinganiso izakhi yekwentiwa kanye nebanga sabo isidlidlizi asebenzayo akhethiwe yokuthi EMF eyenga ngenxa amasimu abo yesibili kwaba esigabeni ne EMF eyinhloko okuyinto unxenxwa kuwo inkambu eyinhloko kagesi. Kulokhu, zonke EMF wafingqa enikeza okhushuliwe design kahle uma kuqhathaniswa isidlidlizi olulodwa. Ngakho, noma kuyinto nje evamile egumbini UHF antenna kungaqinisekisa esitebeleni isignali reception.

I kugqame (isici yokwenziwa) efakwe ngemuva isidlidlizi 0,15-0,2 λ _0. ubude bayo kumele singeqi ubude isici asebenzayo ngamaphesenti angu 5-15. Ngo ezifana enothi directivity iphethini etholwe emaceleni e izindiza mpo futhi enezingqimba. Umphumela ancipha kakhulu, futhi senanele reception Amasimu okuyinto zivela eceleni ngemuva lukamakhalekhukhwini. Endabeni kokuba ukuthatha isignali ithelevishini at amabanga ezinkulu futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, ebukhoneni semali ukuphazamiseka, kutuswa ukusebenzisa ezintathu noma zokucathula ngaphezulu antenna, esakhiwa isidlidlizi asebenzayo, eyodwa noma ngaphezulu abaqondisi kanye kugqame.

Isignali ye-eqondile kubonakala

Esihlokweni esasikhuluma owamukelayo wave ( "Tele-Sputnik» № 11, 1998), kwazeke ukuthi esimweni lapho isignali umthombo is a non-standard (ie-non-laboratory) generator antenna imbuthuma kanye isignali okuvezwa ithelevishini umbhoshongo, inani elikhulu nendima eyadlalwa izimo sezulu, kanye ukufakwa indawo umamukeli. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuthinta umsebenzi umkhiqizo UHF band. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi nombono ku uhla decimetre kancane, ngokulandelana, eguqa izithiyo kakhulu sibi kakhulu, futhi iyiphi kuveza isignali zidlala indima ebalulekile njengoba isithombe wathola. Ikakhulukazi, ngisho odongeni lwendlu kungaba amagagasi kugqame. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi umugqa ecacile obonayo, ungasebenzisa le impahla - ukwenza isignali kubonakala. Nokho, izinga layo kuyoba aphansi ukwedlula oqondile. Uma izinga isignali ukusakaza kuphezulu, kodwa akukho umugqa oqondile obonayo, ungasebenzisa wave kubonakala. Eqinisweni, i-antenna Igumbi UHF usebenza ngalendlela. Phela, igumbi kunzima ukubamba igagasi ngqo uma amafasitela zitholakala kolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho-ke, uma uzama, ungakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola iphuzu lapho isignali eyamukelwe ephakeme. Kodwa endabeni ka-ulayini emehlweni, iyiphi kubonakala ukuphazamiseka ziyokonakalisa isithombe wathola.

Le nqubo ivumela ukuqhathanisa kwemigomo antenna

Ukuze aqhube ukuhlolwa abamukelayo, badinga ukudala izimo ezifanayo:

1. Khetha indawo yokufaka, okuzokwenza agijime antenna wakho. Ungasebenzisa emphemeni, ophahleni noma insika. Into esemqoka ukuthi kokubili ukuphakama futhi ndawo babe yonke imikhiqizo efanayo.

2. isiqondiso umthombo isignali ukusakaza kufanele kugcinwe ukuze ngaphakathi degrees ezintathu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungenza uphawu okhethekileko okunamathiselwe tube.

3. Izilinganiso kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi efanayo izimo zezulu.

4. Ikhebula yokuxhuma i-antenna kanye TV kufanele abe impedance efanayo kanye nobude. Kungcono ukusebenzisa wire olulodwa, ushintsha kuphela abamukelayo.

Ukuhlola kufanele kuphela kwenziwe imikhiqizo zohlobo olulodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, zasendlini antenna UHF-band akufanele kuqhathaniswa ne abamukelayo zangaphandle noma imitha. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa ensimini anganika Imiphumela okwehlukile izinto ezibonakalayo elabhorethri.

UHF antenna TV digital

Muva nje, abezindaba mass singaphikelela okwakhulunywa isidingo ukwedlulisela ithelevishini digital. Kakade abaningi baye benza kanjalo, futhi omunye umuntu acabanga ngayo. Nakuba isignali wenziwa ukusakaza kuzo zombili izindlela. Nokho, izinga le-TV-analog ayiyinhle. Kule ndaba, abantu banesithakazelo, okuyinto ingasetshenziswa UHF antenna T2. Ake ukubhekana nale nkinga. Eqinisweni, ithelevishini digital osakaza ku UHF-band siteshi. Ngakho sithi indinganiso UHF antenna kungenzeka efanelekayo yokwamukela yakhe. Ezitolo ungakwazi ngokuvamile ubone ukuthi idivaysi eyamukelayo, okukhombisa ukuthi ahloselwe ithelevishini digital. Nokho, lokhu kuyinto icebo ukumaketha evumela ukuthengisa ejwayelekile UHF antenna kuyabiza ngaphezu kuyakufanelekela. Ukuthenga umkhiqizo elinjalo, kuzodingeka asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi kuyoba ukunikeza basamukele kangcono kunalokho isivele ikhaya lakho nomsebenzi ngaphezu konyaka. Njengoba sishilo phambilini, ikhwalithi kuxhomeke kakhulu ezingeni isignali ukusakaza kanye nemibandela ukubonakala oqondile. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi zisetshenziselwa iningi nemizi yezinkweli ukudluliswa TV digital kakhulu ugesi onamandla ngaphezu kwe-analog. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ukusheshisa kwathatha indinganiso entsha. Phela, izilaleli ufuna ukubona isithombe esicacile, hhayi "iqhwa" esikrinini. Ngakho uma ubeka owamukelayo ewindini ethi "antenna decimetric ngoba DVB T2», yazini lokhu akusho ukuthi ufuna umkhiqizo othize. Vele hhayi umdayisi ngempela ngokwethembeka ufuna imali umthengi lutho. Futhi qaphela ukuthi uhlelo kwathatha indinganiso entsha siphinde sihlinzekele nangezinhlelo zokusungulwa ukwelulekwa izikhungo. Kuzo, ungathola ulwazi oluningiliziwe kunoma iyiphi inkinga ezihlobene TV digital. Zonke kokuthintana mahhala. Kwamanye amadolobha, lokhu imishini kumodi yokuhlola, ngakho isignali kungaba engazinzile noma ebuthaka. Ungakhathazeki, izisebenzi isikhungo uhlale ngokushesha, indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga nge izinga isignali reception.

