Umhleli vi: umyalo, imfundo, ukubeka

Isizukulwane esisha amakhompyutha njengoba eyakhiwe uhlelo base yokusebenza nge isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza. Namuhla, ngisho zonke khumbula ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 edlule, bonke abaphathi kwenziwe usebenzisa imiyalo ekhethekile umbhalo, kanye nomsebenzi ngekhompyutha sasifana zokuxhumana eyodwa eya endaweni ingxoxo. Futhi naphezu izinguquko ezinkulu emhlabeni electronic, babebaningi zisingethwe kuphela yisho yomugqa abalandeli, kanye nemikhiqizo usebenzisa imiyalo umbhalo. Ngokwesibonelo, umhleli vi, okuyinto kubhekwa lamathuluzi elula kakhulu futhi nezimo alinawo namuhla. Esikhathini esilandelayo okuseduzane ku izinto esimele vi. Imiyalo umhleli, nemiyalo eyisisekelo namakhono - konke lokhu ngemva kwesikhathi.

Kuyini vi?

Enkabeni yalo, vi Kayisilutho ngaphandle umbhalo umhleli zakudala, zazo babebaningi ngesikhathi kusuka ekuqaleni 70 kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-90 sika. Lokhu yl ikakhulukazi ithuthukiswe 1976. Umqondo ukusungula lula umbhalo umhleli omusha uthatha ikhanda Bill Injabulo, okungadingi Ngaleso sikhathi yayisetshenziswa omunye umkhiqizo odumile - ed. Ngokusho Joey nozakwabo, ed kwaba yisixakaxaka futhi "abafayo" ayikwazanga uyifinyelele ngokugcwele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Dzhordzh Koloris wadala umbhalo umhleli ayo, okwakubekelwa Okuxakayo ngokuthi "umhleli for abafayo", bese ku-Bill Ushintshe ke futhi lokhu kwaholela ingqondo yesimanje, ongagcini kuze kube yilolu suku.

izimfuneko zesistimu

Azikho izimfanelo sokuthuthukiswa umugqa wemiyalo nombhalo abahleli abafana vi alikho. Ungaqala kusuka ekuqaleni futhi kunoma iyiphi platform, kungaba izinhlelo Unix-like (futhi "izimfoloko" kuzo) noma kukaMoya esekelwe Linux. In ngamunye kubo ungasetha vi ngefomu abanye noma ezinye. umhleli vi-Windows futhi akhona.

ongakhetha kwekhasimende

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza vi, kumelwe ukhethe i-iklayenti ezifanele. Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa futhi umhleli yokuqala, kodwa uzobe ilinganiselwe futhi kubukeka kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke, kufanele sinake zokusebenza ezilandelayo:

• Vim - version modified of umhleli zakudala. Isici esiyinhloko hlelo yikhono setha ngokwezifiso izandiso, ezifana le-syntax Eqokomisa, Unicode ukwesekwa, usekelo amamakhro, londoloza amaseshini ngabanye nokunye okuningi. Kukhona inguqulo nge isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza ngokuthi GVim.
• Elvis - omunye ukufaniswa lokuqala vi, abhalwe C ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo futhi itholakala kuwo wonke amapulatifomu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuyinto screen umhleli umnyuziki esekela Windows ne-syntax Eqokomisa.
• Angalusho - ngomzamo sihlanganise okuhamba phambili kwe-ababili umbhalo abahleli ethandwa. Phakathi abasebenzisi umbhalo abahleli Emacs futhi vi kukhona umbango yangasese. Ville onjiniyela baye bazama ukuhlanganisa timphawu letibalulekile kokubili izinhlelo ukuze ahlinzeke abasebenzisi nge ithuluzi enemisebenzi ngokusebenzisana umbhalo.
• NVI - umhleli Classic okusekelwe vi, recompiled ngqo FreeBSD izinhlelo.
• Viper - akusiyo ngisho ikhasimende single, kodwa kuphela plugin for the ethandwa Emacs umbhalo umhleli elikuvumela sokulingisa sombhalo, vi imiyalo.

Ukuqalisa nge vi

Cishe ukusebenza umhleli ngeke wenzelwe ngisho ukulanda lutho. Iningi Linux-kukaMoya ihambisane vi kuhlanganisiwe. Empeleni ukusebenzisa Udinga ukufaka umyalo ezifanele futhi ucacise ifayela ayovuleka kuphela. Uma ufuna ukuvula ifayela vim, kubalulekile ukubhala - «vim * igama ifayela * .txt». Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wena izokwethulwa idokhumenti. Ukuvula it in the GUI, kufanele esikhundleni iqembu ku - «gvim * igama ifayela * .txt». Ekuqaleni, uthola lokuyala imodi. Umhleli vi kuhilela umsebenzi izindlela ezimbili: Imodi futhi umyalo imodi. Eyokuqala isetshenziswa ukuze ufake umbhalo, elinye libe ngelika-navigation kanye nokusebenza imisebenzi efana ukulondolozwa. Ake uqale nge imodi umyalo lokuzula.

