Umthetho inertia. Ubunzima echaza izenzakalo zansuku zonke

Ezinye izinqubo kanye izenzakalo ezihambisana kithi ngaso sonke isikhathi mayelana nemvelo kanye izimbangela zazo singazi ngisho bacabange, ukuhlolisisa ezijulile kungaba mthombo ongashi ulwazi imithetho neziqondiso elawula endalweni yonke.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ukufana okukhona phakathi into uhlezi phansi, futhi ukwenza rectilinear iyunifomu ezinyakazayo? Imithetho motion unesithakazelo ngaphezulu yongqondongqondo basendulo. "Physics" zika-Aristotle, eyaqala IV ekhulwini BC, iqukethe isiphetho ngabantu ubunjalo sazi yamaGreki asendulo, yokuphumula nokuthokomala ezinyakazayo. Cishe elandelayo lungile dlela ngomzamo ukuchaza lesi simo, futhi kwenza isiphetho ezithakazelisa kakhulu, emsebenzini "Mechanics" yakhe ezayo. Aristotle ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa elithi 'yize ngokuphelele "futhi waphetha ngokuthi yimuphi ukunyakaza kumelwe kube nomthelela unomphela ngendaba ibutho ethize. Uveza ukuthi nge ekunqanyulweni zamabutho umthelela kanye ukunyakaza sithule. Ngakho, i-sazi, kuyisinyathelo kude ukukwazi ukuchaza komthetho inertia, ngamlandela endleleni engafanele.

Kwathatha iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ukucabanga, ukuze ayingabaza iziphetho Aristotle. physics Italian sefilosofi, unjiniyela nesezinkanyezi uGalileo Galilei wathola amaphutha isayensi esisemthethweni ukunyakaza ukwelashwa ngesikhathi Nature. umthetho uGalileo sika inertia cishe ngokuphelele sifana incazelo yesimanje, kodwa kungokuphawulekayo ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka isitatimende sakhe kanye nobufakazi ukusetshenziswa ngesisekelo zokuhlola ngenxa yokuntuleka izimo ezikahle. Lokhu nikhuluma sazi Italian eyenziwa ngesisekelo kokuma siqu, ngokulandela ephambene futhi usebenzisa indlela bawabulale.

Ngakho, umthetho inertia kuyinto cishe umntwana uGalileo, nakuba isetshenziswa isayensi yanamuhla ku incazelo Cartesian. Enye inzuzo Italian omkhulu liyireferensi yokuthi ukunyakaza khulula kungenzeka hhayi kuphela emgceni locondzile, kodwa umbuthano. Cishe ngokunembile lokhu nokucabanga kungenzeka ukuchaza ngokunyakaza rotary ngu inertia. Umthetho ukulondolozwa of mzuzu inertia kuliragelo okunengqondo okutholakele kabi uGalileo.

Ngenxa yalokho, lo eyiNgisi Isaak Nyuton wadala isimiso semithetho ye Mechanics. Waphenduka ku umthetho inertia ohlelweni njengoba kuqala. Kodwa isayensi akemi namanje - kuso sonke isikhathi ohlelweni Newton ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi ukugxeka abuye etame wokubukeza postulates babeka phansi kwalo.

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili, egcwele isikhathi bokubuyekeza olukhulu kwemithetho bendabuko ukuthonywa ukutholakala Einstein ukwenze izichibiyelo ezithile cazelo of imithetho eyisisekelo Mechanics. Kodwa ngokoqobo, izibalo ubunjiniyela kanye nomklamo izinhlelo mechanical ngakho tincumo nekubeka amafomula of Mechanics yendabuko bese ukusebenzisa.

Lapho sisebenzisa practice, umthetho inertia, lapho befeza izibalo ezidingekayo ukwenza eziningi ezizathwini. Ukuze kuzuzwe khona ngokugcwele uhlelo inertial cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngokuvamile e ukubalisa kube lula ukwamukela njengoba uhlelo non-inertial, okuyinto eyenza kungenzeki ukuziyisa ukusebenzisa imithetho Newton. Uma ucabangela yimuphi iyunithi isihlobo ohlelweni inkomba, okuyiwona sithatha imoto kwayona, singasebenzisa umthetho inertia, inqobo nje imoto emile, noma ihamba nombala. Ngaphansi ukusheshisa nokuhlale unyathela amabhuleki, lokhu isimo inkomba ilahlekelwa ngokuphelele ngezici zawo inertial.

Omunye kungaba usho nezibonelo eziningi lapho kufanele ukuze uthole umphumela ngezindlela lula ukulahlekelwa izinto, nakuba efanele, kodwa akudingeki nomthelela obalulekile iziphetho sokugcina. Mechanics Modern ngempela ukuvumela kwenkululeko ezinjalo, kodwa izibalo esinembile zidinga ikhumbula ezinye zezici ngenxa ukwethulwa izici ezihlukahlukene kanye nezichibiyelo.