"Iskander" uhlelo missile. "Iskander-M" (missile uhlelo): izici

Yamanje isimo geopolitical kangangokuthi ukuze alondoloze ubukhosi negunya yezwe e kwamaZwe kukhona amasampula kubalulekile yesimanje izikhali. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa eziyinkimbinkimbi Tactical enuzi, kuyisiqinisekiso lokugcina ukuthula emhlabeni. Yiqiniso, indima esemqoka e deterring ngisabone Isitha fanele ezicitshwayo amasu, kodwa ngisho uhlelo missile "Iskander" uyakwazi ukugcina eziningi izinqumo ngamawala.

Le ndlela izingalo sidalwe ukubhubhisa izimo mkhakha Okuqondiwe esilayidi e isitha ukuzivikela egqinsiwe. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile ukuthi isu zamanje zempi kusikisela isiteleka se zokuvimbela kubande kwamancane, okuyinto ngeke sivumele isitha kungenzeka ukusebenzisa yayo izikhali zenuzi. Futhi, njengoba ungakwazi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi ukucindezela uhlelo lwayo missile ukuzivikela.

izimo sokudalwa

It yadalwa tisebenta esimeni lapho iSoviet Union ne-United States yasayina isivumelwano ukunciphisa isibalo kwezikhali zenuzi Tactical (INF). Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1987. Ngesikhathi abaphikisana efanayo ezingaba bavumelana nokuqedwa ingqikithi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi ukulwa esizayo.

Kungenxa yokuthi isakhiwo esisha wabalethela lenqwaba izidingo: kwakuthatha kwenqatshwa ephelele submunitions zenuzi, kwakudingekile ukuba ahlinzeke ukunemba cishe ngamagugu, conjugate nge kunakho konke ayengabenzela maneuverability ezicitshwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe ezidingekayo ukuqinisekisa degree kunawo wonke esingawathola ezishintshayo njengoba missile futhi yethulwa.

Hhayi okungenani ngenxa zalesi simiso missile "Iskander" e Kaliningrad olwenze "splash" samanje phakathi kwababusi osopolitiki Baltic abasesimweni uvalo waqala ekhuluma mayelana usongo omusha ulenga phezu ubukhosi bazo.

Indima satellite navigation systems

Le mfuneko esemqoka okuhambelana ngokoqobo namuhla, uzokwazi ukusebenzisa idatha etholakele satellite positioning system ( "Glonass», NAVSTAR). Kusukela ikhono elisha ayinkimbinkimbi adingekayo nge ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu ngisho hit ezihambayo okuhloswe armored, babe eliphakeme okungenzeka umlilo kanye ukuze anqobe le egqinsiwe ngokujulile isitha missile ukuzivikela.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwami kokuqala

Ready missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" yaqale ihlolwe ngo-2007. I ke uNdunankulu Sergei Ivanov kubika umongameli ukuthi ukuphambuka, ukhatshana lelitshe ingeqi imitha elilodwa. Lezi amazinga aphakeme kubo kwaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele ngemva kokuhlola idatha kusuka zonke izindlela kuhlolwe ngamehlo, okuyinto babehileleke icala ngalolo suku.

Konke lokhu ubukhazikhazi yadalwa KBM, Kolomna. Lokhu bureau design emhlabeni wonke zaqala "umsebenzi" izakhiwo "Point" yakhe eyaziwa ngokuthi kulapha, "Strela" futhi "Wasp", kanye nezinye izibonelo SAMS ezifuywayo izizukulwane ezahlukene. Okunye izakhi enziwa CDB "Titan" (isiqalisi), Central Research Institute Automatics futhi Hydraulics (uhlelo ebaluleke kakhulu othomathikhi projectile isiqondiso).

Iyini injongo?

Njengoba sishilo kakade, missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" badalelwa for ngokunemba iziteleka akhatshana othukuswe ngemuva imigqa isitha, ivikelwe yesimanje izinhlelo missile ukuzivikela.

Izinhloso elandelayo zingakhiqiza Izinjongo:

• Wezikhali nezikhali ezicitshwayo lesitha, lokuhlala enkulu izimoto zempi.
• Defense izindawo.
• Air amayunithi, ngesikhathi ukuthunyelwa phansi.
• Zonke team futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngalokulingene.
• ingqalasizinda Major, ukulahlekelwa okuyinto kabuhlungu kuthinte abaphikisi.
• Ezinye izisulu ebalulekile izwe lesitha sabo.

