Umsebenzi oyinhloko ubende emzimbeni. Usayizi, ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba

Uma ucela umuntu ovamile, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, isitho ongaziwa kakhulu futhi engaqondakali, ubende - kuyinto impendulo enengqondo. Abantu abaningi abangenandaba maqondana imithi, awukwazi lamukele lokho yena sisadingeka. Ukuze ukungabaza futhi ukuthola umsebenzi lokhu, yebo, uhlaka ezibalulekile, sanquma ukuthatha uhambo emfushane phakathi nokwakheka physiology umzimba.

isakhiwo

Ubende indoda - ungumzimba ayibhangqiwe ehlanganisa kwengaphakathi, aphethwe capsule Friend zezicubu zezinzwa. Kusukela izindonga capsule ukunweba ekujuleni izintambo umzimba (trabecula) eqinisa parenchyma esithambile. Histologically ahlukaniswe izingqimba ezimbili noma esishintshashintshayo zomzimba: obomvu nomhlophe.

Umzimba omkhulu mass kwengaphakathi abomvu. Lokho kuyithinta kanjani le umsebenzi ubende emzimbeni. Futhi ukuba enembile, umsebenzi phambi isiqeshana enjalo elincane emzimbeni ukubeka okuningi kusukela ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana egazi kuze kube ukulahlwa izinhlayiya angaphandle.

Ingxenye elimhlophe uginindela uba nombala ngenxa yokuqukethwe yaso ephezulu lymphocyte. Empeleni, futhi kubangela umsebenzi oyinhloko le ngxenye parenchyma - nokugcina amasosha omzimba.

Emngceleni we obomvu futhi le ndaba emhlophe iyona abekelwe emaceleni noma onqenqemeni zone, ke unesibopho ukubala nokuqeda amagciwane angaphandle emzimbeni womuntu.

ubende e abadala afinyelela eyishumi nesithupha ngamasentimitha eside, eziyisithupha - okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi sibe izingalo ezimbili nengxenye obukhulu. It lesi sijame njengebhoksi okusaqanda isicaba.

Indawo (sendawo)

Uma sithatha ngokuthi kukhulunywa iphuzu yomgogodla, ubende kuyoba umngcele ophakathi ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye kuya ubambo nanye. Phezu kwalo kukhona diaphragm phambi - odongeni posterior isisu kanye amanyikwe, ohlangothini - ikholoni futhi bakhulise - kwesokunxele izinso kanye indlala adrenal. Peritoneum (ishidi ezondile ezicutshini), ubende ihlanganiswa ngokuphelele, kodwa esikhundleni izitsha engena futhi kokuphuma umzimba (esangweni esifundeni), uma ingxenye encane ukhululekile peritoneum.

Igazi ukunikezela innervation

ubende isakhiwo kuyobe akuphelele ngaphandle Ukhulumé izici ezifana ezibalulekile yokwakheka njengoba imithambo yegazi kanye emizweni uqinisa umzimba. I-peripheral nervous system uvezwa kulesi sigaba amagatsha emsipheni vagus (the vegetative ingxenye) - unesibopho ukusebenza imisebenzi yomzimba, kanye imicu esukela plexus splenic (nozwela ingxenye) adlulisa ubuhlungu, proprioceptive nezinye pulses.

Perfused womuntu ubende imithambo esukela aorta besisu. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlukaniswe amagatsha splenic, nalabo - ku imithambo segmental. Khona-ke kukhona eminye ekhelini ezingeni futhi trabecular ukwakheka kwemithambo emincane uginindela.

Kusukela ukubuyiselwa ubende igazi e vein portal. Ixhumeke ngqo esangweni kwesibindi.

embryogenesis

On the ngesonto lesine noma lesihlanu kokukhula kwayo ngemva kokukhulelwa, lapho umbungu kuyinto tube side futhi ehlanganisa amashidi eziningana izicubu, kukhona ubende ithebhu lwegciwane. Kodwa nge- viki nanye intrauterine ukuphila emzimbeni fetus kuthatha injalo evamile, kukhona izinqubo wayenemfuyo amaseli ngekusasa lophiko lymphoid.

