Ukwakhiwa Kislogubskaya PES. olwandle ugesi esiteshini

Lonke emlandweni wesintu nezwi sigcwele emzabalazweni kanye ubunjalo namaminerali. Futhi nesimo okunjalo akukhona ngephutha, ngoba ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye ikhono lethu ukuphila nawe amandla khudlwana. Ngakho-ke, uma kuba naleso simo kuba impela enengqondo ukubheka yokuthi sizama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthola imithombo ezishibhile, ophinde uvuseleleke. Kule ndaba kufanele banikezwe ukunakwa konke okusemandleni Kislogubskaya PES.

nje amaqiniso

Ekhuluma esiteshini, kufanele ngokushesha ibonisa ukuthi injena yedwa "umndeni" we Russian Federation iziteshi kagesi. Ukwakhiwa Kislogubskaya PES waqale wendiza, futhi kumelwe ngisho ukuthi kuphumelele ngempela.

Enkabeni yalo, lesi sakhiwo zezimboni - esiteshini ezisebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla kwamagagasi olwandle, okungukuthi, leso simiso energy kinetic ezikhishwe ukujikeleza iplanethi. Lo mthombo eyenziwe ugesi ezishibhile zilethwe akhawunti isimo njengoba isikhumbuzo kwezobunjiniyela nesayense.

Ukwakhiwa nokubeka

ukuthuthukiswa Project kanye nokuqaliswa PES Kislogubskaya lifike ngo-1968 yi-Institute "Hydroproject". Ngubani owayengubhongoza walolu yomcimbi yayithi unjiniyela omkhulu lesikhungo L. B. Bernshteyn. Ukwakhiwa esiteshini kwenziwa lo okuqhubekayo kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi ngendlela kwaba kudalwa kwagcizelela isakhiwo ukhonkolo ngesikhathi esebhokisini labasolwa eduze Murmansk nge yokudonsa okwalandela izakhiwo ekhiqizwa endaweni yakhe yomsebenzi phezu kolwandle. Omunye komsele esiteshini kwadingeka capsular apharathasi wokubacindezela umsuka isiFulentshi (Uhlonze lwalo lwalungububanzi 0.4 MW) kanti eyesibili, okuyinto kuhlelwe ukukhweza yasekhaya iyunithi wokubacindezela, washiya singenamuntu. Ngemuva kokuqala sokuphehla amandla usufakwe ibhalansi "Kolenergo". Sasebenzisa njengethuba base zokuhlola. Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo isitshalo Kwakuhileleke ochwepheshe ehamba phambili emkhakheni wokwakha, ngoba eyinkimbinkimbi ezengeziwe kwaba landscape nesimo sezulu indawo lapho umphumela Yakhiwa PES.

Indawo dislocation

Kislogubskaya PES eyakhelwe ogwini loLwandle uBarents, futhi uma sikhuluma ngokukhethekile, in the bay okuthiwa omuncu, lapho ukuphakama tide kalula ukufinyelela ngamamitha amahlanu. By endleleni, phezu yonke iNhlonhlo Kola, okubizwa ngokuthi "udebe" - ngokujulile engena phakathi ezweni kunalokho amatheku emincane. Kuyinto kule ndawo iyona ekahle kakhulu kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ukwakhiwa olwandle iziteshi amadamu.

Umgomo we operation

PES usebenza, Uma unganakile, ilula: ngesikhathi amanzi ephakeme amanzi ukhuphuka futhi iza umcengezi engenhla, okubangela samanzi spin. Lapho isimo siqala, amanzi, ehlehla olwandle futhi ushayela a ophephela. Futhi kanjalo isizukulwane wamandla kagesi kwenzeka. Imfihlo ezicashile, zazo kuphela Ochwepheshe ewumngcingo ongamtshela.

Ukuphumula

Okuwukuphela olwandle amandla plant eRussia It esebenza kuze 1992. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi umnotho wezwe sasikude izikhathi ezingcono, kanye ukuqhubeka lolu hlobo igezi babekhohliwe. PES wamiswa mothballed. Ngu ukuphangwa izigangi nokubhujiswa aphansi ngokomzimba esiteshini ukulondolozwa ibanga wakhe kusukela lapho zihlukana umgwaqo nemizana, plus lonke, isibopho nokuzinikela izisebenzi ezisele wasiza isiteshi uqhubeke ukhona.