Kusukela anti-aircraft missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" ihlukile isivinini avulekile futhi eliphezulu kakhulu ukulungiselela ukuthi isebenze, kuba usongo olukhulu kakhulu bonke ababephikisa ezingaba khona.

Lokho liyingxenye "Iskander"?

Lesi simiso sihlanganisa amaphuzu asemqoka alandelayo: iyunithi self ezinezinjini ngoba sethula rocket semoto yakhe zokuthutha ukushaja amagobolondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isethi ehlukile ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa yonke imishini, abasebenzi iphuzu futhi umshini ekhethekile ukuhlaziya ulwazi wathola, kanye zokuqeqesha kubasebenzi.

Izici esetshenziswa rocket

Udaba phambi kwethu Tactical missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" isebenzisa okuqinile-fuel missile nge esisodwa, lapho ingxenye ikhanda ngokwahlukana indiza. Naphezu aqondisa enobungqabavu lwendiza, projectile lonke bo dlela zingalawulwa by opharetha kusuka kokuthunyelwe umyalo. umkhiqizo maneuverability Special ihlukile ekuqaleni futhi lapho kusondela elitsheni lapho missile ingaphansi sindisa 30G. Kusukela yesimiso sokuzivikela missile kufanele kube ukuze fly up kuso ngesilinganiso kabili njengoba eliphezulu at zokumelana ngempumelelo samanje "Iskander" umane akekho.

Amagobolondolo izindlu eyenziwe isu elikhethekile, ngoba kunciphisa ukubonakala SAM abaphikisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi indlela owenza rocket, kuyilapho endaweni engamamitha 50 km, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi izikhathi eziyishumi kunciphisa amathuba ukucabhela kwayo okufika ngesikhathi. radar Stealth inikezwa ezinengilazi ekhethekile kabani Ukwakheka libhekwa.

"Iskander" Lokhu kuchaza ngokunqoba imboni yasekhaya, njengoba iye yemukelwa. Uhlelo missile (Kaliningrad futhi yonke Western wesifunda lempi sebevele ifakwe) lolu hlobo ngokushesha ukuba samukelwe ngu wonke amayunithi yezempi kuleli lizwe.

isiqondiso izimiso on target

Isiphetho ezicitshwayo kwelitshe yenziwa abaqhubi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngemva kwalokho eza, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi ka homing. Imishini aqalaze sezwe zindiza, ukwakha imodeli wakhe digital. Uneminyaka on-ebhodini ikhompyutha ngokuqhubekayo eqhathaniswa inkomba isithombe esiye alayishwe inkumbulo ngaphambi indiza rocket.

ofuna Optical ine omuhle kakhulu anti-wenza umcimbi izinhlelo, kanye nomthamo omkhulu ngezinhloso ukuqashelwa cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba hit ilitshe ezihambayo (ngephutha engekho ngaphezu kuka ambalwa amamitha) ngobusuku moonless ngokuphelele. ngokunemba okunjalo ezimweni ezinjalo ngeke lisetshenziswe kunoma yiziphi izinhlelo komlilo rocket, emi izingalo NATO.

Ngemuva ke kukhona futhi ungathandi "Iskander". Missile uhlelo eSiriya, wafaka emuva ngoDisemba ngonyaka odlule, ngokushesha bavunyelwe ukunciphisa ukuba mandla kwemizwelo futhi wasiza uhulumeni esisemthethweni kanye ukufuduka zamabutho anti-ethandwa eveni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlangothini Russian lithole ulwazi oluyigugu mayelana nokusetshenziswa ukulwa yezikhali ezicitshwayo eziphambili.

rocket "Independent"

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezimweni ezijwayelekile missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" engaqondiswa amasignali kusuka global positioning system iziphuphutheki, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, opharetha yayo uzokwenza kahle ngaphandle kwabo. Electro-optical isiqondiso izinhlelo inemba kangangokuthi baze bavumela ukuqinisekisa kokunqotshwa ngezinhloso elicacisiwe sanoma yisiphi imvelo.

