Amaqembu e-Ecological zezitshalo: izibonelo

Zonke izitshalo zahlukahlukene, bona etshalwa cishe wonke iplanethi futhi zonke izimo. Futhi kuye ngokuthi lokho izimo ezisilungele kakhulu ezithile, bahlanganiswa kumaqembu emvelweni izitshalo.

Kuyini lokhu?

amaqembu e-Ecological zezitshalo - iqoqo izinhlobo abonise izidingo ezifanayo ukubaluleka ezinye isici, ezifana umswakama, umfutho ukukhanya, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo qembu elithile ifa izici ezithile ezivamile wazithatha ngokuhamba kwemvelo enqubeni yokufunda ukuphila nesimo esithile umzimba ngemibandela ethile kwemvelo. Ngakho, izitshalo amaqembu ahlukahlukene kwemvelo ungakwazi ngokuyinhloko ihluke nomunye.

Imingcele ezikhona phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene kunalokho ezivamile.

Yiziphi amaqembu ezemvelo izitshalo khona

Zonke izitshalo zihlukaniswe amaqembu anjalo, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, kuye ngezidingo wesici ethile.

Ngakho, esigabeni sika-izitshalo ukuze amaqembu ezemvelo asekelwe izidingo zabo:

• ukukhanya;
• umswakama;
• lokushisa ezithile;
• Inhlabathi trophic;
• asidi emhlabathini;
• inhlabathi salinization.

Isimiso esifanayo kungenziwa labizwa hhayi kuphela izitshalo zasendle, kodwa futhi ukugqamisa kwemvelo amaqembu houseplants. kuyinto Isimiso nse. Ngaphandle kokwazi lapho iqembu fanele lokhu noma lokhuya imbali, unganikela kuye, uma unakekelwa kahle.

amaqembu ezemvelo eziyinhloko zezitshalo, kuye funa umswakama

On the yizici zemvelo amaqembu amathathu izitshalo ungabahlukanisa:

• hydrophytes;
• mesophytes;
• xerophytes.

Hydrophytes - izitshalo ezimila emanzini. Ezimweni eziningi, zikhula ngamanzi agobhozayo, kodwa kungenzeka ngisho usawoti.

Ukuze leli qembu emvelweni kuhlanganisa izitshalo ezifana umhlanga, irayisi, umhlanga, sedge, ikhanda lomcibisholo, njll

Ngo iqeqebana ehlukile ye izitshalo emanzini bungabonakala gilatofity. Lokhu flora, okuyinto ebuthaka neziqu, ngakho-ke abakwazi kumile imvelo amanzi. Ingxenye esemqoka zalesi sitshalo (amahlamvu nezimbali) itholakala phezu kwesigubhu futhi enakekelwa amanzi. Ngu gilatofitam zihlanganisa iminduze amanzi, lotuses, vodokras njll

Mesophytes - izitshalo ukuthi uthanda nomswakama eliphezulu. Lezi zihlanganisa cishe izitshalo zonke owaziwa, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingasebenzisi zivame kakhulu ezitshalwe namasimu ezithelo.

Xerophytes - abayikho abameleli flora, okuyinto ingashintshwa ukuze abahlala ezindaweni ezinesomiso. Lezi zihlanganisa kakolweni utshani, lolwandle utshani kanye Cacti, kuhlanganise Igumbi.

Kuye izidingo ekukhanyeni

Ngokwalesi simiso ingahlukaniswa izitshalo ngamaqembu amathathu:

• heliophyte;
• stsiogeliofity;
• stsiofity.

Okokuqala - lena izitshalo ezidinga ukukhanyisa elikhanyayo.

Stsiogeliofity akwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi, kodwa zikhule kahle futhi ilanga okugcwele. Phakathi houseplants yalolu hlobo bungabonakala Monstera. Phakathi endle - willow, birch, e-aspen. izitshalo Nqampuna kuleli qembu itheniphu, isithombo, parsley, Mint, namafutha, ukhukhamba, Ugalonci, asparagus, ulethisi, rhubarb, Sorrel.

Stsiofity - lokhu izitshalo umthunzi-onothando. Ngeke ukhule kahle ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa wonke ulwelwe kanye wona, ulele, wona club, Izinhlobo.

amaqembu ezemvelo, kuye ngokuthi lokushisa oyifunayo

Kunamaqembu ezine izitshalo ababonakali ngezikhundla:

• gekistotermofity;
• mikrotermofity;
• mezotermofity;
• megatermofity.

Okokuqala - lena izitshalo eziqinile kakhulu. Bona etshalwa engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-iplanethi.

Mikrotermofity - abayikho abameleli flora ukuthi ziyakwazi withstanding abandayo eside, kodwa akukho yesithwathwa ezinzima.

Mezotermofity efana ukushisa kanye megatermofity ongamelana ukushisa okukhulu.

Kuye uhlobo inhlabathi

Lapha iqembu emvelweni izitshalo zihlukaniswa izici ezintathu ezahlukene.

Okokuqala - trophicity inhlabathi. Lokhu ukugcwaliswa inhlabathi umsoco, kanye macro- futhi microelements. Kuleli isici, izitshalo zihlukaniswe oligotrophs mesotrophe, eutrofy. Sikwazi ukukhula Oligotrophs on nenhlabathi abampofu, mesotrophe uthanda ngokulinganisela evundile, kahle eutrofy sikhule kuphela black umhlaba nezinye izinhlobo nenhlabathi nenzalo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Kuye usawoti enhlabathini lapho zikhula, izitshalo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: halophytes futhi glycophytes. Eyokuqala bayakwazi ukubekezelela usawoti enhlabathini, kanti eyesibili - akukho.

Futhi ekugcineni, kuye pH ezingeni kwenhlabathi izitshalo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu emvelweni: neytrofity, atsidofity futhi bazofity. Inhlabathi yokuqala encomekayo nge pH kokungathathi hlangothi (eduze 7). Atsidofity ukhule on nenhlabathi ne-asidi eningi. A bazofity uthanda inhlabathi ane-alikhali.

Ngakho sabuka wonke amaqembu emvelweni izitshalo, izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo ukuthi elawo.