A round esisha ekuphileni

Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Kislogubskaya PES lucky, ngoba ngo-2004 waphinde iqala umsebenzi wayo, okuyiwona yena ukubonga Anatoly Chubais, olalela eduze ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo eneji olwandle.

Kwakuthinta ngokushesha asuswe ephelelwe yisikhathi kokubili ngokokuziphatha futhi emzimbeni iyunithi wokubacindezela. Esikhundleni sakhe, analogu esisha senziwa, nokuba nomklamo orthogonal.

2007 kwaphawulwa ukwakhiwa iyunithi entsha ephethe namandla 1.5 MW ophephela. Le yunithi uhanjiswe olwandle, futhi ixhunywe esakhiweni esidala. Ngenxa yalokho, esiteshini wathola a look zanamuhla. Esiteshini kwakuhlangene emgqeni amandla, okuyinto voltage kuyinto 35 kV ekupheleni 2006.

"RusHydro" fanele PES evulekile inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela.

ulwazi olwengeziwe

Esachazwa olwandle amandla plant eRussia Libuye indawo lapho kuthiwa ukusebenzisa le ukukhiqizwa kagesi basebenzisa imithombo yemvelo. Ngakho, ensimini ka into ine-solar panel, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga okuyinto e ekuqongeleleni amandla elanga nge ukuguqulwa kwalo okwalandela ku ugesi. Kukhona esiteshini futhi vetroizmeritelny eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokubukeka sifana umbhoshongo yokuxhumana yeselula, ngenhlanhla, ayikho lapha nhlobo. Inhloso eziyinkimbinkimbi iqoqo ulwazi mayelana ovunguzayo isiqondiso namandla. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze sikhuthaze energy ehlukile.

Ngokuvamile, ukufinyelela ku-PES (Murmansk esifundeni) can kuphela ulwandle. Abasebenzi lapha incane - abantu 10 kuphela, abasebenza amashifu izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu. Kubalulekile wazi yokuthi ukuhlukahluka izinhlanzi ubanjwe eduze esiteshini esikhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi PES kungekho umonakalo kwezemvelo ayiyona ingozi.

amakhono Kobuchwepheshe esiteshini

Kislogubskaya PES (ibalazwe ibekwe ngezansi nje bona it) has a amandla ngokwanele encane Imininingwane - 1.7 MW. • Inhlalo engenayo inxushunxushu, ukusebenza ungaphazanyiswa insiza anganikeza ugesi, beya emzaneni, obizo labantu bezingaphansi abantu 5,000.

izimo zokuphila

Likuphi Kislogubskaya PES, kwakukhona lapho indawo futhi indlu yokuhlala abasebenzi esiteshini, izimpahla, igalaji, amapayipi amanzi (amanzi kuso isuka entabeni echibini). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zezimboni luhlobo endaweni wanika yokukhosela ukuze isisekelo ngokwesayensi we Polar Research Institute Marine Fisheries futhi Oceanography. Knipovich.

Ukuhlaziya umsebenzi esiteshini

Kuthethe iminyaka ematjhumi amane nanhlanu zocwaningo phezu PES waqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okunokwethenjelwa ohlelweni amandla, kokubili izikhathi isiqongo umthwalo, futhi ejwayelekile. Ngokwendlela elisetshenziswe ngayo esiteshini eyingqayizivele uhlobo Russian womshini generator yayo ngesivinini variable zinganezelwa ewusizo kahle isitshalo 5%.

PES kwagcizelela isakhiwo obuphathekayo isakhiwo kuyinto mncane-ngodonga, kodwa ngisho nangemva minyaka engamashumi amane nanhlanu zokuxhashazwa kakhulu wahlala zisesimweni esihle. Impumelelo ngowokuthi nokuvimbela ukugqwala metal evele of izakhiwo kanye nemishini. Lesi sakhiwo ukhonkolo Luhle ngokuya frost. On ubuso bayo, zazingekho ukulimala. Amandla lalilide kulabo ukubaluleka design.

Efingqa, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndawo Murmansk waba imbeleko yangempela ukuzalwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa amandla olwandle, okuyinto kukodwa umkhakha ngekusasa, ngoba isizinda ugesi ngale ndlela iphephile ngokuphelele abantu nemvelo, kanye iningi engabizi futhi kuyafaneleka kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono. Kule ndaba, kubukeka ukwakhiwa okunengqondo nalehleliwe eziningana olwandle izitshalo amandla kuleli zwe.