Phela, uhlelo homing "Iskander", uma kunesidingo, ingafakwa kalula ngisho zenuzi ezicitshwayo ballistic, okwenza amathuba okuba isitha ezingaba ngempela zizimbi. Ngenxa yalokhu Russian missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" eNtshonalanga unedumela eliyingozi kakhulu, nakuba nokwenza kwayo ngokusobala aliwona ngokuvumelana nalawo nezinhlamvu yenuzi InterContinental.

izici Warhead

Abakhi achithile ikhono lokusebenzisa eziyishumi nje izinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlamvu. Lezi zihlanganisa amabhomu cluster oluxube yokuxhumana ukuqhumisa izakhi ukulwa ne umphumela wokuphindelela, cluster izinhlamvu nokuzibona izakhi, kanye elula ephezulu kuqhume, kwehlukana nezinhlobo incendiary. Uma usebenzisa i-missile self-eqondiswa ne izakhi, zizokwenziwa zibe hit okuhloswe amaningi, udwengula ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya phezulu them.

Self projectile azithole esesikhundleni labadubuli cishe nesisindo esingamathani ezine, kanti isisindo ngqo warhead kuyinto 480 kg. Ngakho, eyinkimbinkimbi missile "Iskander-K" ingenye ekulondolozeni ezinamandla kakhulu-non-enuzi, enkonzweni yempi yethu.

Izimpawu nezinye izakhi

Self ezinezinjini umshini ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza ivumela ukusebenzisa kanyekanye ukuthwala ezicitshwayo ezimbili, wabavumela ukusebenzisa engela kuze kube degrees 90 mayelana nesimo sendawo. Itholakala kwi chassis ezinamasondo nge 8x8, okuyinto kudlule kungaba ngokusebenzisa ngisho endaweni lapho imigwaqo bengekho ngokuphelele (MAZ-79306 "Astrologer"). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ihlinzeka engcono ukuhamba kungenzeka eyinkimbinkimbi, ngisho ngesikhathi sempi.

Ezinye izici lamathuluzi wokuphatha nesiqondiso

Ukufakwa ingakwazi ukunquma izixhumanisi indawo yayo, ixoxa nabo bonke izakhi "Iskander", oluqinisekisa kwethulwa ezicitshwayo olulodwa futhi Salvo. Isikhathi sokufika kuya volley akuyona imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-20 ngaphansi ukubala isimo okulungiselelwe luqhubeke akukho engaphezu kweyodwa ngomzuzu phakathi ukuqalisa projectiles. Lokhu kwenza lo missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander", izimfanelo okuyinto kakade umxhwele, kusho kuyingozi kakhulu zokuhlasela.

Ukuqala isikhundla ayidingi ukulungiselela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubala asikho isidingo ukuphuma cab: nokwamukela oda, ochwepheshe ayeke "Iskander" sikwele unikezwa, ukulungiselela zonke izinhlelo futhi wenze volley. Okuwukuphela marshland, lapho kudingekile ukulungisa kwethulwa pad ucishe esitebeleni. Ngemva umshini emsebenzini run ubabonisa isikhundla zangaphambi nakhelwe ulayishe.

Ngakho, "Iskander-M" - missile uhlelo isizukulwane esisha, iqinisekisa isivikelo kobukhosi isimo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana chassis neminye imishini

chassis unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-42, isisindo Inkokhelo uthuthwa ezingeqile kwezingama-19 m, onguthelawayeka nezwe umgwaqo isivinini egandayiwe 70 (40) km / h. eyodwa kuphela gas esiteshini, "Iskander" angahamba amakhilomitha okungenani 1,000. Inombolo kusiqinisa ezintathu ukubala abantu, kodwa ngesikhathi sempi siye saba kungenzeka inombolo labo sekuvamile.

Umshini ukulayisha kanye zithutha nazo ababebuthene phezu MAZ-79306 ( «Computer"). Inama crane nge Hydro-mechanical ukulayisha indlela. Inesisindo ncamashi 40 amathani, ngoba okugcine ukuba inani labantu ababili.

indlunkulu eziyinkimbinkimbi

Inhliziyo lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi umyalo nabasebenzi izimoto. Wenziwe ngesisekelo KAMAZ izimoto. Exchange kwemininingwane phakathi kwawo wonke "Iskander" izakhi kungaba kwenziwe kokubili kwimodi ejwayelekile futhi ebethelwe ngokujulile. ijubane bashintshisane ngolwazi akusho ukutlhaga mBhalo.

Abasebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi has izindawo ezine opharetha kuyazenzakela, esiphezulu ukudluliswa ibanga phakathi izimoto 350 amakhilomitha izimoto emile futhi amakhilomitha 50 ngaphansi ukulwa mashi. Okuqhubekayo ukusebenza isikhathi tonkhe tincenye kokuholwa nokulawulwa simiso oda izinsuku ezimbili.

