Nitrogen umquba. ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate likhona iqembu ebaluleke kakhulu nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen wenza indzima lebalulekile ekuphileni isitshalo. Le into likhona ukubunjwa ane-chlorophyll, kuyinto amaprotheni acceptor namandla elanga, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ukwakhiwa kwengqamuzana ephilayo.

Izitshalo bayakwazi kudle nitrogen lesibopho kuphela ngesimo amides, ammonium nosawoti, nitrate. Kumiswa lemali elincane nto operation inhlabathi nezilwanyana ezincane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezolimo zanamuhla ngeke kube khona kungekho isingeniso ezengeziwe zikamanyolo nitrogen iqembu, okuyinto evela zezimboni esibophezelayo nitrogen esemkhathini. Izingxube kufakwe kulesi sigaba sihluke nomunye ngesimo isimo kwakwakhe isigaba (okuluketshezi noma okuqinile). Secrete ane-alikhali physiologically fertilizer ene-asidi.

Ammonium nitrate, ogama ifomula NH ₄ NO _3, kuyinto emhlophe crystalline izidakamizwa, okuyindawo ehlanganisa amaphesenti amathathu nanhlanu nitrogen ku nitrate kanye ifomu ammonium. Bobabili la mafomu esikuthola ngempela kalula yizimila. A luyimbudumbudu ammonium nitrate isetshenziswa inqwaba phambi imisebenzi ukutshala njengoba sigqoka top. Inani ezincane isetshenziswa ekwakheni iziqhumane.

Ammonium nitrate kungaba ezahlukene. Izinhlobo A no-B, isibonelo, okusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezimbonini Izingxube kuqhume (ammonal, abantwana bakwa-Amoni).

Ukuze kukhiqizwe Umanyolo isicelo ammonia ne nitric acid. Isisindo yamangqamuzana atholakala kwakwakhe 80.043 amu Pure ammonium nitrate iqukethe ayisithupha amaphesenti-mpilo, i-hydrogen amaphesenti amahlanu amathathu nanhlanu amaphesenti nitrogen (akukho esingaphansi amathathu nane amaphesenti kule lobuchwepheshe umkhiqizo nitrogen ingxenyenamba).

Kuye izinga lokushisa, kukhona ezinhlanu crystal ukushintshwa into. Zonke izinze thermodynamically at umfutho womoya. Ukuze ukuguqulwa ngayine inezidingo zayo ezithile lokushisa indawo yayo futhi ushintsho polymorphic ehilela ekushintsheni isakhiwo crystal, ukumuncwa noma ukudedela ukushisa, okushintshako emqulwini ethize, entropy, ukushisa umthamo, kanjalonjalo. kugucuka okunjalo ezibhekwa enantiotropically - emuva.

Ammonium nitrate iyi-ejenti oxidizing futhi iyakwazi ukusekela amandla omlilo. Esimweni lapho imikhiqizo ezishisayo noqhekeko abakwazi zisuswe ngokukhululekile, ketshezi ungakwazi qhumisa (qhumisa) ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Lapho wadalula lokushisa aphakeme (ezimbili neshumi - degrees namashumi amabili) esikhaleni avaliwe, ammonia aqoqana, lokuhlushwa nitric acid lehliselwa. Kule ndaba, kukhona ukwehla okukhulu ukusabela yokubola. noqhekeko Thermal cishe akumvimbi. Lapho kuvezwa lokushisa okukhulu, empahleni namachibi ngokushesha kwe-ammonia, ukusabela zanqwabelana uqala ukugeleza nge ukushesha eside. Ingase futhi uhlaselwe ukuqhuma.