navigation

Ukuze uqalise iwukuzihilela abajwayelene nalokho okushiwo vi imiyalo umhleli ukuvumela ukuhambisa isikhombisi in idokhumenti. Isikhathi esiningi ukusetshenziselwa lokhu ukhiye h, j, k, l, okuyinto banesibopho ukunyakaza kwesobunxele, phansi, phezulu kanye nakwesokudla, ngokulandelana. Empeleni, zesimanje vi, kuhlanganise vim futhi "izimfoloko" ingcaca, kusekelwa umsebenzi umcibisholo, kodwa nokuphoqa yena ukusebenzisa version zakudala, uyogcina usuyijwayele bese ngiyabona ukuthi ngakho isheshe futhi kuwusizo kakhudlwana. Isici kuphela ezingasetshenziswa idale ukudideka - ukungakwazi ukuthuthela emgqeni ephezulu h l, ukuhambisa up and down izinkinobho njalo wasebenzisa j futhi k. Ukudlulela kwasekuqaleni noma ekupheleni okhiye umugqa asetshenziswa futhi $ 0. Ukuhamba phakathi amakhasi usebenzisa okhiye ukunqamulela Ctrl F no Ctrl B.

Ukuhamba phakathi amagama asetshenziswa okhiye w, e, b. Ukuze ngokushesha ukudlulela Uhlamvu lokuqala igama elilandelayo, cindezela w. Ukuze uye uhlamvu lokugcina igama elilandelayo, cindezela E. Ukuze izakhiwo uhlamvu lokuqala igama langaphambilini, cindezela b. Nalapha futhi, kukhona Snag encane. Iqiniso lokuthi izwi umhleli eziyinkimbinkimbi uhlukanisa ezikhaleni namakhonco amazwi ahlukene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le nkulumo - ubusuku-drive ezocatshangelwa ngamagama amathathu ahlukene. Ukuze ukuchitha isikhathi eqa yonkana dash, ungasebenzisa imiyalo nge izincwadi ezinkulu, okungukuthi, W kanye w noma B b.

Ukuze uthole kuzuba kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu esetshenziswa abakaki (), kanye {}. Usizo lokuqala ukuze uzulazule phakathi imisho, nabanye emkhatsini wetindzima lonke.

Indlela elula kunazo ukuhamba - it is ezihambelayo imigqa angukhiye. Ukuhambisa isikhombisi umugqa ezithile, kufanele ufake inombolo line G (kungaba G dolobha). Ukudlulela igama elithile, udinga ukuqala usesho lwakho ngokusebenzisa / uhlamvu. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuthola izwi anaphora, faka / anaphora bese ucindezela Faka. Ukuhamba phakathi amagama yokusesha esetshenziselwa okhiye n futhi uN

Ukuhlela kanye Ukulondoloza

Ukuze uqale, thola indlela leya kumhleli vi. Lokhu kungenziwa nge umyalo: q, okuyinto umane uvala uhlelo ngaphandle izinguquko. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eduze uhlelo ngeke isebenze uma noma yiziphi izinguquko ababenziwe idokhumenti. Lolu hlobo of isivikelo ukulahleka kwedatha, ngakho ngaphambi kokushiya ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ugcine idatha efakiwe. Ukulondoloza umhleli vi uyabulawa nomyalo: w. Amathimba zingahlanganiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthayipha: wq, wena kanyekanye ukulondoloza idatha futhi ukuvala uhlelo. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Uma ufuna ukulondoloza idokhumenti esishintshile njengoba ifayela elisha, kufanele usebenzise umyalo umhleli vi - «Gcina ukufaka", okuyinto luyasetshenziswa ngokufaka: w * igama ifayela * .txt.

Manje ake sixoxe ukuhlela "lilihle", okuyinto kuboshelwe imiyalo efanayo ngaphandle kokushintsha okuqukethwe kulezi zincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukususa noma yiziphi izinhlamvu esetshenziswa x ukhiye, nokhiye J. isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana imigqa emibili komunye nomunye ukuze kususwe i irowu wonke usebenzisa kabili ngokucindezela izinkinobho d. Miselela izinhlamvu ngokusebenzisa izinkinobho r.

Noma imiphi yale imiyalo ngenhla, ungakwazi okubili (noma uphindza emahlandla lambalwa), ngokusebenzisa ikhi. (Ichashazi). Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, kungaba zisuswe ngokushesha imigqa emine ngokufaka dd ....

Lezi imiyalo zingahlanganiswa. Sesiyazi ukuthi ngosizo besokunxele) Ungahambisa ku ekupheleni komugqa, futhi ngosizo besokunxele}, ungakwazi ukugxuma ungene ekupheleni kwendima. Lisebenzisa nabo d ukhiye, ukwazi ukususa imigqa lonke futhi izigaba ngaphandle zokuchitha isikhathi.

