Dendrites - Iyini? Lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti dendridov

izicubu Nervous sakhiwa sezinzwa glia, wenza uchungechunge imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo futhi ezibalulekile: lukhipha amaza eyethile kagesi, abese ngobulili imisipha kanye nezinhlaka isilwane womuntu noma yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Amaseli lokhu izicubu kukhona isakhiwo ekhethekile. Inikeza kokubili okuvela excitation futhi okusithiyayo, kanye nokuqaliswa yabo. Ngo yezinzwa has incazelo elandelayo: dendrites - ke izindlela ezinzwa ukuthi azibonayo sidlulisela ukwaziswa emzimbeni namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Kuleli phephandaba sizokwenza ukuhlola imibono zamanje mayelana izindlela ukudluliselwa nerve amaza e izingxenye ezinkulu isimiso sezinzwa: ubuchopho nomgogodla, kanye ukufunda isakhiwo se-dendrite, njengoba omunye izingxenye neurocytes.

Ngokuba lokho sikusho sihlole kabanzi namangqamuzana ezinzwa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo, it lisisakhiwo kwezicubu sezinzwa.

Njengoba neurocyte isakhiwo elihlobene ne imisebenzi yayo

Electron izindlela zocwaningo ezincane iye yaqinisekisa kakhulu ezikhethekile futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kudivayisi uhlelo evulekile begazi ngokuthi ezinzwa cell. Ubunjwe umzimba (soma), isitho somzimba owodwa ngobude - futhi sebuningini iDemo Axon ihlumela. Ngamunye wabo ehlangene cytoplasm yomzimba cell. Lokhu dendrite. Isakhiwo nokubukeka uquqaba izinqubo iDemo okusikhumbuza umqhele esihlahleni. Ngokusho kwakhe emzimbeni namangqamuzana ezinzwa ngokusebenzisa synapse uthola nekhono bioelectric evela kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Morphology nezinhlobo

Ngokusho yesimanje ucwaningo Histology, dendrites - a branched ekupheleni neurocyte abagcini nje ngokwamukela, kodwa futhi ukuze adlulisele ukwaziswa okubhalwe ngesimo amaza kagesi, e uhlelo multi-siteshi anatomically futhi okusebenza oxhumene ezinzwa. Ziqukethe ingxenye enkulu organelles amaprotheni-Kuhlanganisa - ribosomes. Ezinye izinhlobo izinqubo esifushane, ezifana pyramidal neurocytes, imbozwe izakhiwo ezikhethekile - ameva.

Ngokusho ngezigaba ehlongozwayo ngu neurohistology Spanish S. uRamon y Cajal, dendrite ezimbili zingase zehluke umzimba ezinzwa iseli oluyi (neurocytes okuguquguqukayo). Uma eziningi dendrites, bona washintsha kusukela soma radially. Lesi sakhiwo kuyisici sobuntu interneurons. Esikhathini cerebellar Purkinje amaseli ephuma emzimbeni ngaso leso ezihlobene neurocyte ngesimo fan. dendrite ngasinye, isakhiwo kabani ngakuthathu lihlukile emagatsheni angomakhelwane inani kagesi zanqwabelana kwalo.

Ngaleso kuthinta ezinzwa amagatsha izinqubo

Isidumbu namangqamuzana ezinzwa kuyinto yokudlulisela jikelele nokwamukela ngesikhathi esifanayo into yemvelo. Umthamo (ikakhulukazi idatha engenayo) ngokuqondile ezilinganiselwe nesibalo engenayo emsipheni amaza. Bazimisele yi-degree of ekhelini le-isihlahla dendritic. Ngakho-ke, dendrites - ke izakhiwo neurocyte ukuthi ukudlala umsebenzi Integrative.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo wokwandisa indawo contact phakathi iseli emsipheni. Engeziwe efanayo synapse kumiswa ngezinye izikhathi kwandisa nekusebenta yonke iminyango njengoba asebuchosheni nomgogodla, nesimiso sezinzwa iyonke.

Isakhiwo dendrite

Ngokutadisha amalungiselelo ezincane of ezinzwa sathola ukuthi iningi izinqubo abe ukuma cylindrical. ubukhulu sawo silinganiselwa 0.9 Micron. dendrite obuphelele sehluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa stellate we grey ndaba we- cortex cerebral zimfushane (microns kungekho ezingaphezu kuka-200) amagatsha esihlahla dendritic, kuyilapho motor neuron izinqubo kufakwe uphondo phambi emgogodleni, komyalelo wokungabi 2 mm.

Special imfundo - ameva kwakheka kwi amagatsha neurocytes kuholele inqwaba synapse - slotted izihlalo uxhumane ne Axon, dendrite noma soma lomunye namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Synapse kungenziwa esisogwini isidumbu dendrite abizwa ngokuthi isiqu noma ngokuqondile ku ameva ayo. Njengoba vele sesiyazi, dendrites - ezihlobene branched neurocytes uyakwazi ukwamukela ingqondo. Transmission futhi okwenzeka kulezi biopotentials usebenzisa yamangqamuzana chemical compounds - balamuli, ezifana acetylcholine, noma Gaba. Ulwelwesi ukumboza dendrite Kutholwe iziteshi ion, ngokukhetha permeable calcium cations, i-sodium ne-potassium ehilelekile ukudlula emsipheni amaza ngokusebenzisa namangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Njengoba ulwazi iza ezinzwa

Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa amacala kagesi ezihleli ezishukumisayo futhi okusithiyayo, kanye Axon futhi dendrites abathintekayo. It IZINHLELO namangqamuzana ezinzwa, akha synapse namanye amagatsha kwesihlahla dendritic ka neurocytes. Empirically wathola ukuthi dendrites kukhona amaqhubu we cytoplasm cell, ulwelwesi camera. Kuyo ababuthakathaka amaza kagesi - senzo nekhono.

Ngenxa izinqubo iDemo eyodwa ezinzwa cell ithola futhi adlulisele pulses ayizinkulungwane eziningana elakhiwe synapse. Lokhu akuwona umsebenzi kuphela dendrites. Futhi ukucubungula futhi sihlanganise ulwazi ticale izinzwa, esinikela nemithethonqubo kanye nokuphathwa nguMkhandlu isimiso sezinzwa zonke kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba womuntu.