Amaminerali fertilizer. Umanyolo isitshalo. umquba eziyinkimbinkimbi

Akuwona wonke inhlabathi evundile ngokwanele ukuba bakhule babe isivuno esihle. Usizo kuzuzwe umphumela ezimweni ezinjalo ukusiza zonke izinhlobo umquba amaminerali. Kwabo kukhona abaningi, ngoba zezitshalo eziyizinhlobo nhlobo nezinhlobo zenhlabathi. Imakethe ugcwele imikhiqizo yezinkampani ezinkulu, ezifana "Meleuz amaminerali umquba", kodwa kukhona indawo mncintiswano. Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana lo mkhiqizo? Yiziphi izinhlobo umquba? Kanjani ukuqala ibhizinisi ku ekwakhekeni yabo? Ukubhekana nazo zonke lezi zinkinga akunzima.

Kuyini lokhu?

Ngokuvamile, umquba kukhona nosawoti eziqukethe ukukhula oyifunayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa izakhi isitshalo. Lokhu izidakamizwa wezinto ezingaphili, ezithinta kakhulu amakhemikhali, izinqubo zemvelo nezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini, waliguqula solubility yayo nomsoco kanye ukulungisa Ukwakheka microbiological. Izitshalo ngokusebenzisa izimpande uthole zonke izakhi ezidingekayo futhi ikhule kakhulu, okwenza umkhiqizo jikelele emasimini avundiswa noma izimfunda inyuka ngokuphawulekayo. Kahle usebenzisa, isibonelo, inkampani ukukhiqizwa "Balakovo amaminerali umquba", ungakwazi sifinyelele nomphumela omuhle kakhulu. Thuthukisa ukukhiqiza nje kuphela kodwa futhi ikhwalithi yemikhicito. Ngakho, izitshalo ukuphotha anda izakhiwo kwezobuchwepheshe fibre, ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi, izithelo kanye izithelo ushukela okuqukethwe ukwanda, ukwenyuka ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi wempuphu, sunflower - okuqukethwe uwoyela. imindeni abaningi basebenzisa imikhiqizo chemical yasekhaya, ezifana ethandwa inkampani waseRussia "Voskresensk amaminerali umquba", kanye esincane nosawoti yemvelo: potassium, i-sodium noma Chilean, nitrate kanye ezimbonini. Isibalo Izinto ezazisetshenziswa ehektheleni omunye izwe ilawulwa ngokucophelela futhi kunqunywa imithetho.

Izinhlobo kanye nomanyolo injongo

Ngenxa yalezi izinto, kukhona ngeengaba eziningi ezahlukene. Ngakho, umquba nenkhulumombiko bungabonakala agronomic uya khona. Owokuqala uqukethe lemisuka okudingekayo oqondile isitshalo umsoco (magnesium, i-sodium, ithusi ne phosphorus). Ongaqondile esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali inhlabathi futhi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa Gypsum.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lokuqala kungabuye ngamaqembu amabili - a eziyinkimbinkimbi amaminerali Umanyolo futhi sohlangothi olulodwa. Lesi sakamuva iqukethe izakhi eyodwa kuphela. Lezi zihlanganisa ammonium, i-calcium, sodium nitrate, urea, superphosphate, kwenze, potassium chloride, potassium usawoti kanye Micronutrient umquba. umquba eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqukethe ezakhi eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa MAP futhi nitrofos.

Njengoba uhlobo ukukhululwa ke kunezinhlobo ezintathu okukhulunywe efaka umquba. Ngakho, kukhona okuqinile, luyimbudumbudu noma powder izidakamizwa (isib, ngasendleleni, kunazo zonke). Njengoba isibonelo, yonke imikhiqizo ye inkampani efanayo "Voskresensk amaminerali umquba". Olunye uhlobo zingabameleli ketshezi, isib, amanzi ammonia noma ammines.

Ukwahlukaniswa elandelayo ihlukanisa ane-alikhali, hlangothi kanye nomanyolo ene-asidi. Ukwakheka anions lokuqala ezahlukene, okuyinto kalula kufakwe nge izitshalo futhi cations okuyinto basified inhlabathi. I last isenzo ephambene. Ekugcineni, hlangothi akuphazamisi isimo isixazululo inhlabathi.

