Imithombo yamandla kagesi: incazelo, izinhlobo kanye nezici

Imithombo ye energy kagesi endaweni ngayinye zihlukaniswa indlela okwenza ngayo ukulungiselela. Ngakho, ngo-emathafeni ifanelekile ukusebenzisa amandla omoya noma ukuguqula ukushisa emva uphethiloli amandla omlilo igesi. Ngo ezintabeni, lapho kukhona umfula, amadamu namanzi ushayela abaphehla ugesi giant. amandla Electromotive ekhiqizwa cishe yonke indawo ngenxa nezinye amandla zemvelo.

Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe abathengi amandla

Imithombo yamandla kagesi etholwe emva voltage ukuguqulela umoya amandla, ukunyakaza kinetic, amanzi ukugeleza, umphumela imeyli engahlonziwe, ukushisa ekuvutheni igesi, uwoyela noma amalahle. izitshalo amandla okusakazekile, iziteshi amandla kagesi. Elokhu enciphisa inani enuzi izitshalo amandla njengoba akuphephile ngokuphelele kubantu abaphila eseduze.

Ingasetshenziselwa ukusabela zamakhemikhali, lezi zenzakalo sigcine ku amabhethri wezimoto zasendlini. Amabhethri amafoni bahlinza isimiso esifanayo. Vetroviki elisetshenziswa izindawo emoyeni njalo lapho kagesi ugesi aqukethe design ezivamile amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu generator.

Ukuze amandla wonke umuzi ngezinye izikhathi igama elilodwa esiteshini akwanele, futhi kagesi ugesi ehlangana. Ngakho, ngo-phezulu ophahleni lwezindlu emazweni afudumele efakwe ama-solar panel ukuthi ukondla amakamelo ngabanye. Kancane kancane, imvelo imithombo friendly uzosusa esiteshini, ungcolisa emkhathini.

Ngo izimoto

ezokuthutha Battery - akulona komthombo wamandla kagesi. imoto wesifunda yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi uma kususwa inqubo zokuguqula energy kinetic ku kagesi iqala. Lokhu kungenxa generator, lapho ukujikeleza ikhoyili phakathi kazibuthe kudala ukubonakala yamandla electromotive (EMF).

Inethiwekhi iqala ukuba kugeleze wamanje ukushaja ibhethri, isikhathi operation zazo kuncike capacitance bayo. Ukushaja iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala injini. Okungukuthi, amandla kuveza evutha nophethiloli. Intuthuko yamuva nje baye bavumela imoto ukusebenzisa umthombo EMF wamandla kagesi i-traffic.

Enamandla kagesi chemical amabhethri ukukhiqiza zamanje ngesimiso somshini esivalekile futhi sikhonze njengoFakazi umthombo wamandla. Lapha kukhona inqubo reverse: i-EMF ekhiqizwa kuleli ohlobo kohlelo drive elenza spin isondo. Imisinga wesifunda yesibili omkhulu isisindo ezilinganiselwe isivinini ukushesha futhi imoto.

Umgomo we operation kwekhoyili nge uzibuthe

egeleza yamanje ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili kubangela ecucuza kazibuthe kushintshana. Yena, has ku odonsa buoyancy, okwenza ifreyimu polarities ezimbili ezihlukene ukuphotha odonsa. Ngakho, kagesi ugesi kukhona Ihabhu ukuhamba izimoto.

Inqubo ngemuva, uma ifreyimu uzibuthe uzungeza ngaphakathi Windings ngenxa energy kinetic Ungakwazi ukuguqula kushintshana ecucuza kazibuthe ku EMF ikhoyili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbonisi ukukhwezwa voltage nabalawuli loniketa edingekayo supply izinkomba. Ngokwalesi simiso, ke ugesi e nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi, izitshalo amandla ezishisayo.

EMF yesifunda livela ezivamile somshini esivalekile. It ikhona nje umqhubi isicelo umehluko ezingaba khona. amandla Electromotive kuyadingeka ukuchaza izici umthombo amandla. Inchazelo esingokwenyama: EMF ngesimiso somshini esivalekile kuyinto wakhona umsebenzi amabutho angaphandle, ngo ukuhamba okukodwa omuhle ngokusebenzisa kuyo yonke indikimba umqhubi.

Formula: E = mina R - Ukumelana kubhekwa ephelele, alo we ukumelana sangaphakathi umthombo wamandla kanye ukumelana kwengezwa ingxenye zinikwa kwe-circuit.

Imikhawulo ukufakwa ezincane

Noma yimuphi umqhubi ngalo notshwala zamanje edonsa inkambu kagesi. Umthombo Amandla kuyinto Transmitter amagagasi kagesi. Emhlabeni emikhulu ukufaka, ezincane noma eduze generator amasethi sinomthelela empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ukuze kukhawulwe amasayithi ukwakhiwa eduze izakhiwo zokuhlala Benziwe.

Ngezinye ibanga eqondiswa izinto zikagesi, okungafanele eziphilayo iphephile efakwe ezingeni zomthetho. Futhi wenqabela ngokomthetho ukwakhiwa ephezulu amandla substation eduze izindlu futhi indlela yabantu. ukufakwa Inamandla kumele kuqashelwe futhi elibiyelwe emnyango.

