Aircraft Su-25: Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe, Ubukhulu, incazelo. Umlando sokudalwa

The aviation amaSoviet nasemakamu Russian has a lot of edume izindiza, igama alokhu ukuba wonke umuntu aziwa ngama-degree, nentshisekelo nezempi obuhlukahlukene. Ukuze labo ukukhathazeka "Rook" - Su-25 kuhlasela izindiza. Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe walo mshini muhle ukuthi akukhona kuphela kuze kube yilolu suku is kabanzi ezimpini emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi njalo ithuthukiswa.

Uhlolojikelele

Njengoba sekushiwo, lokhu kuhlasela. Flight isivinini - Subsonic; It liyincwadi enhle. Umshini yakhelwe amboze amabutho ahlaselayo noma isenzo esizimele njengengxenye zezindiza amayunithi, kungashaya phezu accumulations wezisebenzi futhi isitha izimoto armored, flying nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi cishe zonke izimo zezulu. Yini namanje kuholele SU-25 incazelo? I izici ukusebenza indiza enemisebenzi bakwazi ukunikela lonke ncwadi ngakho! Nokho, zama ukwenza sihloko sifushane kakhulu.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba kwenziwe ekupheleni-February 1975. Umshini isetshenziswa kabanzi kusukela ngo-1981, izindiza babehileleke zonke izingxabano ezinodlame ensimini ka ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, hhayi kuphela. Isiqephu yokugcina isicelo - empini ngo-2008-Ossetia ngonyaka. Namuhla siyazi ukuthi lolu chungechunge zokuhlasela izindiza kuyoba enkonzweni yempi yethu okungenani kuze 2020, kodwa - kuncike ukutholakala zokuguqulwa yesimanje kanye oda isimo njengoba liqhubeka kokukhululwa - igama is ngokucacile sigudluke unomphela. Okwamanje, i-Russia has mayelana 200 Su-25. izici Technical wemishini omi isexwayiso zisekelwa ngcono befuna ukwazi njalo namaqiniso okuphila kwanamuhla.

Isizinda

Emhlabeni phakathi 60s okuyizidingo eziseqhulwini lempi eSoviet Union ne-United States iye yashintshwa ngokujulile. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba sobala ukuthi kuze kube manje ayenethemba umqondo yokuwela isitha esebenzisa izikhali zenuzi - lokuzibulala ongenangqondo embulungeni yonke. Zonke wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi kufanele sigxile ukusetshenziswa ngezikhali ezivamile. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali lempi futhi yakulalelisisa ukuthuthukiswa zezindiza wezindlela njengoba amandla main ababetelekile ngo zonke izingxabano eminyakeni yamuva.

Ngaleyo minyaka, baseSoviet Union ahlomile: I-MIG-19, u-MIG-21, iSonto-7b, kanye Yak-28. Lezi imishini ayemahle kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza ngqo phezu yempi ngempela hhayi okuhle. Kwakungumsebenzi eliphezulu kakhulu ijubane indiza, kodwa ngoba engasakwazi ukuhamba futhi hit amatshe amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphambano sabo izimfanelo lokushaya yokuba ukungabakhathaleli nhlobo ukubhuka: I-phansi kuhlasela phansi okuhloswe lezi izindiza ngabe ingozi ofayo iyiphi isibhamu. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke ukuthi izimfanelo okwesikhathi SU-25 babekwa. Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe umshini omusha kufanele kube nokuthile okuzothatha ukuphindaphinda lawo mazwi ukuze IL-2 edume: zempi, ubungqabavu, ezincane isivinini ezindizayo futhi ukwakhiwa kwezikhali.

lwati lolufinyetiwe ukuthuthukiswa

Ngakho, amabutho adingeka ngokuphuthumayo indiza ezikhethekile. ngokushesha Sukhoi enikeziwe iphrojekthi T-8, olwasungulwa onjiniyela ekuthandeni lalo. Ngaphandle kwakhe, ngo-1969 lo mncintiswano yahanjelwa le Il-102, kodwa esikhathini esizayo, "Grach, wambonisa 'umusa ayehlukile kuzo yakhe encane usayizi, izivikelo maneuverability. Yingakho "ekhishini" ukuthuthukiswa ukukhanya green wanikezwa, futhi ukuhlaselwa entsha ngodumo isidlulile zonke izivivinyo. Lokhu kubangelwe yokuthi abaklami baye lisetjentiswe ekwakheni isimiso esiphezulu survivability lokulwa imoto ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo.

Ikakhulukazi eziningi ukunakwa sakhokhwa ikhono simelane nemiphumela yokuzihlanganisa MANPADS ukuhlaselwa izindiza, ngaleso sikhathi yaqala ukubonakala ngobuningi emabuthweni ahlomile sesitha ezingaba khona. Lokho US "Stingers" baba ikhanda wangempela indiza yethu e-Afghanistan, ngakhoke zonke izinyathelo ezithathwe kwakungafanele eziphindaphindekayo.