Demand kwezolimo

Umthelela lezi zimali iba esikufezile uma usebenzisa tech ukutshalwa isiko ne ngenkasa ezinzile, accounting izindinganiso ethile inhlabathi kanye zezitshalo, ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo organic. Iningi evame ukusetshenziswa umquba entwasahlobo, nxa isihlwanyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziswa ekwindla. Extra izitshalo amandla anganikeza yokudla lokuchibiyela ngesikhathi yokukhula. Ukusebenzisa izinhlobo isabele kuqinisekisa imiphumela esiphezulu. Yenza Umanyolo kungaba ngezindlela ezahlukene: ke razbrosnoy usebenzisa izindiza noma Abatshali, kanye umqhubi igeja, Harrow noma umlimi, futhi wendawo, imithombo noma imigqa. izinto Liquid kungenzeka imbewu iphathwa ngaphambi kokutshala emanzini isixazululo noma ngempova.

Sizo ona?

Kwezinye nenhlabathi lubonakale ukushoda sina yesici esithile. Artificial okwenza kube indlela enhle yokuthuthukisa simo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zikhona umquba amaminerali kanye organic, futhi uma kuqala futhi lingaba yingozi, lona wamuva ngoba imvelo akuyona ingozi ngokuphelele. Ngakho, uma wena besaba amakhemikhali, ngezinto zemvelo ezifana umquba, Peat moss noma umquba. Uma zisetshenziswa kahle, futhi ziphephile ngoba izitshalo kanye nabantu. Ingozi kuphakama kuphela kusuka overabundance yabo. Ngakho, onothile in Peat iba oily kakhulu isivuno kanye umquba ungavele ashise izithombo. Kodwa lokhu akuphazamisi impilo yabantu. Risk umquba amaminerali kuphela. Plant, kunalokho, ukusheshisa ukukhula kanye nokuvuthwa we isivuno avame ukusetshenziswa nitrate kanye urea. Lokhu nitrate ingxube kusukela nitric acid, ziyingozi kakhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi usawoti nitrogen kuvela ezitshalweni emzimbeni womuntu, turning kube nitrite, okungase kubangele ushevu ngisho avuse umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kwamanye amazwe, umuntu owenza lolu hlobo yokudla akuvunyelwe.

Yini izinto ezidingekayo ukuze izitshalo ngesikhathi ukukhula?

Ungakwazi phikisana kakhulu ngezingozi umquba amaminerali, kodwa ngisho izithako zemvelo zimuncwe yizimila kuphela ngemva kokuwa efomini wezinto ezingaphili. Ngakho-ke, ngomqondo othile, akunandaba ukuthi kwakunjani zalisa inhlabathi - humus noma nitrate. Ukuze hhayi ukulimaza isivuno sabo, kuba ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka kudingeke ukuba batshale emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko wendlela khona kanye nentuthuko. Phakathi imbewu ukuhluma futhi kuze kube kumiswa amagciwane inflorescences nitrogen ezidingekayo kakhulu. It okudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe isitshalo kwezicubu, esebenza njengesikhali impahla ukwakhiwa. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa efihlekile nezimbali obaluleke kakhulu izitshalo phosphorus. Futhi lapho izitshalo zilungele ebusika, seqiwe iba potassium. Yiqiniso, kunoma yiziphi lezi nezikhathi kudingeka kanye nezinye izinto, futhi ukwehlukanisa ku abahlukene ngezikhathi ukusetshenziswa kuphela nitrogen noma phosphorus sokuphila engenakwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, ukwazi engavamile isitshalo eziphilayo zingaba ngaphezulu ngokukhalipha ukusebenzisa sigqoka.

Lapho Umanyolo kuyize na?

Hhayi njalo umhlaba isicelo izidakamizwa ezengeziwe zingaba nomphumela ofiselekayo. Ngisho noma acabangele umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-isitshalo bese usebenzisa Umanyolo ofanele kakhulu, umphumela ungase akudumaza. Yiziphi amaphutha ezivamile balimi ukwenza? Ngokuvamile, ukuntuleka umphumela ngenxa yokuthi Umanyolo senziwe umhlabathi owomile kakhulu. Enye iphutha isikhathi okungalungile yokudla. Abanye abantu abakwazi kahle ukuxilonga isitshalo futhi zibukeke ukhethe impahla kwesokudla. Umanyolo zingabhalwa ifomu ukuthi akutholakali nokwenziwa, noma mkhulu kakhulu, noma Ngakolunye enganele. Ekugcineni, isivuno siba simbi ayikwazi elihlobene ne sigqoka. Izitshalo usukhathele behlaselwa noma mabhungane, ezimweni ezinjalo isimo akunakwelashwa Umanyolo eyodwa kuphela.