UHF antenna ngezandla zakho

UHF-wave obuphelele kuhambisana isikhawu kusuka 10 cm 1 m. Kule ethile igama layo futhi kwenzeka. oscillations kagesi ngalesi imvamisa advantageously ukunweba emgceni locondzile. Bona cishe musa bend azungeze izithiyo, basuke kancane kuphela babonakalisa iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva. Kule ndaba, nokuxhumana nabantu abakude ku band UHF kunalokho esingesihle. engaba wayo akuyona engaphezu kwekhulu amakhilomitha. Cabanga ngombhangqwana othile izibonelo zendlela ukwenza antenna UHF ekhaya.

Okokuqala samuntu ngokurhaba ithelevishini yezokusakaza umamukeli kuyoba, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, libuthene phezu kwedolo ka edayisa izinto. Iziteshi UHF ahlelwe phezu isikhawu kusuka MHz 300 kuya ku-3 GHz. Umsebenzi wethu - ukwenza antenna, okuyinto ezosebenza lezi amaza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ubhiya amathini amabili 0.5 litre umthamo. Uma usebenzisa i-container amakhulu kunalo, kodwa uzokwehla imvamisa wathola. Ukuze ukufakwa uzodinga Uhlaka ezinye, ungasebenzisa ububanzi ibhodi 10 cm. Ungasebenzisa futhi abavamile lokhuni elingenamikhono isiphanyeko, kuleso simo antenna okuholela kungenziwa elenga nail noma iyiphi indawo evumelana egumbini. Ngaphezu uzimele namakani, kudingeka alungiselele yebhangqa nezikulufi self-evunyelwe, amathuluzi, ikhebula coaxial, isixhumi, esibulalayo, nangokuvikela tape. Ngesinye ekupheleni isixhumi ikhebula wafaka kumabonakude fluster kuye. Eyesibili ekugcineni ifektri e block esibulalayo. Ngokulandelayo, unamathisele ngezikulufo ukuze entanyeni namakani ezikhumulweni. Izintambo kufanele uvumelane snugly kuya metal. Manje thina uqhubekele inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-antenna uqobo. Ngenxa yale njongo, lo oluvundlile ovundlile okubambelela namakani lukhuni ukuhlangabezana. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele kube 75 mm. Ukukhiya amathini zingasetshenziswa ngethephu enamathelayo. Zonke-antenna ulungile! Manje ukuthola indawo ukuba reception okusimeme isiginali kamabonakude futhi uhlanganyele kule ndawo "isiphanyeko" yethu.

I-apharathasi reception kamabonakude digital

Lesi sigaba senzelwe abantu abangafuni ukusebenzisa ezivamile (analog) umkhiqizo, futhi ufuna ngefomethi entsha wasebenzisa UHF antenna ekhethekile. Izandla zakhe is idivayisi ethola nayo uya aphansi. Ngenxa yalesi sidinga isikwele sokhuni (zingenziwa plexiglass) Uhlaka nge idayagonali 200 mm kanye ikhebula RK-75 ezivamile. Wethulwa ukunakwa kwakho kuyinto okufana antenna amazombe. Yathandwa ngokuphelele uqobo emsebenzini ku ezahlukene yokwamukela ithelevishini digital. Futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona umugqa oqondile kwamehlo umthombo. Uma une ukusakaza ababuthakathaka, kungenzeka ukuxhuma-amplifier. Ngakho, qala ukusebenza. Thina ukuhlanza ekupheleni ikhebula 20 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho lwaleli wire ka umumo sikwele diagonal 175 mm. Ukuphela egoba kwangaphandle i-engela 45 degrees nalokho amadada ekupheleni lesibili edalulwa. Ngokuqina ukuxhuma zesikrini. Ehlutshiwe core emaphakathi okwesikhashana emoyeni ngokukhululekile. Ngesikhathi ekhoneni okuphambene isikwele ukususa ngokucophelela ukwahlukanisa kanye kwesikrini endaweni 200 mm. Lokhu kuzoba phezulu antenna bethu. Manje ukuxhuma okuholela Uhlaka square lokhuni. Ezansi, lapho imikhawulo ezimbili zihlangene, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukudla zethusi eyenziwe wire obukhulu. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa oxhumana kangcono kagesi. Yilokho UHF antenna TV digital ngomumo. Uma efakwe ngaphandle, ungenza i-plastic wakhe izindlu evikela idivayisi kusukela imvula.