Ukwazi njengoba vi umhleli imiyalo ukususa umbhalo, kudingeka ufunde indlela ukubuyisela konke okususiwe (owaziyo ukuthi yini). Ngenxa yale njongo, lo u ukhiye, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba uthathe isinyathelo emuva, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi senzo sacula phambi (ngaphandle-ke, lesi akusona Ukuvalwa zohlelo).

imodi

Manje ngoba bajwayelene imiyalo ukulawula sombhalo, sekuyisikhathi ukudlulela abangababi bemisebenzi yaso ngokushesha - kokufaka umbhalo. kakhulu Inqubo kokufaka umbhalo, yebo, akuhlukile imuphi omunye umhleli, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula njalo ukuthi kufanele njalo ukushintsha phakathi ukuhlela kanye amaqembu. Ukuze ufinyelele izinguquko umbuso i ucindezela noma (kuphela yokuma isikhombisi embhalweni kuzoncika). Ngemva kwalokho, ungakwazi ngokushesha saqala yokuqasha. Zonke umbhalo ngeke afakwe umugqa owodwa, inqobo nje uma ungasebenzisi o inkinobho, okuzodala umugqa omusha, noma cc kusukela iqembu, okuzokwenza esikhundleni umugqa wamanje ngombhalo omusha. Ukubuyela umyalo Imodi, sebenzisa inkinobho Esc.

Visual mode, ikhophi nokunamathisela

Ukusebenzisa umbhalo abahleli, sivame ukusebenzisa ukukopisha nokunamathisela nemisebenzi umbhalo. Thina zisetshenziselwa ikhibhodi izinqamuleli Ctrl + C kanye Ctrl + V wokusebenza wamanje, ngakho umsebenzi kungaba kungabonakala kungalungile vi. Empeleni, kudingeka nje ukuya imodi ezibukwayo, bese usebenzisa kakade watadisha amaqembu ukhetha bese ukopisha umbhalo oyifunayo. Kopisha umhleli vi (njengoba unama) isebenza kuphela ezibukwayo mode ekhethekile (isebenze ngokucindezela v). In the mode okubonakalayo umbhalo idokhumenti yakho igqanyiswe. endaweni Okuvelele kungashintshwa ngokusebenzisa izinkinobho ukuhambisa futhi inhlanganisela yawo. Khona-ke, ngemva kokukhetha esifundeni ezifanele, nje cindezela y ukukopisha umbhalo noma d ukusika lako (ukususwa endaweni ekhethiwe). Faka umbhalo kube lula - hambisa isikhombisi endaweni oyifunayo bese ucindezela P. Umbhalo kweso nasensimini ngemva isikhombisi.

imiyalo eziyinkimbinkimbi

Ngaphansi amaqembu eziyinkimbinkimbi kubangelwa ithimba kuhlanganiswe. Bona seziye zadingidwa ngenhla, kodwa kufanele sigxile waphinda, ngoba sibonga inhlanganisela efanele, ongayifinyelela umkhiqizo esiphezulu futhi lula.

Ungasebenzisa futhi izinombolo nabanye imiyalo ukunyakaza. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukuhambisa akukho nelilodwa izwi, futhi ngokushesha 6, esikhundleni eziyisithupha isikhathi ngokucindezela w, vele ufake 6w. Nge izinombolo zingahlanganiswa amaqembu amabili nje. Ngokwesibonelo, ukususa amagama amaningi, ungasebenzisa d5w ithimba ukuthi ukhiphe amagama 5 nje. Ngakho, inhlanganisela ka okuyisisekelo kuzosusa imigqa, izigaba nokunye.

Buyisa imibhalo

Izici ezengeziwe ukunikeza ithuba esikhundleni nezixhobo umbhalo, kanye zonke izingcezu afanayo we lonke idokhumenti. Kuyinto inketho kuhle ewusizo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ikhodi isofthiwe noma ngokugcwalisa amaphrofayli ezinkulu ngedatha impinda. Cabanga ukuthi kukhona isisho ku incazelo emgqeni akhethiwe umbhalo, kodwa sifuna ukuyishintsha ngomunye, njengokunikeza sicabangisise. Kulokhu, umyalo kuyoba kanje -: s / incazelo / akunika ukudla lekucabanga /. Ukuze ususe zonke izinkomba incazelo idokhumenti kungenzeka kancane izinkinga iqembu, khona-ke izobukeka kanje -:% s / incazelo / akunika sicabangisise / g.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Ngakho manje wazi ukuthi ukuphatha kanjani umhleli vi. Uyazi konke nemiyalo eyisisekelo, kanjani ukushintsha bese ukuhlela umbhalo. Sahlangana imiyalo ewusizo namakhono. Manje yisikhathi ephelele ukuzama konke ongazijwayele. Naphezu kwesimo nokubukeka layo selithe ukubuya kancane okunyanyekayo futhi isithiyo okusezingeni eliphezulu yekungena, vi emva umkhuba iDemo kungenzeka kuwe ithuluzi elula kunazo ukusebenzisa. Into esemqoka - ningatatazeli, irekhodi yonke wafunda imiyalo, imibhalo, futhi ukuphinda konke ku umkhuba ukuze alethe amakhono amasha ukuze automaticity.