Amathiphu nokusetshenziswa okufanele amakhemikhali

Ukuze ukusetshenziswa umquba amaminerali kuphumelela, udinga ukulandela iziqondiso ezilula ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, sebenzisa ketshezi eziyinkimbinkimbi, hhayi ukuzama gcina organic nomake, ingxube yezitolo isiqedile. Okwesibili, ungasebenzisi noma yiziphi izindlela ukukala. Ngisho umquba isebenza iminyaka emithathu ngemva isicelo esisodwa, ukusho lutho mayelana umquba amaminerali! Chemistry eziningi angenamkhawulo bazonibulala isitshalo noma kuholele ukugula kwazo. Okwesithathu, ngokukhetha amathuluzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubuka ukuze Ukwakheka yawo kwakuyilawa micro- futhi macronutrients. amalungiselelo ketshezi awunankinga "Giant" noma "Humistar", kanye luyimbudumbudu noma powder "Agricola" noma "Orton".

A umqondo omuhle kungaba ukusebenzisa Umanyolo ngaphezulu ukunikeza isampula emhlabathini ukuhlaziywa egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Lapho ngeke nje ngokushesha, lokho izinto akwanele, kodwa futhi akusize ukukhetha izitshalo azokhulisa wenza okusemandleni. Uma ukuntula izakhi ezithile ukuba kutholakale, sebenzisa umquba nale ndaba elithile, kodwa ungayisebenzisi yonke isizini. A izikhathi ezimbalwa kwakwanele.

Uma ufuna ukulungisa ingxube self-emiyalweni ethile. Urea aluhlanganiswa ammonium nitrate, nitrophosphate noma kunjalo akufanele exutshwe potassium chloride. Izingxube Abangane abanjalo bangakwenza ungabe nje ulahlekelwe umusa wabo, kodwa futhi ukuthola izindawo eziyingozi.

Ukungeza enombolweni ngayinye yokuphila ehlukile. Lo mbuzo udinga ukuba sobala kubo bonke izitshalo ngoba umquba phezu iso kungaba yingozi kokubili imvelo kanye nempilo yabantu.

Ekugcineni, isimo sezulu nalo libalulekile. Ngosuku efudumele Umanyolo ugxile ngokushesha futhi kangcono. Uma ngabe le sezulu ihlala isikhathi eside, ukunikeza elandelayo ingenziwa ngesonto. Kodwa ngezinsuku ezibandayo ku kungcono ukulinda ezimbili. Khona-ke uyokwazi ukugwema ekuqongeleleni nitrate e izithelo namaveji akho, kanye uthole inala yesivuno.

Nitrogen umquba njengebhizinisi

Kuqala kwakukholelwa babecabanga ukuthi ukukhiqizwa makhemikhali kuyadingeka kuphela inkampani enkulu, kodwa okwamanje kungenzeka ukuvula futhi inkampani encane. Little Umanyolo isitshalo has a nenzuzo kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ivumela eziningi likufuna Izithako. imishini yanamuhla engcono ukukhiqiza amaqoqwana encane podpitok ammonia. Kuyinto main impahla eluhlaza for nitrogen fertilizer. Ngaphambi ketshezi ibhalwe at amabhizinisi Metallurgical njengoba coke eceleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ammonia ikhiqizwa samafutha angcolile. Yingakho, ekutholakaleni, isitshalo umquba kusuka ammonia kangcono eliseduze maphakathi uwoyela negesi amapayipi. Ukuze bathuthe izinto ezidinga ezikhethekile amathangi insimbi emathangini avuzayo. Uma ibanga ukuthutha elincane, ungakha ammonia. izimfuno eliphezulu zenziwa esilondolozini impahla eluhlaza. Lokhu kuzodinga noma amathangi noma aboveground.