"Tank" okukhethwa kukho

Ngandlela-thile ngendlela ehlukile wadala Su-25T. Umlando, izici nezingalo zaso kuxhumene ngqo ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-zimoto armored kwesikhathi. NATO wenze ukubheja lokugcina amathangi esindayo futhi ngokuphelele ivikelwe, ngakho kudingeka ube "zenyathi" kuhlasela izindiza ekhethekile, okungase kuholele okunye ukuhlasela le ngesivinini esiphansi, ukuhlinzeka kangcono target ekubhujisweni.

Wamukele le ukuguqulwa wamukelwa ngonyaka 1993. Ngokungafani standard "Rook" lincane, kodwa. Inani ubunye ne "umzali" izindiza - 85%. Umehluko omkhulu kuyinto ephelele sextant imishini futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi anti-tank micibisholo "Okusheshayo". Ngeshwa, wokugoqa we-Union of izimoto 12 eyakhelwe, 8 kuphela eRussia. ukukhiqizwa ephakeme kanye sesimanje lezi izindiza zenziwe. Ngokudabukisayo, ama-Su-25T, izici ukusebenza evumela ngokuqiniseka hit wonke amathangi Western, ayisekho fly wembatha yokupaka okuphakade isikhungo Lipetsk.

Izici Main:

Ukuklama ukuqhutshwa ngeBhayibheli ezimisiwe evamile ukucushwa sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza enamaphiko esiphakeme izithelo. Ngokungafani bomlilo, ngenxa ukuhlasela lesi sinqumo uthola ngezinga esiphezulu maneuverability ngesivinini Subsonic.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside izazi belwa elilungile ukucushwa sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza umshini, kodwa imizamo engakaze Ngishoné ngeze kunetinhlobo temazinga okusezingeni eliphezulu of lift kuzo zonke izinhlobo ukulwa ikhuluma, kakhulu indiza ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya, maneuverability kakhulu lapho eza ukuhlasela phansi amatshe. Ngenxa ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya ekhethekile SU-25, izici lobuchwepheshe zazo kuxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni, yikhono uya kuhlaselwa engeli ezibucayi, ngenkathi sigcina okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuphepha kwendiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza ukucwila emanzini ngokuphelele ngesivinini esingafinyelela ku-700 km / h, kuyilapho ziba usizo enyakazayo lamadigri 30.

Konke lokhu, kanye nohlu omuhle kakhulu ukubhuka, hhayi kanye avunyelwe abashayeli ukubuyela basekela ku injini kuphela eyodwa, lo fuselage, ngokusebenzisa ukuqhuma lababuleweyo ezilimele kabi lwamarokhethi kanye izinhlamvu MANPADS umshini esindayo izibhamu.

ukuphepha imoto

Zonke indiza ukusebenza Su-25 kungadla kancane, uma hhayi degree of ukuvikelwa umshini. Lizinga le okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukusuka isisindo "Rook" ingaphezu 7% yakhiwa izakhi ukubhuka nezinye izinhlelo zokuzivikela. Isisindo lolu hlobo kuba ton ngaphezulu! Zonke indiza izinhlelo ezibalulekile kungukuthi kuphela evikelwe kakhulu, kodwa futhi kabili. Kodwa yagxila Onjiniyela Sukhoi zikhokhelwe Ukuvikelwa kohlelo fuel futhi abanikeze asebenza nabo.

capsule wakhe wonkhe yazalwa ABVT-20 titanium ingxubevange. I ukushuba we zempi (ezindaweni ezahlukene) kusukela mm 10 kuya 24. Ngisho elicwebezelayo windscreen kuyinto Monolithic block tsk-137 ngo-65 mm obukhulu, esihlinzeka ukuvikelwa umshayeli kusukela amachashazi, kuhlanganise osezingeni enkulu kakhulu. Ubukhulu bronespinki umshayeli - 10 mm. Inhloko ukuvikela ipuleti 6mm. Akukubi, akunjalo? Kodwa akugcini lapho.

Kuzo zonke izindawo umshayeli uvikelekile kokudubula a osezingeni sibhamu 12.7 mm obanzi, futhi phambi kwelivi ukuvimbela isifo kusuka isikhali barreled, ubukhulu okuyinto-30 mm kukonke. Ngamafuphi, Su-25, izici lobuchwepheshe zazo zingaphezu udumo, uyakwazi ukumelana azigcinanga ngokulethela yena yedwa kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuphila umshayeli, okuyinto nguye ophethe.

Mayelana amathuba ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi

Esimeni esiphuthumayo, umshayeli wensindiso izimpendulo Catapult esihlalweni K-36L. Ingasetshenziselwa zonke izindlela indiza, ngaso sonke ngesivinini nemibandela Meteorological. Ngaphambi ejection kombhede is kabusha ukusetshenziswa squibs. Ejection esihlalweni Kwenziwa ngesandla umshayeli kudingeka kanyekanye ukudonsa izibambo ezimbili.

ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ukuhlaselwa izindiza

Yiqiniso, i-Su-25 'Grach' izici Tactical futhi technical zazo kuxoxwa ngazo emakhasini lesi sihloko, ngeke nje amane abe kahle ahlomile. Inama izindiza izibhamu, ku umthwalo zangaphandle kungenziwa hung waqondisa amabhomu unguided, Nursi, kanye ezicitshwayo wayeqondiswa "umoya-to-air." Zonke Abaklami kuhlanganisiwe okuba kube khona esingaphansi 32 izinhlobo izikhali ezahlukene. The main abasebenzi - inganono 30-mm GS-30-2.

Qaphela ukuthi yonke le ncazelo Su-25K 8th ukukhiqizwa chungechunge, okuyinto manje umi ngo inkonzo Russian Federation Air Force. Kunezinye ukulungiswa (njengoba Su-25T), kodwa le mishini mincane kangako ukuthi iyiphi indima ethile badlala. Kodwa ake sibuyele ekuvezweni izici "Rook".

Okunye izikhali - nezinamathiselo, is elibekwe kuncike izici imisebenzi ngesikhathi mpi kuyodingeka ngenela umshayeli zokuhlasela izindiza. Ngaphansi kwephiko ngalinye has ukumiswa amaphuzu amahlanu yezinhlobo ezahlukene izikhali. ezicitshwayo Eqondiswa ogibele iziqhumane APU-60 isibonelo kwabanye amabhomu, rocket, futhi Nursi kukhona pylons uthayiphe CDD-25. Ubuningi isisindo phansi lisho ezingasetshenziswa athwale ukuhlaselwa, kuba 4400 kg.

izici komsebenzi

Ukuze sikusize ngicabange ukuthi uyakwazi Su-25, izici lobuchwepheshe of the last yi best uhlu:

• namaphiko Okugcwele - 14,36 m.
• Ubude Aircraft obuphelele - 15,36 m.
• Ezezindlu ukuphakama - 4,80 m.
• Inani iphiko endaweni - 33,70 m.
• isisindo Empty - 9500 kg.
• Izinga Take-off isisindo - 14600 kg.
• Ubuningi Take-off isisindo - 17600 kg.
• Engine Uhlobo - 2hTRD P-195 (ku ibhanoyi lokuqala - R95SH).
• ngesivinini esiphezulu olwandle - 975 km / h.
• uhla omkhulu (nge iconsi amathangi) - 1850 km.
• I engaba iphezulu ukuphakama - 1250 km.
• Umkhawulo we indiza ngaphezu komhlabathi, ezimweni ukulwa - 750 km.
• Flight ophahleni - 10 km.
• ukuphakama Ngempumelelo ukulwa umsebenzi (ubuningi.) - 5 km.
• sindisa Maximum empini mode - 6.5 G.
• Amatilosi - wendiza.

Uyazi lapho indiza Su-25, isikhathi-proven izici lokuqala lobuchwepheshe zazo esisanda kuxoxa ngazo?

Afghanistan

Ngo-March 1980, imishini party, naphezu imibhikisho oshisayo onjiniyela abanayo isikhathi uwalethe oyifunayo "isimo", wathunyelwa e-Afghanistan. Abashayeli azange abe nakho efanele impi izintaba, airfield ngokwayo wawusegunjini kahle ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngenxa emasontweni okuqala iqembu indiza njalo ngcono amaqhinga kanye wasembulela "izifo ebuntwaneni" izindiza, okuyinto lubonakala ikakhulu izimo ezinzima entabeni.

Ngu isonto lesibili, inqubo entsha iye yaba nesandla sifundazwe Farakh. Futhi ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi eSoviet Union kwaba kakhulu ukuhlaselwa izindiza. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi onjiniyela akunconywa ekuqaleni sindisa "Ehlasela" izinhlamvu nesisindo esingamathani ezine, kwaphakama isidingo ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokungafani Su-17, okungase kuthathe esiphezulu 1.5 amathani amabhomu, ukuhlasela entsha ephakanyiswe bhakabhaka eziyisishiyagalombili amagobolondo pyatisotkilogrammovyh esindayo evumela bunkers wake uphawu nasezintabeni nasemihumeni, okuyinto wafihla mujahideen. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, amasosha wabusekela ngentshiseko ukwemukelwa okusheshayo umshini ukuba enze inkonzo ethile.

Ukulwisana MANPADS

Ngemizamo amaMelika kanye Afghan Chinese ngokushesha uvele MANPADS yesimanje. Ukuze ulwe nabo izakhiwo okwesikhashana esetshenziswa Aco-2, lapho ikhasethi ngamunye 32 khona-IR isicupho. Njalo indiza ikwazi ukuhlala phansi hang eziyisishiyagalombili izakhiwo ezinjalo. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo umshayeli nge ingozi okuncane ziphathise ayisishiyagalolunye shturmovok at sortie ngamunye.