Ubukhulu we ubende, kanye umsebenzi wayo ngemva kokuzalwa ziyahlukahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuphela lapho efika usakhula yena sformirovyvaetsya sokugcina.

imisebenzi

Asinakusho ukuthi ngamunye wethu wacabanga ngombuzo: "Uyini umsebenzi ubende emzimbeni?" Futhi ngisho noma umcabango onjalo, futhi zaba zimbi, ukuchaza umsebenzi izinhlaka umuntu akanayo oluqondile, kunzima kakhulu.

Okokuqala kuba umthombo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Kulapha ukuthi izigaba yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo, abavuthiwe ungene egazini. Eyesibili umsebenzi ubende emzimbeni - mzimba. It kuhlelwe omzimba kunoma ejenti alien ukuwela igazi. Okwesithathu, ingxenye engengaphansi ebalulekile emzimbeni ukubhujiswa amaseli ubudala igazi, ngokungaqondile, ukwakheka Bile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici ubende emzimbeni kuyingxenye yensimbi umzimba futhi zamagama.

Kuyaphawuleka nendima eyadlalwa umzimba inqubo ukuhanjiswa igazi. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izinhlayiya zegazi (igazi amapuleti) zigcinwa ubende kuze kube seqophelweni lapho bedinga emzimbeni. Omunye umsebenzi we ubende inkathi ukuthuthukiswa kokubeletha ingane. Lapho umnkantsha sesakhiwe cha, sibonga wakhe ngokusebenzisa izitsha umbungu ezihambayo abomvu egazi kanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

ubende umsebenzi emzimbeni usalokhu uyimfihlakalo odokotela yesimanje. Ezinye zazo kungenziwa wafunda, kodwa okuningi kuseyimpicabadala. isayensi Esemthethweni ayinikeli izimpendulo esichazayo.

yezifo ubende

Okuxakayo nje kanye imfihlakalo ukuthi umzimba wayesalokhu sengozini ezihlukahlukene izinqubo sokugembula. Njengomthetho, lawa izifo yesibili kubangelwa izinkinga ezikhona zempilo, ezifana ukuhlukumeza hematopoiesis, amasosha omzimba, isimila. I lesion eyinhloko ubende - buyinto evamile.

yisifo senhliziyo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ubende emzimbeni - igazi-ukwakha, ngakho parenchyma yayo is ebuswa lenqwaba izitsha. Ngokuqinisekile, leli qiniso ezimweni ezivamile, nethonya elihle emzimbeni, kungaba futhi imbangela yalesi sifo. Uma, nganoma yisiphi isizathu leze, ingxenye ubende wasala ngaphandle ukuze igazi eligciniwe, it is asathuthuka ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo. Ischemia endaweni encane kungabangela emizweni ungakhululekile, kodwa uma ingxenye enkulu yomzimba abathintekayo, umuntu ezwe ubuhlungu kancane. Kungase akhipha ngemuva aphansi kanye nomdlavuza ayanda njengoba umuntu ugqozi.

imilenze volvulus

Njengezinye izitho parenchymal, ubende has a umlenze ehlanganisa imithambo, emithanjeni nezinzwa laba ababili. Bahlala bebonakala ukuthi ukudla okwanele kanye ukubulawa kwabo umsebenzi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukumezeka noma okungazelelwe kwesisindo, kukhona imilenze torsion. Lesi simo, okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi ukunikezela singenzeka necrosis nezinto ezibolile izicubu ukhiqiza wobuthi ubuthi emzimbeni womuntu. Ubuhlungu lapho isimo esinjalo eqinile, ummese-like, aze ngaquleka.

ithumba

It likhawuliswe lonke ijwabu ukuvuvukala focus kwezitho parenchymal. It kuvela kusukela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane samabanga aphansi noma. Ekuqaleni kungenzeka ukuthi ukuzibonakalisa nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi inani wobuthi buthelela emzimbeni, kungaholela ekwakhiweni fever, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza. Futhi lokho lapho ubuhlungu livela. Kuyodlulela ukusuka kwesokunxele costal margin phezulu ingxenye efanayo esifubeni ehlombe. Thola indawo yenqubo sokugembula kungenzeka esebenzisa ultrasound kanye-X-ray.