ngezigaba ezithile zonyaka kukamanyolo

Khetha ithuluzi ofanele kungaba futhi ngosizo ikhalenda. Vele banake iphesenti nitrogen okufakiwe. Umquba, njengengxenye okuyinto yayo amaphesenti angaphezulu kwayisihlanu, Site ukusetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni itshalwe kuze nanhlanu July. Ngemva kwalolo suku, kufanele ukhethe izimali nge okuqukethwe nitrogen angaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu. Leli cebo kufanelekile ukutshala izilimo zisetshenziswa Ornamental noma izithelo. Uma ezikhulayo imifino yonyaka, uzodinga isikimu ezahlukene. Lapha kwinani nitrogen akudingekile ukugxila, njengoba lezi zitshalo, eqinisweni, lihlale kuphela esigabeni sokukhula, futhi inqubo ukulungiselela ubusika ayifanele kubo. Uma ungenalo ohlela ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ukukhiqiza umquba enjalo, kanye nenani imishini ayikuvumeli ukukhiqiza anhlobonhlobo, cabangela leli qhinga futhi wenze ingxube ngokuhambisana zonyaka. Ngakho ungenawo ukubhekana izimpahla ukuze ithengiswe kabi.

Yini engcono kwenziwe?

Ethandwa kakhulu yilezo umquba nitrogen, intengo zazo utholwa yibo bonke, futhi umphumela kuba lubonakale ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Okunjalo uyalandisa nitrate, angasetshenziswa ukwandisa asidi kwenhlabathi. Enye ovamile uwukuthi ammonium sulfate kusukela nitrogen nesibabule, okungukufa ikhiqizwa njengendlela powder emhlophe crystalline, ophuzi noma pink anemibala. Omunye umquba engcono, urea Uphinde abhekwe. It ikhiqizwa ngesimo granules noma zinhlayiya ezincane. Inani nitrogen therein ifinyelela amaphesenti amane amawaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrogen umquba futhi zihlanganisa i-sodium ne-calcium nitrate, ngosizo lapho alkalization kwenhlabathi. Ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yiphi zalezi zinhlobo podpitok kungenzeka ngefomethi ye ibhizinisi elincane, futhi kukhona ukufunwa zonke mikhiqizo.

amanzi ammonia

Kufanele futhi ucabangele Umanyolo eshibhe kuyo yonke indawo. amanzi ammonia akudingi eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni yayo. Zabasebenzi futhi sakugcina ngoba yonke inqubo kungaba ngomshini ngokuphelele. Lolu ketshezi ewumphumela eliphezulu kakhulu, ngakho isidingo kuba njalo esitebeleni. Lokhu Umanyolo kuyinto amaphesenti 25 isixazululo ammonia emanzini. Inzuzo yayo kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi kufanelekile yiluphi uhlobo kwenhlabathi wonke amasiko. Kusetjentiswa kahle amanzi ammonia ngesikhathi i-ukutshalwa ukondla izitshalo kutshalwa futhi ukucutshungulwa eziyisisekelo umhlaba. Gcina ithuluzi edingekayo ekhethekile amathangi steel nge zamabhodlela uphawu. Inkinga nje isidingo ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukuthutha nomanyolo enhlabathini. Ngaphandle umlimi Awukwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi ammonia. Noma kunjalo, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi imishini yezolimo efana kuyinto lalivamile, ngakho iphutha kungaba uyibize ngokuthi sina. Ngakho, ukuqala ibhizinisi ukwenziwa fertilizer ngamanzi ammonia kuphephe ngokuphelele futhi engabizi. Futhi uma isitshalo uzokhokha kuphela iminyaka emibili, imisebenzi efana ungase uqale imali ngisho ngaphambili.

Ukukhiqizwa manyolo organic

Ukumboza emakethe ebanzi, ungase futhi ukuzama ukuthola phezu Abasekeli izithako zemvelo. In parallel ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo chemical bazosungula Vermicompost. Lesi sabelomali oluzoxhasa emgqeni ukukhiqizwa Kulula sasivumela ukusungula. Uzodinga nemisundu eminingi futhi imfucuza eziphilayo. Organic, ezibuye ngaleyo ndlela kubhekwe ukuba wusizo kakhulu inhlabathi futhi ivamile phakathi kwalabo abayamukeli lokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali. Uma ungakwazi ukusungula imisebenzi emihle ukumaketha kanye ukwazisa mayelana izimoto zabo inombolo enkulu abathengi ezingaba, isidingo siphakeme ngokwanele, ngoba Vermicompost - ezintsha Umanyolo, abakwazi bahluleke ukuheha ukunakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli bhizinisi kuzosiza ukusungula oxhumana nabo abalimi. Uyothola uzozinakekela imikhiqizo yabo, futhi bayohlala ukuhlinzekela imfucuza eziphilayo, ezifana unogwaja droppings, okuzokwenza ukucubungula izimpethu ukuze uthole batch elilandelayo kwezimpahla.