Umshini electrostatic - isimiso ukusebenza. Indlela yokwenza umshini electrostatic ngezandla zabo

umshini electrostatic usebenza njengothisha okuqhubekayo umthombo wamandla kagesi. Le divayisi livame ukusetshenziswa njengenhlangano asizayo ukubonakaliswa ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo kagesi nemiphumela. Kodwa uyini nje umklamo walo nezici?

Ezinye okusungulile umlando

umshini electrostatic ithuthukiswe akude ngonyaka namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu Agasti Toepler oyisazi-German. Kwenzeka inqaba, ngempela ngaphandle ezinye usosayensi ocwaningayo Vilgelm Golts wasungula umklamo ofanayo, kodwa ngisho nangokwengeziwe ephelele, njengoba kuvunyelwe umshini ukuthola amanani eliphezulu umehluko zivele futhi wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona umthombo njalo zamanje. Ngaphandle goltsevskaya imoto kwaba lula kakhulu design. Ekupheleni kwe-experimentalist yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye IsiZulu emkhakheni kagesi kanye Mechanics Dzheyms Vimshurst iyunithi ngcono. Futhi kuze kube namuhla ke liyinketho yakhe (siqala kancane zanamuhla) zisetshenziswe ukuze zibonise ucwaningo electrodynamic, ngenxa ikhono ukudala umehluko omkhulu engaba phakathi abaqoqi. umshini electrostatic ithuthukisiwe usuvele forties ka amabili isazi seBhayibheli sekhulu Joffe esitatimendeni igama, eye yathuthuka uhlobo olusha ugesi electrostatic ngomshini amandla ze-X ray. Nakuba umshini Vimshursta alisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ngqo of kagesi inkinga amandla, it is a mshini zomlando, lapho sibonisa umlando ukuthuthukiswa ubunjiniyela kanye inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe.

umshini Ithonya design

Le divayisi siqukethe akwazi ukugcina ezimbili ukujikeleza oluyi. umshini ithonya Work ngokunembile ukuqaliswa kwe-spin kabili siyawina. I disk ahlelwe angawodwa izingxenye conductive komunye nomunye. Nge zezinhlangothi zombili disk capacitors akhiwa. Yingakho umshini electrostatic ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi capacitor. I disk ahlelwe converters, okuyinto ukususa amacala kusuka okuphambene disc izakhi emhlabathini nge emabhulashini. Abaqoqi kukhona kuya kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla. Ukuthi beze Combs othathwe amasignali disc elakhiwe ezingemuva futhi front.

Uyini amabhange Leiden?

Ezimweni eziningi, amacala zanqwabelana phezu capacitors. Zibizwa ngokuthi amabhange Leiden. Khona-ke mhlawumbe ukudlala esithweni Sinemandla futsi Sparks. I electrode sangaphakathi capacitor ngamunye exhunywe kwi babashayeli ngokwehlukile. Emabhulashini, okuyinto zimayelana wemboni disk, ngokuhlanganiswa ulwelwesi engaphakathi amathini Leiden. Isimiso sonke namuhla ogibele zezitsha plastic. Bekanye amabhange leydenovskimi umshini fixed kumila esihlahleni. Banikezwe ukubonakala design, umshini electrostatic ngezandla zabo kungenziwa kalula. Ngisho nomuntu ongenzi ayinayo imfundo ekhethekile lobuchwepheshe, kungaba ukuqoqa nokusebenzisa ukuzijabulisa.

It ngokusekelwe kulokho ithonya umsebenzi umshini?

Ukusebenzisa imizamo bobabili we akwazi ukugcina ezimbili - lesi simiso ukhiye kule divayisi. Umthelela okuvela kuyo umehluko ezingaba, bese esithweni futhi enenza safinyelela isikhundla wemboni lesifanele. Yiqiniso, zikhona ukuthuthukiswa, ukusetshenziswa kanye akwazi ukugcina ihlanzekile, kodwa enjalo kahle aziyeki phandle. imiklamo enjalo avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa izikhungo ezincane zemfundo. Ibanga phakathi akwazi ukugcina idivayisi ezifana umshini electrostatic, linendima ebalulekile futhi nomthelela ekuzuzeni voltage edingekayo yonkana capacitors.

Uyini Umgomo we operation umshini?

umshini electrostatic kusukela eyasungulwa (futhi lokhu ekuqaleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili) liye lasinda izinguquko eziningi. Kodwa leli qiniso eliyisisekelo wahlala. Isisekelo ukuklanywa mshini idiski amapuleti ethe njo (yensimbi). Ngebutho ezithile mechanical nge drive ibhande, bangakwazi rotated bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene okuphambene komunye nomunye. Ngesinye ipuleti kudiski kukhona icala omuhle. Ngeke ukuheha ukuze ngokwayo elinye icala (negative). Positive egcina umqhubi kahle ngamabhulashi (Converter), okuyinto ekhathaza electrode okuphambene. Vula iphedi ukuze uthole amashaji efana original. Kodwa ngeke kuthinte nezinye electrode. Njengoba sazi ukuthi amasondo ukujikeleza oluyi, amacala bathuthelekela omabhalane. kungaphefumuli ezinjalo ukuboniswa njengoba umshini electrostatic, kuba isimiso wokusebenza kusekelwe leli phuzu. Ngezinye kokubili emabhulashini disc, ezingalotshwanga ezihlobene ezindaweni zawo futhi zitholakala endaweni emaphethelweni, amacala ngesikhathi esithile ngibe omkhulu ukuze wezasemoyeni ukuwohloka kwenzeka, futhi inhlansi kagesi ukweqa. Yingakho abathelisi kungenziwa exhunywe kwi-capacitors ezingeziwe amakhono ehlukene ukuthi uzokunika enkulu ubuhle umphumela nesenzakalo sokukhishwa.