igebe

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili of ubende uyadabuka: capsular futhi subcapsular. Eyokuqala bungabonakala ngokushesha kule uphawu ubuhlungu, futhi ukubukeka ejwayelekile yingqondo yomuntu, kanye ngezimo eziphathelene nokulimala. Ngokuvamile kuba ingozi, kuqubuka impi noma bokuwa besuka endaweni ephakeme. ukudabuka Subcapsular akuyona ngokushesha obonakalayo futhi kwenza ukuthi umuntu ukuchuma zamanga. Uma igebe incane, futhi opha ngaphakathi umzimba uyekile ngokushesha, ukwelashwa umuntu ayidingekile. Le ngxenye ubende sizobuyiselwange ezicutshini. Kodwa endabeni ka-isikhathi eside esindayo ukopha uketshezi bayozibuthela ngaphansi capsule, yokwelula, futhi nakanjani kuyoholela ukudabuka we ezicutshini. igazi elinegciwane singena ingaphakathi lesisu, okubangela peritonitis ukopha naphakathi-besisu. Ubuhlungu buba bukhulu okukhulu, abukhali, ohlangothini lwesobunxele esiswini, asinikeze isiphanga.

simila

Ngokuvamile abantu akhononde njalo ukubelesela zibuthuntu ubuhlungu kwesokunxele quadrant engenhla. Kungaba lasakazekela esiswini, ngokuletha ubuhlungu lapho edla. A ukuqubuka uxhumano kanye ukulunywa e projection endaweni ubende, ukugqugquzela abantu ukuya kudokotela. Simila - ukuxilongwa, ukuvumbulula, Kutsho ultrasound ukuhlola ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu.

neoplasms

ingozi

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ezingavamile for ubende. Lokhu kungaba hemangioma, lymphoma, endotelioma noma fibroma. Ubuhlungu babangela, umsebenzi umzimba ayaphazamiseka. Kodwa uma ngenxa yezizathu ezithile isimila ingozi anda ubukhulu ukuze ekuqaleni yokwelula capsule, kungase kuvele zibuthuntu ubuhlungu ophikelelayo, njengoba kule simila. Kulokhu kungcono baphendukela nezindaba ukusebenza, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba isitho ukudabuka.

ebulalayo

Zingaba eyinhloko, lapho isimila itholakala ngqo ubende, futhi secondary, nemvelo metastatic. Ngokuyinhloko athuthukile njengoba umthetho we Sarcoma. Rich kwegazi ubende okuyinto substrate kakhulu. Ubuhlungu kungenzeki iminyaka eminingi, kuze isimila ikhula, kodwa uma sifinyelela usayizi ezibucayi, ziwohloke elibukhali isimo sezempilo kufanele kuholele eyodwa ukukholelwa ngomdlavuza. Ngaphezu emizweni ungakhululekile usazoba waphawula kwesisindo, ukungabi esesuthi, isicanucanu.

splenomegaly

Lesi sengezo ngobukhulu ubende ngenxa impendulo compensatory kuya izifo letindzala ukuvuvukala noma sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, kanye ukunqotshwa hematopoiesis. Kwande abantwana zasenkulisa kanye ekuqaleni abasesikoleni. Kubantu abadala, lokhu yinto amanothi ezingavamile kakhulu. Ubuhlungu uzobe edonsa imvelo unomphela, kodwa ngemva kokukhipha imbangela konke ngeke ubuyele esimweni esivamile.

Mhlawumbe hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi namuhla, lomzimba onjani - ubende, kanjani futhi kuphi kubuhlungu. Kodwa umsebenzi wesifunda ibhuku elisetshenziswa ngokwabelana noma onguchwepheshe nakakhulu ukuthi, umlando eqoqwe kahle, abone umonakalo, kungakhathaliseki ulwazi yokuthi ogulayo uphelelwa komzimba womuntu. lokhu izifo isitho zivame bezifihle njenge- esiswini, senhliziyo, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlonza.

Isakhiwo ubende kuyivumela ukuba ngalendoda wakhonza egazi yabo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sombuso amayunithi mzimba. Kuyinto esingavamile yayo amakhono hlobo ukuthi ngeke sigqibe kungekho ezinye umzimba. indima ubende zabantu abavamile ngokuvamile phansi, kodwa uma kokuhlaziya, kungenzeka ukuba bazibuze ukuthi bungakanani incike inhlalakahle yayo. Nakekela impilo yakho! Kungcono ukuphila ukuphila futhi abazi ukuthi yini ubuhlungu kwesokunxele quadrant engenhla.

Uyini ubende? Lapho futhi kubuhlungu kanjani? Imibuzo enjalo abantu babuza ujabule, umzimba okuyisona like clockwork.