Umshini yesondlo mechanical

Njengasendabeni yabase langaphambilini, esekelwe 'KAMAZ "izimoto chassis. Yakhelwe ukuhlola isimo missile kokubili isiqalisi futhi ekuhanjisweni, it ikuvumela ukuba uhlole futhi ukulungisa wonke amayunithi netindlela eyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle isidingo sokuba iyiswa esikhundleni ukuthunyelwa unomphela. Umshini ukala 13.5 t, efakwe ngemizuzu engaphansi kuka-20, ngenkathi kokuhlola zonke izinhlelo kanye nezindlela musa budlule amaminithi 18. Izikhungo eziyinkimbinkimbi abantu ababili.

Ngokuvamile, missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander", izimfanelo ukusebenza okuyinto sithola, kuyinto maintainability emangalisayo ngisho izimo ezinzima kakhulu.

Into iqoqo, ukuhlaziywa kanye nokulungisa ulwazi

Lo mshini isetshenziswa ukuze uqoqe uphinde uhlaziye ulwazi senzelwe abaphathi kuya ugibelile ikhompyutha ezicitshwayo. Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo kunezinhlobo ezimbili workstations opharetha ezingaba ukubona futhi udlulise lo izixhumanisi ehlaselwa sizibeka umzuzu owodwa noma emibili. Kungaba baphathe okuqhubekayo ukulwa komsebenzi amahora 16.

Ekugcineni, yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe imoto. Kungaba kwenziwe kunoma iyiphi chassis iloli ayatholakala emakhemisi, esetshenziselwa ukuphumula futhi ukudla kuze kube abantu abayisishiyagalombili ngesikhathi.

imphawu letibalulekile uhlelo

Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuthi, njengoba umuntu 'Iskander-M "yadalwa. Missile uhlelo yakhelwe abaklami oluvelele ngesisekelo idatha anqwabelene Soviet nebutho Russian. Okwamanje, it lingaphezulu kakhulu hhayi kuphela zonke ukuthuthukiswa yasekhaya langaphambilini, kodwa futhi wonke ukuncintisana onobuhle angaphandle.

Ngokuvamile, anti-aircraft missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander 'linenani letibalulekile:

• Kuyamangalisa ukunqotshwa olunembile ngisho encane kahle futhi uvikeleke kusukela izinjongo emoyeni.
• Stealth futhi ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo yenza kube isitha esiyingozi ngokwedlulele.
• Combat umsebenzi engenziwa ngempumelelo ngisho ku counteraction asebenzayo lesitha.
• maneuverability kungemalengiso patency Tactical olunikezwa izimoto ephezulu ukusebenza chassis.
• Izinga eliphakeme ezishintshayo zonke izinqubo ukulwa.
• Ukuqina kanye kalula ukulungisa, ngisho ensimini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nokusebenza-Tactical missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Iskander" elihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ebekwa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ku-non-ayanda kohlobo oluthile izikhali. Izingxabano zendawo zingase ziqale ukubonakala engakapheli izikhali kucedvwa emandla, futhi emazweni indawo amancane enza ukuba uhlobo eyinhloko missile. isakhiwo layo lizisho kungenzeka ukuguqulwa eyengeziwe, oqinisekisa "Iskander" inkonzo eside ilinde umphakathi.

Okunye ezicini ezinhle

umyalo nokulawula uhlelo ngokujulile afundziswe ngekuhlanganiswa imishini efanayo kuzo zonke izindawo ezifanayo, okuyizinto kwezikhali isimo. Ungathola ulwazi hhayi kuphela kusuka eqoqweni idatha umshini nokucubungula, kodwa futhi ukuba kwesimo endaweni izindiza, UAV noma ezinye imishini. Flight umsebenzi ibalwa ngokuphazima kweso. Ithimba ekuqaleni ukulwa inganikelwa hhayi kuphela induna eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi ophakeme wamabutho kusukela isikhundla avaliwe.

Njengoba omunye "Iskander" ivuliwe ibhodi rocket ezimbili, futhi phakathi volleys yabo musa kuthathe imizuzu engaphezu kwemibili, amandla ngokugcwele yafakwa lezi izakhiwo division asifane nezwe elincane. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo uzokhetha nezinhlamvu, izingalo ndlovu okulingana ngokugcwele yini isikhali senuzi ububanzi iDemo.