Ukwakheka isilwane cell

Cell - izakhiwo emincane kunayo yonke kanye nezitshalo nezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo - lo mkhuba ongaqondakali kunayo nemvelo. Ngisho ku ezingeni lalo kuba kakhulu cell nzima kuhlelwe kantsi sicuketse loku sebuningini izakhiwo ukuthi imisebenzi ethize. Emzimbeni, iqoqo ezithile amaseli akha izicubu, izicubu - izitho, nalabo - uhlelo umzimba. Isakhiwo isilwane isitshalo amaseli ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi has umehluko oyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, njengomhubi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amaseli, izimiso ezifanayo isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza, kodwa plant cells kufanele centrioles (ngaphandle ulwelwe), futhi esikhundleni njengoba yokudla okunempilo base kuyinto isitashi.

Isakhiwo amaseli sesilwane esekelwe izingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka - nucleus, cytoplasm futhi cell ulwelwesi. Emongweni cytoplasm yakha protoplasm. Cell ulwelwesi - kuyinto ulwelwesi yemvelo (septum) okuyinto uhlukanisa iseli kusukela imvelo bangaphandle, ezisonga le organelles cell kanye nuclei yakha linezingxenye cytoplasmic. Uma beka ukulungiselela ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu, isakhiwo iseli isilwane kuyabonakala kalula. Cell ulwelwesi yakhiwa izingqimba ezintathu. I engxenyeni engaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi wamaprotheni ne Lesisemkhatsini - lipid. Lapho lipid ungqimba okwengeziwe ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezimbili - ungqimba zishintshe hydrophobic futhi ungqimba zishintshe hydrophilic, okuyinto ahlelwe umyalelo othize. Uma uyikha phezulu le isakhiwo cell ulwelwesi kuyinto ekhethekile - glycocalyx, esinikela ikhono ulwelwesi zikhethe. Igobolondo sihamba izinto ezidingekayo futhi uphethe labo balimaze. Isakhiwo iseli isilwane kuhlose ukubhekelela umsebenzi zokuzivikela isivele kulelizinga. Ukungena izidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa igobolondo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa kokuzibandakanya we ulwelwesi cytoplasmic. Ingaphezulu ulwelwesi kuyaphawuleka ngokwanele ngenxa egoba, ziboya emphethweni kanye villi. Ulwelwesi cytoplasmic sihamba njengoba izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo futhi emikhulu.

Isakhiwo libhekene i cytoplasm cell isilwane, ingxenye enkulu ehlanganisa amanzi. I cytoplasm - lapho silahla organelles futhi inclusions. Ngaphezu kwalokho cytoplasm iqukethe cytoskeleton futhi - amaprotheni sesigcilikisha abathintekayo inqubo cell division, delimit isikhala intracellular kanye nokugcina cell ukuma, ikhono shwabanisa. Kuvele ingxenye ebalulekile cytoplasm - hyaloplasm ebheka viscosity futhi kuyaqina isakhiwo cell. Kuye izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle hyaloplasm Ungashintsha viscosity yayo - ukuba abe liquid noma ijeli.

Ukutadisha isakhiwo eyeseli isilwane, akunakwenzeka ukuba banake imishini yeselula - organelles atholakala kuseli. Zonke organelles babe isakhiwo zabo ethize, okuyinto okubangelwa nemisebenzi eyenziwa. I-nucleus - unit central yeseli equkethe ulwazi zofuzo ehilelekile umzimba kuseli uqobo. Ngu organelles yeselula zihlanganisa reticulum endoplasmic, isikhungo cell, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi eziyinkimbinkimbi, plastids, lysosomes, vacuoles. Lezi organelles akuyo yonke cell, kodwa, kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi, isakhiwo iseli isilwane kungahluka khona izakhiwo ezithile.

Umsebenzi weseli organelles:

- mitochondria oxidize organic compounds futhi aqoqana chemical amandla;

- reticulum endoplasmic ngenxa yokubakhona enzyme ethize amafutha kwemiqondo kanye carbohydrate, feeds ithuthwe izidakamizwa ngaphakathi amaseli;

- ribosome synthesize amaprotheni;

- Golgi amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi ugxilisa, uba amafutha zokwenziwa, polysaccharides, yakha lysosomes futhi impahla ukulungiselela ukususwa kwabo amaseli noma ukusetshenziswa ngqo ngaphakathi kwalo;

- lysosomes kugaywe carbohydrate, amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye acid nucleic, eqinisweni, eziswini ngokufaka izakhi iseli;

- iseli isikhungo ehilelekile inqubo cell division;

- vacuole, ngenxa okuqukethwe kwe-turgor cell ubisi ukwesekwa cell (ingcindezi yangaphakathi).

Isakhiwo amangqamuzana aphilayo kunzima kakhulu - emangqamuzaneni uthatha eziningi izinqubo kwamakhemikhali, okuyinto sovvokupnosti ukuhlinzeka imisebenzi ebalulekile zomzimba.