High-voltage imigqa zixhunywe phezulu ngaphezu izakhiwo kanye kwenza ngale zokuhlala. Ukuqeda ithonya amagagasi kagesi endaweni yokuhlala emithonjeni yamandla ivaliwe earthed metal zesikrini. Endabeni elula, anezikhala wire.

amayunithi angakahleleki

Ngamunye mthombo wamandla nowesifunda ochazwa ubukhulu amagugu ambalwa. Lokhu lula umsebenzi ukwakha ekubalweni umthwalo ngaphansi ukudla othize. Amayunithi oxhumene by kwemithetho yemvelo.

Ukuze abakuzuzile segezi amayunithi ezilandelayo ezifakiwe:

• Ukumelana: R - Ohms.
• EMF: E - V
• Reactance futhi impedance: X Z - ohms.
• Yamanje: Mina - Amps.
• Voltage: U - V
• Amandla: P - Watts.

Ukwakhiwa ngokulandelana futhi parallel amandla izifunda

Isifunda ukubala eyinkimbinkimbi uma kwakwakhe esetshenziswa kagesi imithombo yamandla ngezinhlobo eziningi. Kucatshangelwe ukumelana yangaphakathi negatsha ngalinye futhi isiqondiso zamanje ngokusebenzisa babashayeli. Ukuze nesilinganiso umthombo EMF ngalunye ngokuhlukile edingekayo futhi ngokushesha ukuvula wesifunda ngaleso terminals ibhethri ukukala bezikhali kudivayisi okuphakelayo - a voltmeter.

kudivayisi somshini esivalekile sizobonisa yokwehla kwamandla, okuyinto inenani ezincane. ngokuvamile zidinga emithonjeni eminingi ukuthola amandla adingekayo. Kuye isicelo angasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi uxhumano:

• Ngokuvumelana. EMF umthombo izifunda ngasinye sakhiwa. Ngakho, uma usebenzisa ezimbili ngokulinganisa 2 volt amabhethri etholwe ngokuxhuma 4 V
• Parallel. Lolu hlobo lwe-umthombo isetshenziswa ukwandisa umthamo, ngokulandelana, kukhona isikhathi eside ezisebenza kusukela amabhethri. EMF wesifunda lapho uxhumano ezifana akashintshi njengoba alinganayo amagugu okuzisholo amabhethri. Kubalulekile ukugcina polarity of the ukuxhumana.
• uxhumano Kuhlanganiswe kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, kodwa umkhuba lapho. Ukubalwa EMF nomphumela ekhiqizwa endaweni ngayinye avaliwe. It uyakucabangela polarity of the wamanje kanye isiqondiso amagatsha.

Ohms amapayipi

I ukumelana sangaphakathi lo kagesi amandla yomthombo kunakwe ukucacisa EMF okuholela. Ngokuvamile, amandla electromotive ebalwe ifomula E = mina R + umphefumulo wami r. Lapho R - Ukumelana abathengi kanye r - Ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Ukuwa kwe-voltage efanayo ibalwa ngu kwesibalo elandelayo: U = E - Ir.

Lamanje ogeleza wesifunda ibalwa ngokomthetho wesifunda Ohm ngokugcwele: Mina = E / (R + r). Ukumelana kwangaphakathi uyakwazi ukuthonya amandla kwe-current. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, umthombo akhethiwe kulowo mthwalo ngokuhlehlisa kokubusa elandelayo: yangaphakathi umthombo ukumelana kufanele kube mancane kakhulu kunalawo ukumelana Imininingwane jikelele abathengi. Khona-ke acabangele ukubaluleka kwalo akukho ngempela ngenxa wekhasi elincane iphutha.

Indlela ukukala Ohms amapayipi?

Kusukela imithombo kanye abamukelayo wamandla kagesi kuyovunyelwana ke umbuto bese uyavuka: indlela yokukala ukumelana sangaphakathi umthombo? Ngemva kokuthi i-imitha Ohm ayixhunyiwe oxhumana ne nekhono atholakale kubo. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga usebenzisa engaqondile indlela readout - namagugu adingekayo ukuze eziguquguqukayo ezengeziwe: wamanje kanye voltage. Ukubalwa yenziwa ngokuvumelana r ifomula = U / mina, lapho U - yokwehla kwamandla yonkana ukumelana kwangaphakathi, futhi mina - samanje wesifunda ngaphansi komthwalo.

I iconsi voltage kukalwa ngokuqondile umthombo wamandla ezikhumulweni. Esikhathini wesifunda eyaziwa ixhunywe a R. Resistor Ngaphambi izilinganiso okuzisholo kufanele irekhodwe ngalokuhlelekile umthombo voltmeter ka EMF besifunda evulekile - E. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo ixhunyiwe futhi fixed ukufundwa - U bafudumale. futhi I. zamanje

Edingekayo voltage iconsi yonkana ukumelana yangaphakathi U = E - U ukushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, wayefisa ukubala ukubaluleka r = (E - U umthwalo.) / I.